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Biomedical subjects

Z J Li

Publications and source records attributed to Z J Li.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Open-heart surgery in 48 patients via a small right anterolateral thoracotomy.

To limit the trauma to the chest and to achieve a pleasing cosmetic result, we used 2 types of right anterolateral thoracotomy in 48 patients who required open-heart surgery: 1 was a curved incision along the lower edge of the right breast in women with developed breasts; the other was a slanted incision for men and children. These surgical procedures took place between July 1996 and November 1997. Intraoperatively, a right atriotomy was used to repair 11 atrial septal defects and 11 ventricular septal defects, 2 combined atrial and ventricular septal defects, 1 case of a single atrium, and 1 partial atrioventricular canal. A right ventricular outflow tract incision was used to repair 7 ventricular septal defects and 7 ruptured aortic sinus aneurysm. A combination of a right atriotomy and right ventricular outflow tract incision was used for 2 repairs of combined atrial and ventricular septal defects, 3 radical corrections of tetralogy of Fallot, and 2 radical corrections of trilogy of Fallot. A combined right and interatrial septal incision was used for 6 mitral valve replacements and 1 mitral valvuloplasty. Smooth bypass cannulation and satisfactory intracardiac exposure were achieved with the right anterolateral thoracotomy. There was no complication or mortality directly related to the incision. We believe that the right anterolateral thoracotomy is safer and more effective than the median sternotomy for many common congenital and acquired heart diseases. The thoracotomy causes less trauma and results in a cosmetic appearance that is more acceptable to the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Repair of recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries after thyroidectomy].

OBJECTIVE: In order to investigate the opportunity of repair and prognosis of recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries after thyroidectomy. METHODS: Twelve cases with recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries after thyroidectomy were immediately and delayed operated on nerve repair and reinnervation. In immediate operation, 5 cases were repaired by direct recurrent laryngeal nerve suture, and 1 case was treated by transposition of the phrenic nerve to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and sutured the adductor branch to the branch of ansa cervicalis. In delayed operation, 3 cases were treated by anastomosis the main trunk of ansa cervicalis to the adductor branch of recurrent laryngeal nerve, and 3 cases were operated on neuromuscular pedicle to reinnervate posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. RESULTS: Followed up 6 months, the effect was excellent in 1 case who was immediately operated by selective reinnervation of the abductor and adductor muscles of the larynx, better in 9 cases, and poor in 2 cases who were delayed operated over 12 months. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the earlier reinnervation is performed, the better prognosis is.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of calcium overload and platelet activating factor on calcitonin gene related peptide release from lung tissue].

The level of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in plasma and pulmonary lavage fluid was tested by radio-immunoassay on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injured rat. The results showed that plasma CGRP after I/R was 161.3% more than control, and 117.8% when pre-treated with platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist SR27417A before injury but no obvious changes were observed in the sham group. Meanwhile, CGRP was reduced by 17.4% in pulmonary lavage fluid in I/R animal and elevated by 97.9% in SR27417A pre-treated animal, compared with normal control. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that CGRP release from lung tissue was enhanced concentration-dependently by calcium ionophores A23187 or PAF, as a result of blockage by phospholipase A2 inhibitor p-BPB or SR27417A respectively. In vitro experiment, CGRP in pulmonary lavage fluid was 144.6% more than control when pre-treated with SR27417A and 114.6% less than that treated with A23187 only, even 14.8% less than control. Much the same, CGRP release was 13.7% less than that treated with PAF and was 55.6% more than control when pre-treated with SR27417A only. All these results indicated that (1) CGRP was significantly increased in plasma but without obvious changes in pulmonary lavage fluid following I/R injury; (2) lung tissue CGRP release may be related with Ca2+ increase in cells or phospholipase A2 activation as well as PAF increase; (3) SR27417A was a kind of strong reagent, which may promote CGRP release in vivo and in vitro, but block the effect of PAF on CGRP release.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Neuroendocrine differentiation in 32 cases of so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung: identified by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

Thirty-two cases of so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung observed by light microscopy were further studied by electron microscopy and/or immunohistochemistry. Three histologic patterns were seen: hemangioma-like, papillary, and solid. The only significant component representing the nature of the lesion is characteristic round cells within the stroma in all these patterns, whereas the surface cells lining the papillary projections or cystic spaces are normal or are hyperplastic bronchioloalveolar cells with a few neuroendocrine cells. Immunohistochemical findings showed that the "stromal cells" (tumor cells) were positive for neuroendocrine markers, namely, chromogranin A (19 of 22 cases), neuron-specific enolase (24 of 24), synaptophysin (six of 10), adrenocorticotropic hormone (14 of 15), growth hormone (14 of 15), calcitonin (11 of 15), and gastrin (11 of 14). Besides, some tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (four of four), carcinoembryonic antigen (one of four), and vimentin (one of one). All tumor cells were negative for polyclonal antikeratin antibody (25 cases), AE1 (one case), and AE3 (one case). However, in contrast to the "stromal cells," the surface cells of the cystic spaces stained positively for keratin (25 of 25 cases), AE1 (one of one), AE3 (one of one), epithelial membrance antigen (four of four), and carcinoembryonic antigen (four of four); only a few of them expressed neruoendocrine markers. Both surface and tumor cells were negative for factor VIII-related antigen (25 cases), CD31 (one case), and alpha1-antitrypsin (25 cases). Ten cases further studied by electron microscopy and six examined by ultrastructural morphometry showed that the surface cells were mainly type 2 pneumocytes containing many lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm. Lying among them, neuroendocrine cells were occasionally seen. The stromal tumor cells had no lamellar body, but dense core granules (neurosecretory granules) and microtubules. In six cases, 92.3% (345 of 374) of tumor cells contained neurosecretory granules, which were pleomorphic and 73 to 1056 nm in diameter (mean, 302 nm). Two to 193 (mean, 12) neurosecretory granules were found in each tumor cell. Both immunohistochemical findings and ultrastructural evidence indicate that so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is a benign lesion composed of neoplastic neuroendocrine cells with areas of sclerosis. A suggested name for this tumor is benign neuroendocrine tumor of the lung. The differentiation between this tumor and papillary adenoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, or carcinoid tumor of the lung is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1997

Measurement of biological activity of somatotropin in hypophysectomized rats.

AIM: To develop a method for measurement of biological activity of recombinant DNA-derived somatotropin (rhGH). METHODS: The effects of varying the route, frequency and period of administration of GH, the sex of test animals on the biological responses, body weight gain (BWG), and tibial epiphyseal width (TEW), of hypophysectomized (Hypox) rats were compared, respectively. 4-d BWG, 6-d BWG, and 6-d TEW tests were carried out simultaneously in the same group of Hypox rats to determine the biopotency of GH preparations according to a parallel line bioassay (6-point assay). The final result was chosen from the test which had smaller values for the index of precision (lambda) and the average rate of fiducial limits (ARFL) than other tests. RESULTS: No significant differences in the responses between male and female rats, between sc and im, once daily and twice daily injections of bGH were found. But the BWG and TEW of Hypox rats injected with 0.045 and 0.135 IU.d-1 of bGH for 6 d were significantly greater than that for 4 d. Both 4-d BWG test and 6-d BWG test in the range from 0.020 to 0.500 IU.d-1 had values for lambda = 0.0660 and 0.1747, and for r = 0.9000 and 0.9237, respectively. Three estimates of rhGH preparation compared with the International Standard for somatotropin (IShGH), 4.6132, 3.9829, and 4.8023 IU/ampoule, were obtained separately from 4-d BWG test, 6-d BWG test and 6-d TEW test. And the result from 6-d BWG test was reported finally because it had smaller values for lambda and ARFL (0.0608 and 37.907%) than other two tests. CONCLUSION: Both BWG test and TEW test can be carried out simultaneously in the same group of Hypox rats. 6-d BWG test seemed to be more suitable for potency determination of GH preparations than 4-d BWG test and 6-d TEW test.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis of O-glycopyranosyl heterocyclic ketene aminals and their use as glycosyl donors.

The synthesis and reactions of glycopyranosyl heterocyclic ketene aminals were investigated. Under mild conditions, the benzoyl-substituted heterocyclic ketene aminals 3 or 4 underwent O-glycosylation with tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (1) using mercuric cyanide or silver trifluoromethanesulfonate as catalyst in acetonitrile to give O-glycopyranosyl heterocyclic ketene aminals 5-7 and 8-11, respectively. The beta-anomers were the sole products. By the O-glycosylation of heterocyclic ketene aminals with 1, the O-attack of heterocyclic ketene aminals was carried out for the first time. Some of 5-11 in the synthesis of oligosaccharides 14 and 15 can provide a valuable leaving group at the anomeric position of the glycopyranosyl ring. Compounds 6c or 10c may be potentially useful as glycosyl donors in the synthesis of oligosaccharides.

Disaccharides↗
PubMed1995

[Tumor necrosis factor induced enhancement of neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion through mediating of phospholipase A2 activation].

Recent studies indicate that phospholipase A2 (PLA2) derived lipid mediators regulate a number of neutrophil responses such as chemotaxis, adhesion and degranulation. Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is also a key mediator in neutrophil activation, it remains to be shown that PLA2 is involved in the process of TNF activation. Our results shown that TNF (100 ng/ml) given in vitro for 60 min, causes an obvious enhancement of neutrophil chemotaxis towards FMLP, and increased activity of adhesion to glass beads by stimulated release of TXB2 from PMN other than 6-keto-PGF1a. Similar neutrophil activation responses could also be promoted by in vitro addition of arachidonic acid (1 mumol/ml) for 60 min. It was further found that PLA2 inhibitor, 4-bromophencyl bromide (5 mumol/ml), greatly inhibite the TNF induced responces, while cycloxgenase inhibitor indomethathin (85 nmol/ml) was without effect on the activation of TNF. Those results indicated that PLA2 activation was involved in the TNF stimulated enhancement of neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1994

Facile synthesis of the sugar cores from phenylpropanoid glycosides.

Allyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (3), obtained by selective benzoylation of allyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (2) with benzoyl chloride-imidazole in anhydrous chloroform, reacted with 2, 3, 4-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl bromide to give a disaccharide derivative (4), and an important intermediate (5) was obtained by cleavage of its acetal. Treatment of 5 with a series of glycopyranosyl bromides, protected by acetyl or benzoyl groups in benzene-nitromethane in the presence of Hg(CN)2 as a catalyst afforded four trisaccharides (6-9). The disaccharide (5) and trisaccharides (6-9) constitute the sugar cores of phenylpropanoid glycosides. A new glycosyl anomeric leaving group, trichloroacetoxy, was employed to prepare the disaccharide (4) and trisaccharides residue (8) efficiently and with high stereoselectivity.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1994

[Surgical treatment thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms with blocking of aorta at short intervals].

Visceral ischemia and deterioration in renal function is common cause of morbidity in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgically treated. Two patients with huge thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm were surgically treated by a new technique of shunting. The operation was performed by using a synthetic artificial graft, which was sutured to the iliac artery by end to side anastomosis, and the upper end of the graft was anastomosed to the cut end of the thoracic aorta by end-to-end method. Compared with the traditional temporary shunting, there are several advantages in using the improved shunting technique. First, by so doing the ischemic time of various viscera could be fractionated and shortened, just about 17 minutes. visceral ischemic complication can be avoided. Second the pseudoaneurysm produced by the traditional method of temporal shunting could be prevented by the improved method. Third, on account of the ischemic time of the viscera is decreased, operation could be done under normal temperature without need for hypothermia. In treating a case of huge thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, successful result could hardly be obtained without good prepostopoerative care. We should also emphasize that the improvement of some surgical technique is also important.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Changes of T cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with Schistosomiasis japonica and their relation to interleukin-1.

T cell subsets in peripheral blood were phenotyped in 56 patients with different stages of Schistosomiasis japonica, including 17 with acute, 14 with chronic and 25 with advanced infection. The activity of interleukin-1 (IL-1) produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro was simultaneously detected in these three groups of patients. It was found that the percentages of CD3+ (total T cell), CD4+ (helper/inducer T cell) and CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T cell) T cell and the level of IL-1 were significantly increased in the group of acute Schistosomiasis japonica. In the groups of chronic and advanced Schistosomiasis japonica, the proportion of CD3+ T cell, the ratio of CD3+/CD4+ and the level of IL-1 were remarkably reduced, and the percentage of CD8+ T cell was increased. The rate of CD4+ T cell was obviously decreased in cases patients with advanced Schistosomiasis japonica. The percentage of CD4+ T cell was positively correlated to the level of IL-1 in the three groups of patients. These results indicate that T cell subsets and IL-1 may play an important role in the immunoregulation of Schistosomiasis japonica.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Apoxesis of primary tracheal tumor. A clinical analysis of 23 cases.

During a 17-year period, 23 patients with primary tracheal tumors underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, PUMC Hospital (11 cases of benign tumor of the trachea, 12 cases of low malignancies). Fourteen times of apoxesis were performed in 11 patients with benign tumors who were followed up for an average of 6.3 years. Fifteen operations were performed in 12 cases including local resection of the tracheal wall and tumor in 4, and curettage of tumor plus electric cauterization on the basis in 10. Eight of 9 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma received postoperative adjuvant irradiation, with a 5-year postoperative survival rate of 75% (6/8) and 3 cases survived over ten years. The desirability of apoxesis and local resection of tracheal tumor is discussed. The authors suggest that these two surgical patterns can be regarded as a simple and effective treatment for patients with primary tracheal tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Idiopathic sudden hearing loss and disturbance of iron metabolism. A clinical survey of 426 cases.

The role of disturbances of the iron metabolism (DIM) in idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) was investigated in 426 patients with ISHL who received iron therapy, anti-DIM medication, vitamins, and a combined regimen in a randomized study which was stratified by stages and groups. Low concentrations of haemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, and red cell basic ferritin as well as abnormal circadian variations in the serum iron level were observed. The results were significantly better in patients receiving iron therapy than in those receiving anti-DIM medication, vitamins, and the combined regimen. Hearing improvement was achieved in 53.26% of the patients whose treatment started later than 3 months after the onset of the disease. The clinical association of DIM and ISHL is discussed.

Adult↗