Occupational dermatitis from cosmetic creams.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Z Grzywa.
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In this study, 333 nurses, 92 dentists and 167 doctors were investigated. Most positive patch tests obtained were unrelated to occupation. Nurses were most often sensitized to penicillins and, of the disinfectants, formaldehyde was the commonest cause of occupational dermatitis. Among dentists, the most common occupational allergens were eugenol and mercuric chloride. Among surgeons, as compared with physicians, there were frequent reactions to mercuric chloride and balsam of Peru, and a higher number of positive patch tests with other contactants. Among those sensitized to chromium, 4 doctors found that contact with chromic catgut was harmful. 6 other doctors were intolerant to surgical gloves. A number of nurses and doctors had an irritant contact dermatitis from chlorhexidine.
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The authors suggest the introduction of a mixture of two essential oils (citronellol and cassia) for consecutive testing of patients with dermatitis. The choice of these two oils is made on the basis of earlier investigations. Chromatographic investigation demonstrated that in this mixture no new peaks appear and no peaks disappear. In accord with this, skin tests with the mixture yielded positive results in nearly all cases of hypersensitivity to citronella or cassia oil and in these cases only. It is suggested that by using the mixture the probability of detecting hypersensitivity to essential oils is increased.
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The period after which skin changes appear is discussed, as well as localisation of their earliest appearance and allergens characteristic for physicians, dentists, nurses, veterinary surgeons and assistants, photographers and hair- dressers . Photographes handling coloured developers were found to be more exposed to dermatosis than those handling black and white ones. Ladies' hair- dressers suffer more frequently than gentelmen 's and nurses coming into contact with antibiotics and disinfectants are more exposed than other nurses.
22 patients with dermatitis from propolis were studied. In all the 21 tests with propolis were positive, and in 19 they were also positive to balsam of Peru. The chromatogram of the balsam and propolis show marked similarity and 3 identical peaks could be recognised in both substances. Among the patients sensitive to balsam of Peru and propolis, 12 were tested with some common components; 3 were positive to cinnamyl cinnamate, 2 to vanillin and 1 to benzyl cinnamate. Chromatograms of the 3 propolis samples from the Warsaw region were very similar, but not identical. Some of the patients were tested with 35 essential oils and eugenol. Sensitivity to clove oil was common.
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Dermatoses characteristic for several branches of industry: metal, electrotechnical, photochemical and pharmaceutical and for laminators and galvanizers are discussed. The periods are given after which skin changes appear, their primary localisation and the allergens specific for the particular occupations. In photo-chemical industry workers, beside dermatitis. lichen planus was also noted.