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Biomedical subjects

Z Farid

Publications and source records attributed to Z Farid.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the diagnosis of enteric fever.

Serum samples from 10 patients with culture positive Salmonella typhi infection, 30 febrile non-typhoidal patients, and 22 healthy subjects were tested for both Salmonella common structural antigen (CSA) and antibody to pathogenic species of Salmonella. Serum, urine and stool specimens from these patients were used to detect Salmonella antigen(s). IgM anti-S. typhi lipopolysaccharide antibody gave the best discrimination between typhoid patients, febrile non-typhoidal cases, and healthy control subjects. The highest IgM titer was recorded in the acute phase of the illness. Antigen detection in serum was highly sensitive (87.5%) and specific (100%), and always occurred early in the acute phase of the illness. Detection of antigen in stool was highly sensitive (87.5%) and specific (96.6%), but it usually was not detected until 3 weeks after the onset of acute illness. Antigen detection in urine was less sensitive and specific compared with assays of stool and blood. The study provides good evidence that ELISA for detection of Salmonella CSA and antibody can aid in the diagnosis and confirmation of infections caused by Salmonella.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) for the rapid diagnosis of human fascioliasis.

A dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) was developed as a fast and field applicable antibody detection tool for the diagnosis of human fascioliasis. The assay is performed using partially purified antigens from a species of Fasciola at 180 ng protein/dot (2 microliters) and serum samples at 1:20 dilution (1 microliter). Dot-ELISA results completely agreed with those of micro-ELISA. Antigen-coated nitrocellulose sheets stored for 3 mo at -20 C showed results identical to fresh sheets. Sera from patients with fascioliasis (n = 30) and other parasitic or viral infections (n = 120) were compared with sera from healthy controls (n = 14). Ninety samples can be tested within 90 min. The sensitivity, specificity, and speed of the assay may justify its use in laboratory and field studies.

Antigens, Helminth↗
PubMed1988

Ceftriaxone alone compared to ampicillin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of bacterial meningitis.

One hundred patients (71 males and 29 females) with bacterial meningitis were randomly assigned into two therapeutic regimens. Patients in group I were intravenously given ceftriaxone (CRO: Rocephin) to adults and intramuscularly to children once daily in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Patients in group II received ampicillin 160 mg/kg/day and chloramphenicol (AMCL) 100 mg/kg/day (i.v. to adults and i.m. to children) every 6 h. No significant difference was observed between the two therapeutic regimens with regard to mortality, time taken to become afebrile, fully alert and sequelae. Seven patients in the CRO group died compared to 10 in the AMCL group. The mean number of days taken to become afebrile were 3.4 and 3.5, and to become fully alert 3.9 and 3.5 for groups I and II, respectively. CRO administered in a single daily dose appears to be as effective as a combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol given every 6 h in the treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. However, the once daily dose is more appropriate for use especially in areas where nursing care is limited.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Intramuscular ceftriaxone versus ampicillin-chloramphenicol in childhood bacterial meningitis.

70 children aged 4 months-12 years, with bacteriologically proven bacterial meningitis were treated with either intramuscular (IM) ceftriaxone (CFT) 100 mg/kg given once daily, or with combined IM ampicillin 160 mg/kg/day and IM chloramphenicol 100 mg/kg/day (AMC) given every 6 h. There were 35 children in each of the treatment groups. The children in both groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, duration of illness, and state of consciousness. 29 children in the CFT group and 26 in the AMC group recovered without any permanent complications or sequelae. Of the 15 children who died 10 (3 in the CFT and 7 in the AMC group) were in deep coma when treatment was started. Intramuscular CFT given once daily proved effective and much easier to administer than our standard hospital therapy with combined AMC given every 6 h IM.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1988

Parenteral aztreonam in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Egyptian children.

13 children, 8 girls and 5 boys, aged 2-15 months (mean 8.5 months), with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis were treated with aztreonam. Aztreonam was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 50 mg/kg every 8 h. 10 of the infants were in coma and 3 were drowsy when first examined in hospital. All except 2 infants, who were in coma and who died within 24 h of starting therapy, recovered quickly. All patients became fully alert within 4-5 days and afebrile within 5 to 6 days.

Aztreonam↗
PubMed1988

Ocular complications in meningitis: "fifteen years study".

The incidence of ocular complications in 4102 patients with meningitis was studied during a 15 year period. Cranial nerve involvement was detected in 23% of patients (sixth cranial nerve in 16.5%; third and seventh nerve in 3.0% each; and fourth and fifth nerve in 0.1% each). Pupillary changes were detected in 82% and fundus changes in 5.2% of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Hepatobiliary disorders presenting as fever of unknown origin in Cairo, Egypt: the role of diagnostic ultrasonography.

Among 130 patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) studied from 1981 to 1985, 34 were diagnosed as having hepatobiliary disorders: amoebic liver abscess (11), pyogenic liver abscess (4), hepatic hydatid cysts (2), hepatic fascioliasis (2), tuberculous hepatic granulomas (1), chronic calcular cholecystitis with recurrent cholangitis (2), chronic active hepatitis (2), hepatocellular carcinoma (3), lymphoma involving the liver (4) and hepatic metastasis in (3) cases. Hepatobiliary disorders were the cause in 27% of FUO seen during 4 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The treatment and outcome of intracranial infections of otogenic origin.

Of 1321 patients with intracranial (IC) infection studied, the infection occurred as a direct result of middle ear disease in 36 (3%). The presenting clinical symptoms were those of diffuse meningeal irritation in 23 and of localized infection in the remaining 13. In the 23 patients with diffuse meningitis, the IC infection followed Acute Suppurative Otitis Media (ASOM) in only four and followed Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) in the remaining 19. Five of these 23 patients died soon after admission as their general condition was very severe. The final diagnosis in the 13 patients with localized meningeal inflammation was, brain abscess in seven, extradural abscess in four, lateral sinus thrombosis in two. All these patients underwent surgery, and except for one patient who died 3 days post-operative all recovered without sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Successful treatment of typhoid fever in children with parenteral ceftriaxone.

Eight children, seriously ill with bacteriologically proven Salmonella typhi septicemia, were successfully treated with a single daily intramuscular injection of 2 g ceftriaxone given for 5-7 days. All children improved clinically within 48 h of starting therapy and all except 1 became afebrile within 5 days. None relapsed during the 4-week follow-up study.

Ceftriaxone↗
PubMed1987

Ceftriaxone compared with a combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of bacterial meningitis in adults.

Thirty patients, 25 males and 5 females, aged 16-30 years (mean 21.8 years) with bacterial meningitis were assigned randomly into one of two therapeutic regimens. Patients in Group I received ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg (max 4 g) intravenously (i.v.) once daily. Those in Group II received ampicillin i.v. 160 mg/kg/day plus chloramphenicol i.v. 100 mg/kg/day every 6 h. Of the 15 patients in Group I, N. meningitidis was isolated from 11 patients and S. pneumoniae from 4; and of the 15 patients in Group II, N. meningitidis was isolated from 10 patients and S. pneumoniae from 5. Response to therapy as measured by mortality, time taken for defervescence and for patients to regain full consciousness were comparable in the two groups. One patient in each group died; both died within 24 h of initiation of therapy. The mean no. of days taken to become afebrile were 3.4 and 3.5 and to regain full consciousness were 3.9 and 3.5 for Groups I and II respectively. Ceftriaxone given i.v. appears to be as effective as a combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of adult patients with meningitis due to N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae. However, the once-daily schedule of ceftriaxone is more convenient, saving nursing time and expense.

Adolescent↗