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Biomedical subjects

Z F Pollard

Publications and source records attributed to Z F Pollard.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Unilateral medial rectus recession for small-angle esotropia.

Ten patients with small-angle esotropia of 18 prism diopters or less were treated with a unilateral medial rectus recession of 5 mm. Nine of the ten cases considerably improved; one showed only minimal improvement. There were no overcorrections, but two cases did show lateral incomitance with a greater correction on gaze in the field of action of the recessed medial rectus muscle. Two patients became monofixators after the surgery. These had been patients with accommodative esotropia who had decompensated and had surgery for the nonaccommodative portion of the total esotropia. When indicated, the recession of one medial rectus muscle is a safe and predictable procedure for small-angle esotropia. An average correction of 11.6 prism diopters was obtained at distance and one of 11.3 prism diopters at near.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Accommodative esotropia during the first year of life.

Two infants developed accommodative esotropia during their first six months of life. One infant, whose age at onset was 4 1/2 months, had 4.50 diopters of hyperopia. The second infant, whose age at onset was 5 months, had 3.50 diopters of hyperopia. In both infants, the eyes completely aligned with hyperopic correction. Two points are stressed. First, when the amount of hyperopia exceeds +3.00, consideration should be given to an accommodative element as the cause of the esotropia, even if the child is only 4 to 6 months old. Second, even with small angles of esotropia, an accommodative element should be considered, if there is a substantial amount of hyperopia.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1976

Dermoid cysts in children.

A retrospective study of dermoid cysts in children over the past 13 years at St. Christopher's Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, showed that 37% of the dermoids in the body occurred in the orbital and peri-orbital areas. An unusually high percentage of these occurred in the left eyebrow which appears to be the most frequent location for dermoid cysts in children. Dermoid cysts are a very common lesion encountered by ophthalmologists inasmuch as 3.3% of all ophthalmic surgical procedures in children were performed for dermoids. All 231 cases in this series were benign. The manner and time of presentation of these lesions are discussed as well as the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Deep orbital dermoid with draining sinus.

A dermoid cyst in a 6-year-old girl, deep within the orbit, extended from the apex, through the lateral wall, via a fistulous tract to the skin, forming a draining sinus. Both the deep location and the cutaneous drainage of the cyst are rare presentations of this tumor. We used a Krönlein orbitotomy to successfully remove the tumor without loss of vision.

Abscess↗
PubMed1975

Cysticercosis: an unusual cause of papilledema.

A case of cerebral cysticercosis with papilledema is presented in a 44-year-old Mexican woman who progressed to optic atrophy despite a ventriculoatrial shunt. The diagnosis was made on testing the cerebral spinal fluid for the indirect hemagglutination response to cysticercosis. The problems of the pork tape-worm as well as several references from the literature are discussed pertaining to ocular and cerebral involvement. Although this disease is not common in the United States we should think of it in cases of papilledema in patients from endemic areas and in those who have traveled in those areas and eaten pork not properly cooked or frozen.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Phacolytic glaucoma secondary to ectopia lentis.

This is a report of a 41-year-old woman who presented with a rare complication of congenitally dislocated lenses. Phacolytic glaucoma was found in one eye followed shortly by an attack of phacolytic glaucoma in the opposite eye. although phacolytic glaucoma is an absolute indication for surgery in these patients, surgery in general for dislocated lenses is still thought to be hazardous especially when dealing with a lens fixata as we did here, which is a lens being fixed in the vitreous with attachments to the retina. The cogenital ectopia lentis was believed to be on a hereditary basis since the father of the patient had worn aphakic lenses all his life without surgery and as none of the many other causes of ectopia lentis could be found.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

El Greco's vision.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Astigmatism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

Thirty-two patients with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous were examined by the author over a 10-year period. Two patients have been followed with conservative management. Thirty patients were treated with surgery involving lensectomy with anterior vitrectomy being performed as the minimal treatment, with a few patients being treated with a full vitrectomy and dissection of the PHPV stalk from the posterior lens surface to the retina. The only eyes which obtained a good visual result were those eyes which contained only the anterior PHPV without the posterior segment being involved. While surgery on the posterior segment was anatomically successful, poor visual results were obtained due to retinal abnormalities. No eye has been removed. Five eyes have useful vision. Early treatment is advised in order to prevent underdevelopment of the orbit secondary to early enucleation as well as to treat amblyopia in those visually salvageable eyes.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of acute dacryocystitis in neonates.

Twenty-five newborns with acute dacryocystitis underwent probing of the nasolacrimal duct. All had a resolution of the acute dacryocystitis. Only one continued to have epiphora and had to undergo a subsequent probing with silicone intubation at 9 months of age. All were probed without anesthesia, being mummified and held by nurses while the author performed the probing. Only five were treated with parenteral and topical antibiotics for a week prior to probing while 20 were probed without any prior antibiotic therapy. Additionally, five of six mucoceles of the lacrimal sac which did not resolve in the 1st 2 weeks of life with massage were successfully probed without anesthesia. Four of the five mucoceles had developed an acute dacryocystitis on conservative management. Probing of the nasolacrimal duct in the newborn period is a safe and successful approach for acute dacryocystitis. It is a highly successful procedure for the treatment of acute dacryocystitis with a very low morbidity rate.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis and treatment of inferior oblique palsy.

We present the work-up and treatment for 25 patients with inferior oblique palsy, including 2 with bilateral inferior oblique palsy and 23 with unilateral inferior oblique palsy. Nineteen patients were adults over the age of 21 years, and six were children under the age of 10 years. Sixteen adults and two children underwent CT scanning of the head. All scans were normal. Eight adults also underwent MRI evaluation of the head. These also were all normal. All adults had a negative Tensilon test for myasthenia gravis. The majority presented with a head tilt to the side of the paretic muscle. None of these patients complained of tilting images, but incyclotorsion was measurable in all cases that were tested. The most important conclusion from this study is that inferior oblique palsy is a benign entity, with none of these patients having a brain tumor or myasthenia gravis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) will usually lead to a cataract and secondary glaucoma if not treated. At least a lensectomy should be performed to reduce the frequent incidence of glaucoma. In the purely anterior form, the cataract should be removed as well as the PHPV, as this gives a clear media that can be rehabilitated visually. Eyes with a posterior PHPV have poor visual results due to posterior pole abnormalities.

Eye Diseases↗