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Biomedical subjects

Z F Pollard

Publications and source records attributed to Z F Pollard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Results of treatment of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

The records of 48 patients with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) were reviewed. Approximately 17% had vision of 20/100 or better after surgery, contact lens fitting, and amblyopia therapy. Only eyes with a purely anterior presentation had successful visual outcomes. Lensectomy alone prevented glaucoma, but a membranectomy as well was required to ensure a successful visual result. Eyes with a posterior PHPV had poor visual results because of posterior pole abnormalities. I recommend that an attempt be made to visually salvage eyes with an anterior presentation. Eyes with a posterior or a combination anterior-posterior PHPV can be successfully treated for glaucoma, but the visual results will be poor.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1990

Accommodative esotropia after ocular and head injury.

Five children lost their ability for motor fusion after traumatic injury to either the eye or head. All patients had the onset of accommodative esotropia within two months of the traumatic episode. The ocular alignment of each child was controlled by the use of spectacles that corrected the accommodative requirements. These patients are unique because they did not show any evidence of accommodative esotropia before their injuries. One child developed accommodative esotropia with a high ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation. The use of bifocal spectacles controlled the deviation for this child.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1988

Bilateral superior oblique muscle palsy associated with Apert's syndrome.

Eleven children had Apert's syndrome and bilateral superior oblique muscle palsy. Of seven patients who underwent surgical exploration of the superior oblique muscle area, five had no superior oblique tendon in either eye and two had only a small fibrous band as a remnant in each eye. All 11 patients had a significant horizontal deviation in primary gaze and downgaze, in addition to a vertical imbalance. The findings led to the conclusion that all patients with craniofacial anomalies, especially those with Apert's syndrome, should be examined for the presence of vertical muscle palsies and particularly bilateral superior oblique muscle palsy.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed1987

Long-term follow-up in patients with ocular toxocariasis as measured by ELISA titers.

Twenty patients with ocular toxocariasis were followed-up with serial elisa titers. Eighty-five percent showed a decrease in serum titers, 10% showed an increase, and 5% were stable. One should not be dissuaded from making the diagnosis clinically of ocular toxocariasis because of low titers, as the patient may have had higher titers previously. In the past, results were reported as positive if a titer of at least 1:32 was present and negative if below this level. Exact titers should be requested, as any positive titer (even as low as 1:2) with clinical correlation is believed to be significant.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1986

Inferior oblique paresis: a benign entity.

Eleven cases of inferior oblique palsy are presented. The benign nature of this entity is stressed. The etiologies of this group were congenital, trauma, and presumed vascular. No cases of CNS tumor, infection, or myasthenia gravis were seen. All of these patients have been followed for at least six months, and some for four years, without any other major illness presenting other than the inferior oblique palsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Classification and treatment of bilateral superior oblique palsy.

Twenty-one patients with bilateral superior oblique palsy were studied in order to classify them into five major categories. By classifying the presentations, an orderly approach to the diagnosis as well as the treatment of bilateral superior oblique palsy is made.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ocular Toxocara in siblings of two families. Diagnosis confirmed by ELISA test.

To my knowledge this study of two families with ocular Toxocara is the first in the literature to report involvement of more than one sibling. All four children had far-advanced disease with irreversible loss of macular vision in the affected eye. The clinical findings were confirmed by the ELISA test. With laboratory confirmation of the clinical findings, I expect to find not only more patients in the population at large with ocular Toxocara, but also expect to find numerous siblings in a particular family to be involved as well. Therefore, when ocular Toxocara is found in a child, every sibling in the family should be examined. Just as the young child with amblyopia does not complain of decreased vision, even so the young child with ocular Toxocara often will not complain of any visual problems.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed1979

ELISA for diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbed assay test was positive in 37 of 41 patients (90%) suspected of having clinical Toxocara infections. The antigen used in this test is prepared from the Toxocara egg and is felt to be extremely specific in making the diagnosis. The prevalence of Toxocara infection is much greater than previously believed. It is hoped that this test will help the surgeon fell more secure in not enucleating eyes containing masses suggestive of Toxocara infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Congenital euryblepharon.

Three cases of congenital euryblepharon are presented. In these cases, horizontal width of the eyelid margin is abnormally increased in comparison to the globe and orbit. The 3 cases were all different. One case had involvement of all 4 lids. Another had unilateral involvement of upper and lower eyelids. A third case had bilateral lower lid involvement associated with other anomalies. The additional anomalies which have not been previously reported include a double row of meibomian gland orifices and an extreme lateral displacement of the lower canaliculus and punctum. All cases had varying degrees of vertical shortage of skin in the involved lids leading to lagophthalmos with a mild to moderate exposure keratitis. A review of previously reported cases of euryblepharon is made. The types of surgical procedures used to correct the deformities are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Superior oblique tenectomy in a pattern strabismus.

Nineteen patients with A pattern exotropia and 1 with A esotropia, all of whom had marked overacting superior oblique muscles bilaterally, were evaluated surgically. Nine with A exotropia and 20 prism diopters or less in the primary position were treated only with bilateral superior oblique tenectomy. Very little correction occurred in the primary position while an average correction of 35 prism diopters occurred in downgaze. Eleven patients with at least 25 prism diopters of deviation in the primary position were treated with bilateral superior oblique tenectomy in addition to horizontal rectus muscle surgery at the same sitting. A routine amount of horizontal surgery was performed with good results without regard for any effect which superior oblique tenectomy might cause in the primary position. This is a safe method for planning surgery in A patterns as abduction by the superior oblique muscles occurs mainly in downgaze.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Unilateral medial rectus recession for small-angle esotropia.

Ten patients with small-angle esotropia of 18 prism diopters or less were treated with a unilateral medial rectus recession of 5 mm. Nine of the ten cases considerably improved; one showed only minimal improvement. There were no overcorrections, but two cases did show lateral incomitance with a greater correction on gaze in the field of action of the recessed medial rectus muscle. Two patients became monofixators after the surgery. These had been patients with accommodative esotropia who had decompensated and had surgery for the nonaccommodative portion of the total esotropia. When indicated, the recession of one medial rectus muscle is a safe and predictable procedure for small-angle esotropia. An average correction of 11.6 prism diopters was obtained at distance and one of 11.3 prism diopters at near.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Accommodative esotropia during the first year of life.

Two infants developed accommodative esotropia during their first six months of life. One infant, whose age at onset was 4 1/2 months, had 4.50 diopters of hyperopia. The second infant, whose age at onset was 5 months, had 3.50 diopters of hyperopia. In both infants, the eyes completely aligned with hyperopic correction. Two points are stressed. First, when the amount of hyperopia exceeds +3.00, consideration should be given to an accommodative element as the cause of the esotropia, even if the child is only 4 to 6 months old. Second, even with small angles of esotropia, an accommodative element should be considered, if there is a substantial amount of hyperopia.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1976

Dermoid cysts in children.

A retrospective study of dermoid cysts in children over the past 13 years at St. Christopher's Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, showed that 37% of the dermoids in the body occurred in the orbital and peri-orbital areas. An unusually high percentage of these occurred in the left eyebrow which appears to be the most frequent location for dermoid cysts in children. Dermoid cysts are a very common lesion encountered by ophthalmologists inasmuch as 3.3% of all ophthalmic surgical procedures in children were performed for dermoids. All 231 cases in this series were benign. The manner and time of presentation of these lesions are discussed as well as the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Deep orbital dermoid with draining sinus.

A dermoid cyst in a 6-year-old girl, deep within the orbit, extended from the apex, through the lateral wall, via a fistulous tract to the skin, forming a draining sinus. Both the deep location and the cutaneous drainage of the cyst are rare presentations of this tumor. We used a Krönlein orbitotomy to successfully remove the tumor without loss of vision.

Abscess↗