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Biomedical subjects

Z Chodorowski

Publications and source records attributed to Z Chodorowski.

64 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The role and interactions of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and prostanoids in the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus in rats.

The effects of heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitors, zinc-protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPP-IX), and tin protoporphyrin-IX (SnPP-IX) and their interactions with L-arginine/nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways were investigated in postoperative ileus in rats. Intestinal transit was measured as Evans blue migration after skin incision, laparotomy or laparotomy plus gut evisceration and handling. Laparotomy and small intestinal manipulations increased blood plasma nitrites/nitrates level 1.88-fold. N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, indomethacin, a selective COX-1 blocker (resveratrol) and COX-2 antagonists (nimesulide, DuP-697, NS-398) reversed the additional inhibitory effects of gut manipulation subsequent to laparotomy. In contrast, N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine or S-methylisothiourea, highly selective inducible NOS blockers, remained ineffective. ZnPP-IX and SnPP-IX overturned the effects of laparotomy on dye propulsion, but were only partially effective after laparotomy and gut handling attenuating the additional inhibitory influences of gut manipulation, the intestinal transit reaching 89.21%, 92.87%, 53.46%, and 48.56% of respective controls transit. Salutary effects of L-NAME, ZnPP-IX, and SnPP-IX were dose-dependent, L-arginine or hemin (HO substrate) sensitive. Administration of indomethacin and resveratrol subsequent to SnPP-IX reversed the inhibitory effects of laparotomy and manipulation, amounting to 93.91% and 87.43% of controls. On the other hand, L-NAME injected after SnPP-IX abolished the salutary effects of the latter, study dye migration reached 25.18% of control rat. Therefore we demonstrated that nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and prostanoids play a role in the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus albeit in different mechanisms. Laparotomy stimulated HO activity, whereas gut manipulation led to an excessive constitutive NOS stimulation accompanied by augmented prostanoid synthesis by COX-1. Unaffected synthesis of either NO or CO enables a return of gastrointestinal transit during postoperative period, whereas a pharmacological blockade of two complementary metabolic pathways provides a most effective measure against postoperative ileus development.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical estimation of 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in treatment of patients with chronic renal failure].

31 adult patients (15 male and 16 female) with chronic renal failure were treated for 6 months with 1-alfa-hydroxycholecalciferol on a dose 0.25-2.0 micrograms/24 h. 15 patients with not very advanced renal failure (serum creatinine level 176.8-442 mumol/l) received conservative therapy (group I), 16 patients with serum creatinine value 884-1326 mumol/l were treated by intermittent hemodialysis (group II). The statistically significant decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase activity in group I and II (p < 0.01), the rise of serum calcium level in group I (p < 0.005) were determined. Half of the patients from both the groups stated the relief or disappearance of bone and joint pains and muscle weakness. Besides in group I significant decrease of creatinine clearance (p < 0.001) and increase of serum urea and creatinine value (p < 0.01) were noticed. On the basis of these results we can conclude that the treatment with 1-alfa-hydroxycholecalciferol, produced by "Polfa", ought to be introduced gradually with increasing doses and frequent monitoring of calcium-phosphate metabolism and renal function parameters.

Adult↗