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Biomedical subjects

Z Chłap

Publications and source records attributed to Z Chłap.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Cytoimmunologic changes in material obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in asymptomatic individuals chronically exposed to silica dust].

The aim of this study was to determine and to evaluate silica induced lung cell reactivity--if any--in bronchoalveolar space, before clinical changes develop. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was carried out in 15 nonsmoking individuals with chronic professional silica exposure, free of lung signs and symptoms. Controls were healthy nonsmokers. Routine BAL cytology (HE, MGG) was completed by mast cell staining (toluidine blue). BAL lymphocyte subsets were phenotyped by direct two- and three-color immunofluorescence (applied DAKO A/S monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11b, CD14, CD15, CD16 + 56, CD19, CD25, CD45, HLA-DR). Parallel staining was performed in peripheral blood. In individuals with chronic silica exposure we found: significant increase in alveolar macrophage (362 +/- 45 vs 160 +/- 33 x 10(3) cells/ml, p < 0.05), lymphocyte (61 +/- 9 vs 24 +/- 5 x 10(3) cells/ml, p < 0.05) and BAL total cell (415 +/- 76 vs 187 +/- 34 x 10(3) cells/ml, p < 0.05) numbers; significant increase in mast cell (0.4 +/- 0.1 vs 0.2 +/- 0.1, p < 0.05), NK cell (7.0 +/- 1.8 vs 3.6 +/- 1.0, p < 0.05) and Th early activated lymphocyte percent (CD4 + CD25+ calculated as percentage of CD4+ cells: 15.1 +/- 1.5 vs 7.8 +/- 1.6, p < 0.01). All results were presented as median +/- SEM. Bronchoalveolar space of people with chronic silica exposure usually shows pathological reaction (especially macrophagic alveolitis), although they are free of manifested pulmonary disease. Th early activated lymphocytes, NK cells and mast cells seem to play important role in the early interstitial lung tissue reaction to silica.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Principles of optimal preparation of material from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)for cytoimmunologic examinations in interstitial lung diseases ].

In this paper we considered the value of correctly performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases and in assessment of the activity of pathological process. We indicated the conditions of exact interpretation of the results of BAL cytoimmunological examination, i.e. fine standard handling of BAL material, including its collection, elaboration and choice of lavage site, as well as regarding external (e.g. cigarette smoking) and internal additional factors. We described the influence of BAL fluid recovery and of the method of staining on obtained results. We emphasized routinely performed BAL to be the valuable diagnostic and research tool in pulmonology however, the method may have limited usefulness and unnecessarily burden the patient, if technical guidelines are not observed.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage↗
PubMed1999

The use of nuclear morphometry for the prediction of survival in patients with advanced cancer of the larynx.

We examined retrospectively whether the quantitative morphometric analysis of nuclear shapes in patients with advanced cancer of the larynx could be used as a prognostic factor. In all, specimens were taken from 90 patients treated by surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland, between 1987 and 1988. The follow-up period was no shorter than 5 years. In the group examined there were 59 patients with T3 tumors and 31 with T4 tumors. A neck dissection was performed on one or both sides in each case. Metastases in regional lymph nodes were found in 26 patients. Histologic grading was assessed in all cases. Fourteen parameters of nuclear shape were studied using a computer-assisted system of image analysis. Morphometric data were compared with patients' survival rates. The worse survival rates were found to be linked with a nuclear area (NA) > or = 64.82 micron 2 and its standard deviation (SDNA) > or = 20.10 micron 2, a nuclear perimeter (NP) > or = 32.45 microns and its variation (SDNP) > or = 4.77 microns, nuclear density (ND) > or = 22,215.63 and its variation (SDND) > or = 6930.85 and nuclear roundness (NR) > or = 0.76. By using multivariate Cox regression analysis the SDND, presence of metastases in lymph nodes and low tumor differentiation were found to be independent prognostic factors. No statistically significant correlation was found between the parameters examined, lymph node status and tumor differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Influence of cadmium intoxication on thromboresistance of vascular endothelium in rabbits.

Here, using our original technique for measuring of thrombogenesis on the surface of rabbit aorta endothelium superfused with whole blood, we demonstrate that the thrombogenic property of endothelium is potentiated in the course of 3 months cadmium intoxication. The loss of endothelial thromboresistance is accompanied by suppressed generation of endogenous prostacyclin, leukopenia, increased platelet aggregability and by the presence of quasi-atherosclerotic, focal proliferative, glassy-protein lesions formed in aortic endothelium. We hypothesize that the final loss of vessel thromboresistance with all sequence of events that accompany cadmium intoxication, may result from the cadmium-induced inhibition of the generation of endothelial prostacyclin. However, the exact mechanism by which cadmium intoxication may affect the generation of prostacyclin and, then, functioning of blood platelets and vascular endothelium requires further investigations.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1998

[Mast cell: it's significance in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytologic diagnosis of bronchial asthma and interstitial lung disease].

The analysis of mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is rarely performed in routine diagnostic protocol. The BAL mast cells are rather difficult to be identified due to their paucity and technical problems with fixation and staining methods. The present study was carried out in order to characterize quantitatively and morphologically of mast cells obtained in bronchoalveolar lavage from 38 patients with several lung disorders. The percentage of mast cells ranged from: 0.0-0.6% (aspirin intolerant asthmatics), 0.1-1.8% (aspirin tolerant asthmatics), 0.9-1.8% (sarcoidosis), 1.5-2.0% (fibrosis), 0.04-0.08% (normals). There were statistically significant differences in the mast cells count between tested disease groups. Lung mast cells exhibited heterogeneity of size, shape, intensity of staining and degree of degranulation. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a very interesting and suitable model for the study of human lung mast cells. These cells should be analysed because of their clinical importance in pathogenesis of several lung disorders. We recommend, Carnoy's solution as a fixative and 0.5% solution of Toluidine blue (pH-0.5 with prolongation of staining time to 5-7 days at 4 degrees C) as a dye for routine diagnostic method of BAL mast cells identification.

Asthma↗
PubMed1996

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in proliferative lesions of the thyroid gland.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze various argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) parameters in proliferative lesions of the thyroid gland and to determine to what extent these parameters are influenced by the type of lesion or malignancy. STUDY DESIGN: AgNORs were studied by light microscopy with the help of a semiautomated image analysis system in the normal thyroid gland (n = 6), nodular hyperplasia (n = 12), thyroid hyperfunction (n = 6); follicular adenoma (n = 21), oxyphilic adenoma (n = 10), follicular carcinoma (n = 10), oxyphilic carcinoma (n = 9), papillary adenocarcinoma (n = 14), and giant (n = 6) and small cell anaplastic carcinoma (n = 4). The investigated parameters included the number and area of AgNOR dots, the number of separate AgNOR locations, the ratio of the AgNOR dot area to the nuclear area and the area of single AgNOR dots. RESULTS: The number and area of AgNOR dots were low in all the lesions, with the exception of giant cell anaplastic carcinoma. The number of separate AgNOR locations was the lowest in oxyphilic cell tumors and medium in papillary adenocarcinoma, while in all other lesions and normal thyroid it had higher values. The ratio of AgNOR area to the nuclear area and the area of single dots were similar in proliferative lesions and normal thyroid. In all proliferative lesions and in normal thyroid, there was a significant positive correlation (P < or = .0001) between the area or number of AgNOR dots on the one hand and nuclear area on the other. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that in thyroid proliferative lesions, AgNOR values, particularly the number of separate AgNOR locations, correlate with the type of lesion but not with malignancy. Very typical are single clusters of dots within nuclei in oxyphilic tumors, malignant and benign, and in papillary adenocarcinomas, more or less often accompanied by single dots.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in tumors of colon.

In the present study various AgNOR parameters were assessed in the computer-aided image analysis and involved the normal epithelium of colon both superficial and epithelium of crypts, adenomas and carcinomas of colon in humans. It indicated that the number and area of AgNOR dots was highest in carcinomas and decreased stepwise from carcinomas through adenomas and the epithelium of crypts to the superficial epithelium. Other parameters such as: the ratio of AgNOR dot area to nuclear area and the size of single dots were different only in the superficial epithelium. The number of AgNOR separate locations showed a tendency for higher values in neoplasms. In neoplastic lesions and normal epithelium there was a positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between AgNOR dot area and nuclear area.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in bronchial tumors.

Various AgNOR parameters were measured using the computer-aided image analysis in the normal bronchial epithelium (n = 13), in squamous cell carcinoma (n = 25) and in small-cell carcinoma (n = 11). The number and area of AgNOR dots were the highest in squamous cell carcinoma. In small cell carcinoma and in the normal epithelium the values were significantly lower. The number of AgNOR separate locations was higher in tumors in general. The size of single AgNOR dots showed differences between squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell carcinoma. Ratio of AgNOR dot area to nuclear area was similar in various pathological lesions and normal epithelium. There was a positive correlation ( < or = 0.0001) between the number and area of dots, the number of AgNOR separate locations, the area of single AgNOR dots on one hand and nuclear area on the other.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of compound 48/80 on mast cells and biogenic amine levels in brain structures and on corticosterone secretion.

The effect of compound 48/80, given intracerebroventricularly, on mast cells (MC) and histamine, serotonin and noradrenaline levels in the hypothalamus, thalamus and hippocampus as well as on corticosterone secretion was investigated in rats. A relatively high amount of mast cells was found in the thalamus, a very low in the hypothalamus and almost none in the hippocampus. Compound 48/80 (1 and 5 micrograms) induced MC degranulation, a significant increase in corticosterone secretion and diminution of the thalamic histamine level. The drug also elicited small biphasic changes in histamine level in the hypothalamus and moderately increased serotonin turnover in the brain structures studied, but did not affect noradrenaline level in those structures. These results indicate that brain MC contain a significant amount of histamine, but not serotonin. Compound 48/80 releases histamine from MC, but does not markedly influence neuronal biogenic amines in the brain structures involved in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of isolation stress on brain mast cells and brain histamine levels in rats.

The effects of the chronic social stress of isolation on changes in brain mast cells (MC), the hypothalamic histamine content and the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis were investigated in rats. Social stress of isolation markedly reduced the total number of brain mast cells, most significantly by 90% in the first day. The extent of MC degranulation, 36-67%, in stressed rats did not significantly differ from that in control animals, 45-58%. Isolation stress substantially, though not significantly, increased the hypothalamic histamine content. The serum corticosterone levels in isolated rats did not significantly differ from the control levels. These results indicate that social stress of isolation considerably diminishes the number of brain MC and suggest that histamine which might be liberated from these cells does not significantly influence the HPA activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Computer-aided analysis of the nuclear area in proliferative lesions of the colonic and bronchial epithelium.

The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostical value of nuclear area in proliferative lesions of colonic and bronchial epithelium. The study included 11 adenomas and 9 adenocarcinomas of colon, 11 control samples of normal colonic epithelium as well as 5 cases of bronchial squamous cell metaplasia, 25 squamous cell carcinomas, 9 small cell carcinomas and 3 adenocarcinomas of bronchi and 13 control samples of normal bronchial epithelium. All tissue samples were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded and silver stained. Morphometrical analysis was performed using optical Axiophot microscope with immersion, B/W CCD camera connected to frame grabber card, computer PC AT 386 and morphometrical software Vist and Morpho. Nuclear area was measured semiautomatically. Within each case 100 nuclei were analyzed. Statistically significant differences between carcinoma and adenoma or normal epithelium were observed in colon. In bronchi nuclear area was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma if compared with other lesions including small cell carcinoma or bronchial metaplasia and normal epithelium.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Effect of compound 48/80 on the thalamic mast cells, serotonin level and corticosterone secretion in rats.

The effect of thalamic mast cells (MCs) degranulation and serotonin liberation by compound 48/80 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity, measured indirectly through corticosterone secretion, was investigated in conscious rats. All drugs were given intracerebroventricularly (icv), the serotonin antagonists 15 min prior to compound 48/80. One hour after administration, compound 48/80 (1 and 5 micrograms) caused a significant increase in degranulated MC number in the thalamus, from control value of 20% up to 58%, and a considerable rise in the serum corticosterone level, but only minor diminution of the thalamic serotonin content. Pretreatment with methysergide, a serotonin receptor antagonist, only slightly dimished the compound 48/80-induced corticosterone response, while pretreatment with cyproheptadine, an antagonist of serotonin-histamine and cholinergic-receptors, significantly decreased the compound 48/80-elicited corticosterone response. These results show for the first time that thalamic mast cells contain a very small amount of serotonin, which may play only a minor role in increasing the HPA activity by compound 48/80. These findings also suggest that other mediators liberated from mast cells by compound 48/80 are responsible for the considerable increase in the HPA activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in the normal epithelium of different parts of the digestive tract in rats.

The present study of AgNORs was carried out by computer-aided semiautomatic image analysis and involved epithelium, both surface and glandular, from various parts of the digestive tract in rats. It indicated that the number of AgNOR dots, their area and sometimes even the ratio of AgNOR area to nuclear area or the number of AgNOR clusters varied in epithelium from different parts of the digestive tract. The number and area of AgNORs correlated with the proliferative activity of cells in a given epithelium and they showed some typical features associated with the location. It should be noted that the area of AgNOR dots per nucleus and the area of a single AgNOR dot also positively correlated with the nuclear area.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Morphometric measurements of the nuclear area in proliferative thyroid lesions.

The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostic value of nuclear area in proliferative lesions of thyroid gland. This study included 98 histological preparations of thyroid and 57 cytological preparations (touch imprints). Morphometric analysis was performed using light microscopy, B/W CCD camera connected to the frame grabber card, computer PC AT 386/3 and morphometric software Vist and Morpho. Nuclear area was measured semiautomatically. Our study indicated that the nuclear area was significantly higher in cytological preparations and that size of nuclei seems to depend on the type of neoplasm and to a lesser extent on whether a given tumor was malignant or benign.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Fine needle aspiration cytology combined with argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms.

NORs are the loops of DNA that contain the sites of ribosomal genes around which the nucleolus is formed during telophase of mitosis. In light microscopy they can be visualized by simple silver staining technique as small dark dots within the nucleus. It has been recognized that in many neoplasms, especially malignant AgNORs are more numerous and often atypical when compared with benign tumors and normal tissue. We have introduced this novel technique to the fine needle cytology of thyroid neoplasms (n = 56). We have analyzed the number, the area of AgNORs, the number of clustered AgNORs in the nucleus and the ratio of AgNOR area to the nuclear area and the area of single AgNOR by means of semiautomatic computerized image analysis. We have studied cytological samples consisting of 7 simple goiters, 7 hyperplasias, 15 follicular adenomas, 7 oxyphilic follicular adenomas, 6 follicular carcinomas, 8 oxyphilic follicular carcinomas, 6 papillary adenocarcinomas. In this study we have demonstrated that some differences in the AgNORs value are associated with the type of tumor rather than with malignancy. Location of the AgNORs seems to be very typical for some types of tumors. For example in oxyphilic neoplasms they form single clusters in the nucleus and in papillary adenocarcinomas they form at least two abundant clusters. In other proliferative lesions of the thyroid gland location of AgNORs is less typical.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Reactivity of bronchoalveolar space cells in lung asbestosis.

Preliminary studies to evaluate lymphocyte subsets bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood were carried out in a group of patients with lung asbestosis. The assessments were made by an indirect immunofluorescent method using monoclonal antibodies as a marker. The results were recorded on a flow cytofluorometer FASC-can. As compared with a control group, the patients with lung asbestosis showed a slight decrease in the total level of T lymphocytes (CD3) in BAL, however with a clearly disturbed proportion between T-helper (CD4) and T-suppressor (CD8) lymphocytes, which led to a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. The blood level of T lymphocytes and their subsets in these patients approximated that in the controls. Heavy smoking was also found to enhance disorders in their number and proportion. The assessment of B lymphocytes (by using polyclonal antihuman immunoglobulins (sIg/FITC) showed a significantly high level of these lymphocytes in BAL with simultaneously low levels in blood in the same patients with lung asbestosis. We did not find a clear synergic effect of cigarette smoking on the levels of B lymphocytes in the studied group.

Adult↗