Whole-genome evolutionary dynamics of human parainfluenza virus type 3 in Shanghai, China, 2016-2024.
• Fifty whole-genome sequencing revealed co-circulating HPIV-3 C3 sub-lineages C3f and C3a in Shanghai, China. • Whole-genome phylogeny dated the HPIV-3 tMRCA to ∼1925.6 and revealed two post-1990 demographic expansions. • Recombination signals detected in the HN gene and other regions may lead to discordance in partial-gene phylogenies. • The L gene showed the highest variability and harbored the largest number of putative positively selected sites.
Letter↗