Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Yun Gong

Publications and source records attributed to Yun Gong.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Evaluation of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization for the t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation in the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma on fine-needle aspirates: a comparison with flow cytometry immunophenotyping.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing lymphoproliferative disorders on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) can be challenging due to variable cellularity and lack of architecture. Ancillary studies often are required for diagnosis. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by a monoclonal B-cell proliferation with coexpression of CD19/CD10 and a t(14;18)(q32;q21) reciprocal translocation, resulting in the immunoglobulin heavy chain/BCL-2 fusion gene. These features also can be found, with much lower frequency, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of follicle center cell origin. The objective of the current study was to compare the accuracy in detecting FL and DLBCL of follicle center cell origin by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) versus flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCM) on FNAs. METHODS: Concurrent testing by FISH for t(14;18)(q32;q21) and FCM was performed on 84 FNAs, including 40 FLs and 44 non-FLs (de novo DLBCLs, mantle cell lymphomas, small lymphocytic lymphomas/chronic lymphocytic leukemias [SLLs/CLLs], small B-cell lymphomas, and reactive lymphoid hyperplasias). The final diagnosis was rendered based on the combined information from cytomorphology, FCM, FISH, immunocytochemical staining for Ki-67, monoclonality for kappa and lambda light chains, and, if available, corresponding tissue biopsy, cytogenetic analysis, and polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Among 40 FLs, FISH produced positive results for the t(14;18) translocation in 85.0%, negative results in 7.5%, and insufficient results in 7.5%; whereas, with FCM, 75% of cases exhibited a CD19-positive (CD19+)/CD10+ population (28 monoclonal, 2 nonclonal), 12.5% of cases exhibited a CD19+/CD10-negative population (3 monoclonal, 2 nonclonal), and 12.5% of cases were insufficient. All of nonclonal results from FCM and all of the insufficient results from FCM analysis exhibited unequivocal t(14;18) translocation by FISH. In contrast, the three negative results and the three insufficient results from FISH were monoclonal and CD19+/CD10+ on FCM. The results from FISH and FCM were concordant in 75% cases. Of 44 non-FLs, FISH produced positive results for the t(14;18) translocation in 5 DLBCLs and 2 SLLs/CLLs. The latter showed single fusion signals just above the cutoff level. All cases in the non-FL group that failed to show clonality or had insufficient results from FCM were DLBCLs. Among 17 DLBCLs, FISH detected a t(14;18) translocation in 29.4%, whereas FCM demonstrated a CD19+/CD10+ population in 23.5%. CONCLUSIONS: I-FISH for the t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation provided high overall accuracy in detecting FLs on FNAs. This test can be used for diagnosing or monitoring FL on FNAs when cellularity is limited or when FCM results are noncontributory. For detecting a follicle center cell origin in DLBCLs, I-FISH for the t(14;18) translocation appeared to be slightly more sensitive than FCM for the CD19+/CD10+ immunophenotype.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14↗
PubMed2003

Expression of androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen in male breast carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The androgen-regulated proteins prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) are present in high concentrations in normal prostate and prostatic cancer and are considered to be tissue-specific to prostate. These markers are commonly used to diagnose metastatic prostate carcinoma at various sites including the male breast. However, expression of these two proteins in tumors arising in tissues regulated by androgens such as male breast carcinoma has not been thoroughly evaluated. METHODS: In this study we analyzed the expression of PSA, PSAP and androgen receptor (AR) by immunohistochemistry in 26 cases of male breast carcinomas and correlated these with the expression of other prognostic markers. RESULTS: AR, PSA and PSAP expression was observed in 81%, 23% and 0% of carcinomas, respectively. Combined expression of AR and PSA was observed in only four tumors. CONCLUSION: Although the biological significance of PSA expression in male breast carcinomas is not clear, caution should be exercised when it is used as a diagnostic marker of metastatic prostate carcinoma.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2003

Immunocytochemistry of serous effusion specimens: a comparison of ThinPrep vs cell block.

The ThinPrep Processor is gaining popularity in both gynecologic and nongynecologic cytologic samples, including effusion specimens. We compared immunocytochemical results on ThinPrep and cell-block preparations from the same effusion specimen with antibodies commonly used in effusion cytopathology. Samples from 17 reactive effusions and 79 effusions with metastatic adenocarcinomas were each prepared as monolayer ThinPreps and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell blocks. All slides were immunostained with antibodies against intermediate filaments (cytokeratins 8 and 18, and vimentin), cytoplasmic or membrane proteins (EMA, polyclonal CEA, B72.3, and BerEP4), and nuclear antigens (Ki67, PCNA, and p53), using the avidin-biotin procedure. ThinPrep and cell-block slides were stained simultaneously, using identical protocols. Both preparations showed similar results with respect to frequency of positivity, intensity, and distribution of stain for all nonnuclear markers tested. However, for the three nuclear markers Ki67, PCNA, and p53, the frequency and intensity of reaction with ThinPrep were significantly lower than with the cell-block preparation, particularly in malignant effusions. These findings suggest that immunocytochemical results obtained with ThinPrep match those of cell block for most markers tested. However, cell-block preparation are superior to ThinPrep for nuclear markers (Ki67, PCNA, and p53).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Critical role for conversion of glu-plasminogen to Lys-plasminogen for optimal stimulation of plasminogen activation on cell surfaces.

When Glu-plasminogen, the native circulating form of the zymogen, is bound to cell surfaces, its activation is markedly enhanced compared with the reaction in solution. This results in localization of the broad-spectrum proteolytic activity of plasmin on cell surfaces. The cell-associated plasmin plays a key role in fibrinolysis, cell migration, and prohormone processing. It is well established that the localization of plasminogen and plasminogen activators on cell surfaces promotes the enhanced plasminogen activation on the cell surface. The focus of this article is to review recent studies demonstrating that the conversion of Glu-plasminogen to the more readily activated Lys-plasminogen derivative is necessary for optimal stimulation of plasminogen activation on the cell surface, and that the interaction of Glu-plasminogen with cells serves to increase processing of Glu-plasminogen to Lys-plasminogen, thereby enhancing plasminogen activation on the cell surface.

Fibrinolytic Agents↗
PubMed2003

Renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe type, with collecting duct carcinoma and sarcomatoid components.

We report a case of a 72-year-old man with a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that had both sarcomatoid and collecting duct carcinoma components. The 7-cm tumor occupied the entire lower pole of the kidney and infiltrated the renal parenchyma and the pelvic-calyceal system. Histologically, it had an area of classic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that merged into a sarcomatoid component. Closely intermixed with the sarcomatoid component was a collecting duct carcinoma component characterized by highly pleomorphic, epithelioid cells arranged in cords, nests, and tubulomicrocystic structures. The cords, nests, and tubules were associated with a florid desmoplastic stromal response and numerous inflammatory cells. In addition, dysplastic changes were noted in adjacent nonneoplastic collecting duct epithelium. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the presence of 3 distinct components in this patient's tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid and collecting duct carcinoma components.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Loss of BRCA1 expression in sporadic male breast carcinoma.

BRCA1 protein is normally expressed in the nuclei of breast epithelial cells and functions as a negative regulator of the cell cycle. Mutations of BRCA1 gene have been associated with familial breast carcinomas. Although somatic mutations have not been demonstrated in sporadic breast carcinomas, loss of nuclear expression of BRCA1 protein has been correlated with high-grade, infiltrating breast carcinomas in females. We have investigated the expression of BRCA1 protein in a series of 26 infiltrating carcinomas of male breast and correlated the results with a variety of clinicopathological parameters. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated decreased expression of BRCA1 in all carcinomas compared to normal breast epithelium. The median survival was 8 years in patients with minimal loss of BRCA1 expression while it was 1.5 years in patients with marked loss of this protein. Marked loss of BRCA1 protein was also associated with increased cell proliferation. These results suggest that BRCA1 plays a similar role in both male and female breast carcinoma and Joss of this protein is associated with poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Expression of cell adhesion molecules, CD44s and E-cadherin, and microvessel density in carcinoid tumors.

Although all carcinoids are potentially malignant, their biologic behavior is quite variable. Currently there are no reliable morphological criteria to predict metastatic potential. Cell adhesion molecules, such as CD44 and E-cadherin, are considered important in regulating invasion and metastasis of tumors. Also, angiogenesis has been shown to be associated with tumor growth and progression. In this study, we examined 51 carcinoids, including 13 carcinoids with known lymph node and/or visceral metastasis, for expression of CD44s (the standard form of CD44) and E-cadherin by immunohistochemistry. We found that 55% and 37% of carcinoids were negative for CD44s and E-cadherin, respectively. Carcinoids with lymph node and/or visceral metastasis were significantly more frequently negative for CD44s than were those without demonstrated metastasis (P =.030). Ten of 11 tumors with lymph node metastasis lacked CD44s (P =.022), whereas E-cadherin was negative in only 3 (P =.975). Additionally, we analyzed microvessel density to evaluate the role of tumor angiogenesis in the tumor behavior. Carcinoid tumors in general demonstrated high microvessel density (160 +/- 82/five 200x fields), irrespective of location and with and without metastasis. These results suggest that loss of CD44s, but not E-cadherin, may be a useful predictor of metastatic potential of carcinoid tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Primary cutaneous alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the perineum.

Primary alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) involving perineal skin is extremely rare, particularly in the infant age group. We report a case of an alveolar RMS in a newborn with abnormal symmetrical perineal overgrowth, causing ambiguous morphologic structure of the genitalia. Clinical and imaging studies were suggestive of Proteus syndrome with lymphatic malformation. Histologic examination of the mass showed cutaneous alveolar RMS with areas of embryonal and pleomorphic RMS features. Multiple superficially located, cystic-dilated spaces with loose edematous-mucoid hypocellular stroma gave a gross morphologic structure similar to that of lymphatic-type excrescences.

Female↗
PubMed2002

[Vasodilators for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects and safety of vasodilators on sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSHL). SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic databases: MEDLINE from 1966, EMBASE from 1974, the Cochrane Controlled Trails Register, Chinese Bio-medicine Database from 1989. Hand search: Five kinds of Chinese otolaryngology journals were selected. Literature references were checked intensively. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing vasodilators with placebo or other drugs in patients with SSHL. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three reviewers independently accessed the quality of trials and extracted the data. RESULTS: Thirteen trials with 1,155 patients were eligible and covered in the systematic review. Ten of the trials were conducted in developed countries, and three in China. None of the four trials showed the effects of vasodilators on SSHL were better than that of placebo. None of the seven trials comparing different drugs showed the effects of one kind of vasodilators were better than that of the other vasodilators. Two trials showed that some other drugs, such as batroxobin and hypaque were probably better than the vasodilators (dextran, papaverine, 654-2, danshen). Eight trials showed side effects of vasodilators, such as pruritus, allergy, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the systematic review of current eligible randomized controlled clinical trials, there is no evidence to prove that vasodilator therapy is more effective than placebo or other therapies for SSHL, or the effects of one kind of vasodilators to be better than that of the other vasodilators. So far we can't draw a reliable conclusion about the effects of vasodilators for SSHL. In addition, we must pay attention to their potential adverse reactions.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology of a metastatic duct carcinoma of the prostate: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Prostatic ductal carcinoma (PDC) is a rare variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Without proper clinical information, a fine needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of metastatic PDC can be challenging as this tumor can morphologically mimic adenocarcinomas from other sites. To our knowledge, FNA findings of metastatic PDC have not been previously reported. CASE: An 85-year-old man presented with a large, destructive pelvic bone lesion with soft tissue extension. He had undergone a prostatectomy 30 years earlier for "benign prostatic hypertrophy" but had no known history of malignancy. The aspirates were hypercellular and composed of numerous monolayered or folded cohesive sheets of tumor cells with minimal cytologic atypia. The tumor cells had abundant, clear cytoplasm, evenly spaced nuclei, finely granular chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli and occasional mitotic figures. The background was clean and contained a few wisps of thin mucin. Cell block sections revealed tumor cells forming tubulopapillary architecture lined with tall columnar cells with focal nuclear pseudostratification, reminiscent of uterine endometrial carcinoma. Positive immunoreactivity for prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase confirmed the tumor's prostatic origin. CONCLUSION: Because of the rarity and nonspecific cytomorphologic characteristics of this tumor, clinical history, radiologic findings and a high index of suspicion in conjunction with ancillary studies are important in achieving a correct FNA diagnosis of metastatic PDC.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology of a thyroid metastasis of metaplastic breast carcinoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Metaplastic breast carcinoma is defined as mesenchymal and/or squamous cell components associated with ductal carcinoma. Because of the heterogeneous nature of this tumor, cytologic interpretation on fine needle aspirates can be quite challenging. This is especially true of metastatic lesions of this rare tumor type. Metastasis to the thyroid has not been previously reported. CASE: A 57-year-old woman with a history of metaplastic breast carcinoma for which she underwent mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiation therapy 2 years earlier presented with a fast-growing left thyroid mass with progressive hoarseness and dysphasia. Clinical presentation and findings from a neck computed tomographic scan were strongly suggestive of a primary thyroid malignancy. The aspirate specimen was composed of scant, highly atypical epithelial cells in a background of an abundant chondromyxoid matrix and scattered, benign follicular cells. A literature review confirmed the novelty of this case. CONCLUSION: This case emphasizes the value of clinical information and the importance of generous sampling in achieving a correct diagnosis of metastatic metaplastic carcinoma.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology of well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) is an uncommon subtype of mesothelioma that typically occurs in the peritoneum of women without a history of asbestos exposure and usually follows an indolent clinical course. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of this type of tumor has rarely been reported. CASE: A 64-year-old woman with 11-year history of colon cancer and an adrenal nodule was found, on abdominal computed tomography, to have a mass in the right lobe of the liver. Aspirates of the mass were composed of abundant, tight, papillary groups, monolayered, pavementlike sheets; and scattered single cells with minimal atypia. The cell block showed a predominantly papillary growth pattern and a single layer of bland, cuboidal to flattened covering cells with stout, fibrovascular cores containing clusters of foamy histiocytes. Tumor cells in the focal tubulopapillary and solid areas were mingled with inflammatory cells and showed slightly more atypia than did the cells covering the papillae. The differential diagnoses were intrahepatic papillary neoplasm, including well-differentiated mesothelioma and metastatic low grade papillary serous carcinoma. At surgery the tumor was found to be a pedunculated peritoneal mass that arose from the posterior surface of the right lobe of the liver. The mesothelial origin of the tumor was confirmed by both immunoperoxidase study and electron microscopic examination, which demonstrated long, slender, branching microvilli. CONCLUSION: Familiarity with the cytomorphologic features and clinical presentation of WDPM, knowledge of the exact anatomic location and consideration of the appropriate differential diagnosis combined with ancillary studies are the keys to an accurate diagnosis.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pitfalls in fine needle aspiration cytology of extraadrenal paraganglioma. A report of 2 cases.

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is commonly used as an initial diagnostic tool in the evaluation of mass lesions. However, extraadrenal paragangliomas (EAPs) are not commonly seen on FNA and, when encountered, can pose a diagnostic challenge since they have a wide variety of morphologic patterns. CASES: Two intraabdominal EAPs were misdiagnosed as an anaplastic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with giant cell features and papillary adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. The sources of the pitfalls were inaccurate radiologic localization, misinterpretation of vascular-rich tissue fragments as papillary structures, presence of acinarmicroglandular structures, marked cellular pleomorphism (including multinucleation), prominent nucleoli and some cells with "squamoid" cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: The cytologic features of EAP, although suggestive, are not specific. A high index of suspicion and knowledge of clinical information, exact anatomic location and cytologic morphology combined with appropriate ancillary studies are the key to an accurate diagnosis.

Aged↗