Biomedical subjects

Yuan Li

Publications and source records attributed to Yuan Li.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Longterm effect of phonomirsurgery on early glottic cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the end results related to the early glottic cancer by means of phonomicrosurgery. METHODS: During 1989-1997, 44 cases of the early glottic cancer underwent phonomicrosurgery. The early glottic cancer were classified into three types according to depth of penetration of the vocal cord lesions, such as carcinoma in situ (5 cases), microinvasive carcinoma (33 cases) and invasive carcinoma (6 cases). Microflap resection techniques were used in both of the carcinoma in situ( CIS) and the microinvasive carcinoma (CA), while the laser cordectomy was used in patients of invasive glottic cancer with surgical margins dissected by the carbon dioxide laser. Submucosal vocal cord infusion is employed to indentify the two different choices. 1/10,000 epinephrine sterile saline was injected into superficial lamina propria, if the lesion was swollen as well as the epithelium, it suggested the vocal cord lesions were above the superficial lamina propria, microflap excision could be selected. Otherwise "doughnut effect" phenomena was observed that demonstrated distension of the SLP peripheral to the central attachment of the neoplastic lesion to the MLP or DLP, then laser cordectomy was choose. Each patient was recorded pre and post-operation with histopathological analysis. A long term follow-up was established at 2-month to 1 year interval. The longest had been 11-year, while the shortest 5-year. RESULTS: Six (15.8%) of 38 lesions treated for CIS and CA with microflap excision were recurred locally within 2 to 3-year. All of them were performed with microflap resection. One of 6 cases underwent 3 times of microflap operation within 10-year, one patient developed invasive cancer, therefore transcervical laryngectomy was used. The 5-year survival rate was 89.5%. Two of 6(33.3%) invasive carcinoma with cordectomy were recurred parcel two months postoperatively, they were submitted to traditional laryngectomy. One lost to follow-up was found recrudesc three years after operation, he received open transcervical laryngectomy. One patient with fusiform cell cancer employed local radiation therapy . The 5-year survival rate was 66. 7% . CONCLUSIONS: On the management of early glottic cancer, Phonomicrosurgery not only eliminates the diseases, but also preserves "normal" voice. Microflap excision is an effective microtrauma therapeutic technique, and the resected specimen is also a "golden criterion" for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis related to early glottic carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[The effect of comprehensive therapy on psychological state of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate psychological state of patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and the effect of comprehensive therapy on it. METHOD: Eighty-five patients were assessed with SCL-90, SAS and HRSD on different time. Statistical treatment was performed with T test. RESULT: The subscores of somatization, anxiety, depression, psychoticism of SCL-90 in OSAHS were higher than average scores in China. The SCL-90, SAS, HRSD scores of anxiety and depression decreased by turns on the first week and third month after treatments. CONCLUSION: Patients with OSAHS are more anxious and depressive than normal. Comprehensive nursing care conduce to physically and mental rehabilitation of OSAHS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Experimental study on a novel affinity adsorbent for removal of endotoxin in plasma].

In this paper, the adsorbent properties of Polymyxin B immobilized polystyrene microbeads to remove endotoxin from plasma were studied and the factors that affected the absorption of endotoxin were discussed. The rat models of endotoxemia were established, which were used in hemoperfusion. The experiment results indicated that the novel affinity adsorbent could remove endotoxin from plasma effectively. Moreover, the results also showed that Polymyxin B immobilized polystyrene microbeads was a fine biomaterial of hemoperfusion as well as exhibited a satisfactory blood compatibility.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2006

[A IL-6R antagonist 2520A produced by a fungal species].

AIM: To isolate IL-6R antagonists from the cultured broth of the strain Torulomyces ovatus. METHODS: Various column chromatographyes were used to separate and purify the compounds with IL-6R antagonist activity. The spectral data and physic-chemical properties were measured for structure identification. RESULTS: One compound namely 2520 was isolated from the cultured broth of Torulomyces ovatus. CONCLUSION: 2520A is a known compound (ferrichrome). It is first reported about its antagonistic activity of IL-6R and identification of iron atom in its structure.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2006

[Expression and significance of toll like receptor 4 mRNA and nuclear factor-kappaB p50 mRNA in human normal nasal mucosa after stimulation by lipopolysaccharide].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of Toll like receptor (TLR)4 mRNA and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p50 mRNA in human normal nasal mucosal cell before and after stimulation by LPS. METHODS: The tissue was obtained from 15 normal middle turbinates (without rhinosinusitis). Every tissue was cultured in vitro, divided into 2 specimens. LPS was added into 15 specimens as LPS group and not added into other 15 specimens as control group. The pathomorphological characters of nasal mucosal cells were observed under optical microscope after stimulation by LPS. The expression of TLR4 mRNA and NF-kappaB p50 mRNA in normal human nasal mucosal cells were evaluated by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Normal mucociliary agglutinated and mucosal cells were enlarged after stimulation by LPS; The expression of TLR4 mRNA in LPS group was higher than control group obviously. Their average density of light was 1.283 +/- 0.027 in LPS group while 0.538 +/- 0.038 in control group, and there was statistical significance between the two groups (t = 1.761, P < 0.05). The expression of NF-kappaB p50 mRNA was higher than control group obviously, and expressed in cellular nucleus predominantly. Their average density of light was 1. 668 +/- 0.037 in LPS group while 0. 372 +/- 0.052 in control group, and there was statistical significance between the two groups (t = 2. 624, P < 0. 01). CONCLUSIONS: LPS can activate the NF-kappaB p50 of human nasal mucosal cells through TLR4, and it may play some roles in stimulating and damage effect induced by LPS in nasal mucosal cells.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Advances in primary thyroid lymphoma].

Primary thyroid lymphomas (PTLs) are closely correlated with the autoimmune reaction of thyroid. However, the molecular mechanisms of PTLs are still unclear. It is really necessary to improve the ability to differentiate between benign and malignant PTLs along with the introduction of some new molecular biology methods. The diagnosis and prognosis of PTLs depend on their histological features, pathological classification, and clinical stages. Customized therapy of PTLs becomes possible with the further advances in lymphoma's pathological classification, clinical stages, and international prognosis index standard.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

Combination of calcium ionophore A23187 with puromycin salvages human unfertilized oocytes after ICSI.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether oocyte activation using a combination of calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187) with puromycin could salvage human unfertilized oocytes after ICSI. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred and thirteen discarded unfertilized oocytes 20-68 h after ICSI were assigned to four groups: ICSI 20-h group, ICSI 44-h group, ICSI 68-h group and control. All unfertilized oocytes were exposed to A23187 (5 microM) for 5 min and subsequently were incubated with puromycin (10 microg/ml) for 4 h. Sex chromosomal analysis was performed by dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS: The combination of A23187 with puromycin could activate the unfertilized oocytes 20-68 h after ICSI. The best results were achieved in the ICSI 20-h group, which exhibited an activation rate of 91.2% (31/34), a cleavage rate of 64.7% (22/34) and 44.1% (15/34) high-quality embryos. The activation rate, cleavage rate and the number of high-quality embryos appeared to decrease with the cultured time of unfertilized oocytes after ICSI. FISH analysis showed six embryos with XX and seven embryos with XY in 16 embryos derived from 2PN2PB. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of calcium ionophore A23187 with puromycin could effectively salvage unfertilized oocytes within 20 h after ICSI.

Calcimycin↗

PubMed2005

Fabricating RNA microarrays with RNA-DNA surface ligation chemistry.

A novel surface attachment strategy that utilizes RNA-DNA surface ligation chemistry to create renewable RNA microarrays from single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) microarrays on gold surfaces is demonstrated. The enzyme T4 DNA ligase was used to catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester bond between 5'-phosphate-modified ssDNA attached to the surface and the 3'-hydroxyl group of unlabeled RNA molecules from solution in the presence of a complementary template DNA strand. Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) measurements were performed to characterize the ligation process as well as to verify the bioactivity of the ssRNA microarray in terms of (i) the hybridization adsorption of complementary DNA onto the RNA array to form a surface RNA-DNA heteroduplex and (ii) the hydrolysis of the RNA microarrays with either ribonuclease S or ribonuclease H (RNase H). The hydrolysis of the surface-bound RNA with RNase H required the presence of a surface heteroduplex and, upon completion, regenerated the original 5'-phosphate-terminated ssDNA array elements. These ssDNA array elements could be ligated again to create a new RNA microarray. These RNA microarrays can be used in the study of RNA-protein/RNA/aptamer bioaffinity interactions and for the enzymatically amplified SPRI detection of DNA in the presence of RNase H.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2005

Clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of MMP-7 (matrilysin) expression in human rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: There is increasing evidence to indicate that MMP-7 plays a more important role in tumor progression than other MMPs. The aim of this study was to detect MMP-7 expression in human rectal cancer and normal rectal tissue and to determine whether it is correlated with invasion and metastasis of human rectal cancer. METHODS: Eighty-six paired samples of rectal cancer and distant normal rectal tissue obtained from 100 inpatients were allocated into two groups (cancer group and control group). MMP-7 mRNA was detected by relative quantitative real-time RT-PCR and MMP-7 protein was examined by immunohistochemical staining and computerized image analysis. RESULTS: MMP-7 mRNA expression in cancer group was higher than that in control group (P = 0.006), the expression ratios of 31 samples (37.35%) were <1 and 52 (62.65%) were >1. The mRNA expression level was correlated with Dukes Staging, histological differentiation grade and CEA level. The MMP-7 protein expression was in accordance with mRNA expression level. The positive degree of immunohistochemical staining in cancer group (1.82 +/- 0.03) was different from that in control group (1.17 +/- 0.13, P = 0.002). Moreover, in cancer group the positive staining degree in high-level mRNA cancers (2.04 +/- 0.18, n = 52) was higher than that in low-level mRNA ones (1.58 +/- 0.23, n = 31, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that MMP-7 plays an important role in the progression of human rectal cancer. MMP-7 may be selected as a clinical diagnosis and prognosis index in rectal cancer.

Chi-Square Distribution↗

PubMed2005

Enzymatically amplified surface plasmon resonance imaging detection of DNA by exonuclease III digestion of DNA microarrays.

This paper describes a novel approach utilizing the enzyme exonuclease III in conjunction with 3'-terminated DNA microarrays for the amplified detection of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging. When ExoIII and target DNA are simultaneously introduced to a 3'-terminated ssDNA microarray, hybridization adsorption of the target ssDNA leads to the direction-dependent ExoIII hydrolysis of probe ssDNA strands and the release of the intact target ssDNA back into the solution. Readsorption of the target ssDNA to another probe creates a repeated hydrolysis process that results over time in a significant negative change in SPR imaging signal. Experiments are presented that demonstrate the direction-dependent surface enzyme reaction of ExoIII with double-stranded DNA as well as this new enzymatically amplified SPR imaging process with a 16-mer target ssDNA detection limit of 10-100 pM. This is a 10(2)-10(3) improvement on previously reported measurements of SPR imaging detection of ssDNA based solely on hybridization adsorption without enzymatic amplification.

DNA↗

PubMed2005

[Allograft replacement in management of giant cell tumor of bone: a report of 77 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional outcome and the complications of allograft replacement in management of giant cell tumors of bone. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients who underwent bone tumor resection and massive allograft reconstruction of bone defects between 1992 and 2002 were evaluated. The length of the resected part ranged from 5 to 11 centimeters. Fresh-frozen allografts were employed as osteoarticular grafts (n = 47), hemi-condylar (n = 12), massive (n = 14) or allograft-prosthesis composite (n = 4). Most of the lesions located in proximal and distal femur, proximal tibia and humerus. The oncological parameters that were evaluated including survival of the patient, local recurrence, and metastasis. The radiographic parameters included time to union, stability of the joint, fracture of the allograft. Mankin evaluation system was used to assess functional outcome. RESULTS: At a median of 35 months (range from 12 to 135 months) after the operation, 76 of the patients in the study group were free of disease, and one had died of disease. Eleven (14.1%) patients had local recurrence and 12 (15.4%) nonunion. Late complications included 5 (6.4%) fractures of the allograft and 5 (6.4%) infections of the graft. Instability of the joint in the form of subluxation was noted in 5 (6.4%) patients. One extremity were amputated due to local recurrence. On the basis of Mankin functional evaluation, the total satisfied rate was 83.2 percent. Osteoarticular graft got the highest score (91.5%) and hemi-condylar got the lowest (66.6%). Massive grafts and composite were at the middle (ranges from 71.4% to 75%). CONCLUSION: Allografts offer many types of reconstruction for bony defects after tumor resection. The functional results are comparable to other methods of reconstruction, and once incorporated by the host, offer the advantage of longevity. It is also a method with high complication, and decreasing the complications could improve the functional score. Less resection could get better reconstruction and better function, less margin resulted at the same time. The risk of recurrence increases when less surgical margin achieves. The main end-result-influencing factor is local recurrence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Dynamic expression of apoptosis-related genes during development of laboratory hepatocellular carcinoma and its relation to apoptosis.

AIM: To explore the expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, survivin and the cell apoptosis during the development of tree shrew hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the relationship between expression of these genes, its impact on HCC development, and its relation to cell apoptosis. METHODS: Tree shrew HCC was induced with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and regular biopsy of liver tissues was carried out and the biopsy tissues were collected during cancer inducement. Liver biopsy tissue and HCC tissue were collected from 35 pre-cancerous experimental animals at wk 30 and 60 and at the 30th-, 60th-, and 90th-wk. Liver biopsy tissues were collected from 13 blank control animals at wk 30, 60, and 90. Expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, and survivin at each stage was examined by immunohistochemistry method. Apoptotic cells were detected in situ by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique. RESULTS: The apoptosis rate of normal hepatic cells was extremely low, whereas it increased during the formation of HCC. Expression of the apoptosis-related genes p53, bcl-2, bax, and survivin during the formation of HCC presented an increasing tendency. Expression of p53 did not noticeably relate to that of bcl-2, bax, and survivin, whereas expression of bcl-2 and bax was closely related. In HCC, p53 did not present a distinct relation to cell apoptosis, whereas its high level expression was probably related to liver cell proliferation. Survivin negatively correlated apoptosis index, and its overexpression could inhibit cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Apoptosis-related genes p53, bcl-2, bax, and survivin are all related to the occurrence of HCC. The anti-apoptosis effect of bcl-2 is influenced by bax, and ratio bcl/bax reflects more correctly the extent of cell apoptosis.

Aflatoxin B1↗

PubMed2005

CD8+ T cell depletion amplifies hepatitis C virus replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

We investigated the ability of CD8+ T cells to inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs isolated from 11 of 20 HCV-infected subjects had no detectable HCV RNA. Removal of CD8+ T cells from these PBMCs resulted in detection of HCV RNA, and depletion of CD8+ T cells from PBMCs that had detectable HCV RNA amplified HCV replication. Reconstitution of CD8- PBMCs with autologous CD8+ T cells led to inhibition of HCV replication. Interferon-gamma produced by CD8+ T cells was partially responsible for CD8+ T cell-mediated noncytotoxic anti-HCV activity in PBMCs. This noncytotoxic anti-HCV activity was confirmed in HCV replicon cells. Supernatants from CD8+ T cell cultures inhibited HCV RNA expression in the replicon cells. These findings may have important implications for the immunopathogenesis of HCV in both immune and hepatic cells and are relevant to the development of host innate immunity-based anti-HCV interventions.

Antiviral Agents↗

PubMed2005

Establishment of a Fast Chemical Identification System for screening of counterfeit drugs of macrolide antibiotics.

A Fast Chemical Identification System (FCIS) consisting of two colour reactions based on functional groups in molecules of macrolide antibiotics and two TLC methods was developed for screening of fake macrolide drugs. The active ingredients could be extracted from their oral preparations by absolute alcohol. Sulfuric acid reaction as a common reaction of macrolides was first used to distinguish the macrolides from other types of drugs and then 16-membered macrolides and 14-membered ones were distinguished by potassium permanganate reactions depending on the time of loss of colour in the test solution; after which a TLC method carried out on a GF(254) plate (5 cm x 10 cm) was chosen to further identification of the macrolides. The mobile phase A consisting of ethyl acetate, hexane and ammonia (100:15:15, v/v) was used for the identification of 14-membered macrolides, and the mobile phase B consisting of trichloromethane, methanol and ammonia (100:5:1, v/v) was used for the identification of 16-membered ones. A suspected counterfeit macrolide preparation can be identified within 40 min. The system can be used under different conditions and has the virtues of robustness, simplicity and speed.

Ammonia↗

PubMed2005

[Regional modulation of primary motor cortex after peripheral nerve injury: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study].

OBJECTIVE: To map dynamic changes of primary motor cortex after total brachial plexus traction injury by using functional magnetic resonance imaging, and to explore underlying probable mechanisms. METHODS: Five patients with total traumatic root avulsions of the brachial plexus underwent varied kinds of nerve transfer to restore partially shoulder or elbow function. Four of them (cases 1, 3, 4, 5) accepted the first fMRI examination prior to surgery treatment, and four of them (cases 2, 3, 4, 5) accepted second or third or fourth fMRI follow-up re-examinations after surgery treatment. Maps of neuronal activation within the motor cortex were generated for both hands in each patient by using BOLD-fMRI and the cluster size and position were recorded. The motor tasks consisted of simple hand grasping of both hands respectively. Patients with paralytic hand were asked to complete task under "virtual" condition. The cluster size and intensity as well as location of motor activation within the primary motor cortex of the affected hand generated were compared with those of unaffected hand generated as reference in single subject, and the resultant maps of follow-up re-examinations were also compared with those of the prior examinations. RESULTS: All patients' unaffected hand movement generated strong signal change within the contralateral primary motor cortex. In contrast, the clusters generated by affected hand showed very small and lower intensity than usual (2 cases) or could not be induced (2 case) in the first examination that prior to surgery treatment and seemed larger gradually in the following re-examination with time increasing. CONCLUSION: Peripheral nerve injury can produced significant changes in the motor cortex of human brain. fMRI is a valuable tool to evaluate neural plasticity in motor cortex after peripheral nerve injury.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Angiotensin II-evoked enhanced expression of RGS2 attenuates Gi-mediated adenylyl cyclase signaling in A10 cells.

OBJECTIVE: We have recently shown that pretreatment of A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with angiotensin II (Ang II) for 24 h enhanced the expression of Gialpha-proteins, however, Gialpha-mediated adenylyl cyclase signaling was attenuated. Since regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) have been shown to negatively regulate the Galpha-protein, we investigated the role of RGS2, in Ang II-induced attenuation of Gialpha-mediated signaling in A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). METHODS: A10 VSMC were incubated with Ang II (10(-7) M) for different periods of time at 37 degrees C. The levels of G-proteins and RGS2 protein were determined by immunoblotting using specific antibodies. Adenylyl cyclase activity stimulated or inhibited by agonists was determined to examine the functions of G-proteins. RESULTS: Ang II treatment of A10 VSMC enhanced the expression of Gialpha and RGS2 proteins in a time-dependent manner, the maximal expression of Gialpha-proteins was observed at 1 h that remained elevated up to 24 h, whereas enhanced expression of RGS2 in these cells was detected at 1 h, peaked at 2 h and returned to base line level by 8 h. The increased expression of RGS2 by Ang II was inhibited by actinomycin D. The increased expression of Gialpha at 30 min when the levels of RGS2 were not augmented was reflected in increased Gi functions as was demonstrated by increased inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by inhibitory hormones (receptor-dependent functions) and increased inhibition of forskolin (FSK)-stimulated adenylyl cyclase by GTPgammaS (receptor-independent functions). However, with increased expression of RGS2, the Gi-mediated functions started declining and were completely abolished at 2 h of treatment when the levels of RGS2 were maximally augmented. Furthermore, prior treatment of cells with RGS2 antibody, that completely attenuated Ang II-induced expression of RGS2, prevented the GTPgammaS-induced attenuation of FSK-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. In addition, treatment of the cells with Ang II for 30 min that increased the levels of Gialpha-protein and not of RGS2 protein resulted in the attenuation of Gsalpha-mediated isoproterenol-induced stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and this attenuation was restored to control level at 1 h and remained unchanged thereafter. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that RGS2 may be involved in short-term regulation of Ang II-induced Gi-mediated adenylyl cyclase signalling.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗

PubMed2005

Specific cleavage of Mcl-1 by caspase-3 in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia T cells.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces programmed cell death through the caspase activation cascade and translocation of cleaved Bid (tBid) by the apical caspase-8 to mitochondria to induce oligomerization of multidomain Bax and Bak. However, the roles of prosurvival Bcl-2 family proteins in TRAIL apoptosis remain elusive. Here we showed that, besides the specific cleavage and activation of Bid by caspase-8 and caspase-3, TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells required the specific cleavage of Mcl-1 at Asp-127 and Asp-157 by caspase-3, while other prototypic antiapoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 or Bcl-X(L) seemed not to be affected. Mutation at Asp-127 and Asp-157 of Mcl-1 led to cellular resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In sharp contrast to cycloheximide-induced Mcl-1 dilapidation, TRAIL did not activate proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 in Jurkat cells. We further established for the first time that the C-terminal domain of Mcl-1 became proapoptotic as a result of caspase-3 cleavage, and its physical interaction and cooperation with tBid, Bak, and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 promoted mitochondrial apoptosis. These results suggested that removal of N-terminal domains of Bid by caspase-8 and Mcl-1 by caspase-3 enabled the maximal mitochondrial perturbation that potentiated TRAIL-induced apoptosis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2005

Hepatitis C virus inhibits intracellular interferon alpha expression in human hepatic cell lines.

The chronicity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection raises the question of how HCV is able to persist in hepatic cells. We show that human primary hepatocytes and human hepatic cell lines (Huh7 and HepG2) spontaneously produce interferon (IFN)-alpha that is inhibited in the HCV replicon cells (Huh.8 and FCA-1). Silencing IFN-alpha gene expression by IFN-alpha small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the HCV replicon cells resulted in increased HCV replicon expression. The activation of IFN-alpha expression by interferon regulatory factor (IRF-7) led to the inhibition of HCV replicon expression, whereas the anti-IFN-alpha receptor antibody could partially block IRF-7-mediated HCV replicon inhibition. In addition, the blockade of IFN-alpha receptor by anti-IFN-alpha receptor antibody on the replicon cells increased HCV replicon expression. Among the HCV nonstructural (NS) proteins tested, NS5A is the most potent inhibitor of IFN-alpha expression by the hepatic cells. Investigation of the mechanism of HCV action on IFN-alpha showed that IRF-7-induced IFN-alpha promoter activation was inhibited in the HCV replicon cells. Furthermore, IRF-7 expression was restricted in the HCV replicon cells. In conclusion, we provide direct evidence that HCV undermines the intracellular innate immunity of the target cells, which may account for HCV persistence in hepatic cells.

Cells, Cultured↗