Biomedical subjects

Yu-Chien Shiau

Publications and source records attributed to Yu-Chien Shiau.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Discordance between dipyridamole stress technetium-99m tetrofosmin single photon emission computed tomography and coronary angiography in patients with Kawasaki disease.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis syndrome of unknown etiology that mainly affects the coronary arteries. The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between dipyridamole stress technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Tc-TF) myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and coronary angiography in these patients. Twenty-nine children with KD were included in this study. All of the 29 children also received dipyridamole stress Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT within 1 month of their coronary angiographic studies. The results showed that (1) 89.7% of children had negative coronary angiographic findings without significant coronary stenoses, and 10.3% of children had positive coronary angiographic findings with significant coronary stenosis; (2) 44.8% of children had negative Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT findings without abnormal myocardial perfusion, and 55.2% of children had positive Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT findings with abnormal myocardial perfusion; (3) 44.8% of children had both normal coronary angiographic and Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT findings, and 10.3% of children had both abnormal coronary angiographic and Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT findings; and (4) There was no significant agreement between coronary angiographic and Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT findings. We concluded that poor agreement exists between coronary angiographic and Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT findings with coronary stenoses and abnormal myocardial perfusion in children with KD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Prediction of chemotherapy response in untreated malignant lymphomas using technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scan: comparison with P-glycoprotein expression and other prognostic factors. A preliminary peport.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to predict chemotherapy response in untreated malignant lymphomas using technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-MIBI) scan. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with malignant lymphoma were studied before receiving chemotherapy. Early Tc-MIBI scan was performed 10 min after intravenous injection of Tc-MIBI. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on multiple non-consecutive sections of the biopsy specimens to determine Pgp expression. Chemotherapy response was evaluated in the first 1-2 years after completion of treatment by clinical and radiological methods. RESULTS: The mean tumor-to-background ratio of the 15 patients with good response (3.3 +/- 0.6) was significantly higher than that of the 10 patients with poor response (1.2 +/- 0.1). Among the 15 patients with good response to chemotherapy, all had positive Tc-MIBI scan results but negative Pgp expression. Among the 10 patients who had poor response to chemotherapy, all 10 had negative Tc-MIBI scan, but six patients had positive Pgp expression and four had negative Pgp expression. Significant differences were found in the incidences of good and poor responses determined by Tc-MIBI scan and Pgp expression. However, there were no significant differences in the incidences of good and poor responses for other prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Compared with other prognostic factors, early Tc-MIBI scan more accurately predicts chemotherapy response in patients with malignant lymphoma.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed2002

Lung uptake of technetium-99m tetrofosmin in healthy subjects is related to smoking habits.

To determine the influence of smoking on lung uptake of technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Tc-TF) during myocardial perfusion imaging, we examined 50 healthy subjects with normal myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography findings, normal coronary angiograms, and no evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. The 50 healthy subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1: 25 healthy subjects had smoking histories of at least 10 pack-years. Group 2: 25 healthy subjects were nonsmokers. Lung to heart ratios (L/H ratios) calculated from anterior planar images during exercise and rest states of Tc-TF myocardial perfusion imaging were obtained for all of the 50 healthy subjects. L/H ratios calculated from Tc-TF myocardial perfusion imaging in smokers were significantly higher than in nonsmokers during both exercise and rest states. However, no significant difference in L/H ratios was found between exercise and rest states in smokers and nonsmokers. In addition, a positive but nonsignificant correlation was found between smoking pack-years and either rest or exercise L/H ratios. When L/H ratios are used as a clinical diagnostic tool in Tc-TF myocardial perfusion imaging, we must consider that L/H ratios in smokers are higher than in nonsmokers.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Improvement of esophageal and gastric motility after 2-week treatment of oral erythromycin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Forty-five patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were enrolled in the study. Before and after the 2-week treatment course of oral erythromycin, esophageal (the mean transit time, MTT) and gastric motility (the halftime of gastric emptying, GETt1/2) were evaluated by radionuclide labeled liquid and solid meals. Meanwhile, the fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were monitored. After a 2-week erythromycin treatment, MTT shortened from 9.32+/-1.12 to 6.28+/-0.91 s and GETt1/2 shortened from 210.2+/-24.3 to 128.3+/-30.1 min. Meanwhile, FBS decreased from 198.2+/-30.1 to 121.5+/-21.3 mg/dl (P value <.05). We conclude that a 2-week treatment course of oral erythromycin can significantly improve esophageal and gastric motility which results in a better control of blood sugar in patients with NIDDM.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Usefulness of captopril renography to predict the benefits of renal artery revascularization or captopril treatment in hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy.

This retrospective study aimed to use captopril renography (CR) for predicting the benefits of captopril treatment in hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy. CR was utilized in 60 hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy for detecting the probability of renovascular hypertension (RVH) and predicting the benefits of renal artery revascularization or captopril treatment. Ten of the 60 patients showed a high probability of RVH with marked changes of the renogram curve after an oral intake of 50-mg captopril compared to baseline findings. All of the 10 patients confirmed significant main renal artery stenosis in all of them, bilaterally in four patients and unilaterally in the remaining six patients by renal angiographic findings. After successful revascularization, blood pressure was well controlled and renal function was preserved in all of the 10 patients. The other 50 patients showed a low or intermediate probability of RVH with normal findings or unchanged on CR after 50-mg captopril. Then, captopril alone or combination treatment started and continued on 50 patients. After monitoring for at least 6 months, blood pressure was well controlled and renal function was preserved in all the 50 patients on captopril treatment. We conclude that CR should be considered as the standard diagnostic criteria of RVH and may be helpful in predicting the beneficial impact of captopril treatment in hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Age of Onset↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using technetium-99m-tetrofosmin scan to predict chemotherapy response of malignant lymphomas, compared with P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance related protein expression.

The ability of technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Tc-TF) scan to predict chemotherapy response in malignant lymphomas (ML) was compared with the predictive ability of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance related protein (MRP) expression. Before chemotherapy, 25 ML patients were enrolled in this study. Scans were performed 10 min after intravenous injection of Tc-TF. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on ML specimen sections to evaluate Pgp and MRP expression. Chemotherapy response was evaluated in the first 1-2 years after completion of chemotherapy. Based on Tc-TF scan results, the mean tumor-to-background (T/B) ratio of the 15 patients with good response (3.23 +/- 0.56) was significantly higher than that of the 10 patients with poor response (1.18 +/- 0.11). All 15 patients with good response had positive Tc-TF scan results but negative Pgp and MRP expression. All 10 patients with poor response had negative Tc-TF scan results but positive Pgp or MRP expression. No significant differences in the incidences of good and poor response results were found for patients with Hodgkin's disease versus non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with stage I-II versus stage III-IV, with age > 40 versus age < or = 40 years, or with B symptoms versus without B symptoms. Tc-TF scan results, which may represent either Pgp or MRP expression, accurately predict chemotherapy response in patients with ML.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Whole-body 18F-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in primary staging small cell lung cancer.

The purpose of this study was investigate the role of 18F-2deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in staging small cell lung cancer (SCLC), its efficacy for the discrimination of limited disease (LD) and extensive disease (ED) stages and its regional sensitivity for different metastatic locations. Twenty-five patients with histologically confirmed SCLC and 42 radiologically-staged tumor sites were retrospectively investigated. The LD sample included 10 patients while the ED included 15 patients. All of the 25 primary tumor sites (100%) were visualized and 41 out of 42 (97.6%) of the metastases could be identified, but FDG-PET was needed for anatomical localization. The efficacy of FDG-PET was studied in the staging of SCLC patients and compared with the initial staging of conventional modality findings. FDG-PET down-staged (from ED to LD) one case and up-staged (from LD to ED) one case of SCLC. In summary, all of the patients with ED were correctly staged by FDG-PET alone. We conclude that FDG-PET is a substantial tool in the staging work-up of SCLC if it is performed initially to allow fast identification of patients with extensive disease stages and thus saves additional radiological or invasive examinations. Our preliminary results support the usefulness of whole body FDG-PET for staging SCLC.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison between technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamineoxide labeled white blood cell abdomen scan and abdominal sonography to detect appendicitis in female patients with an atypical clinical presentation.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acute appendicitis is a clinically challenging surgical disease which is particularly difficult to diagnosis in women. An atypical presentation is a major obstacle to quickly diagnose acute appendicitis. METHODOLOGY: Fifty female patients with acute abdomen pain who were suspected of having appendicitis, but who had atypical findings were included in this study. After an intravenous injection of technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamineoxide (Tc-99m HMPAO) labeled white blood cells, serial anterior abdomen-pelvis images at 30 min, 60 min, 120 min and 240 min were obtained using a gamma camera. Meanwhile, at the point of maximal tenderness, abdominal sonography was performed with a graded compression technique for both longitudinal and transverse images. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients received a laparotomy for surgical and pathological diagnoses. The remaining 18 patients did not receive operations and showed no evidence of appendicitis after at least a one-month follow-up period. Two patients had false-positive white blood cell scan findings and 2 patients had false-negative white blood cell scan findings. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for white blood cell scans in diagnosing appendicitis was 93.3%, 90.0%, 92.0%, respectively. One patient had false-positive abdominal sonographic finding and 5 patients had false-negative abdominal sonographic findings. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for abdominal sonography scans in diagnosing appendicitis were 83.3%, 95.0%, and 88.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Tc-99m HMPAO white blood cell scan provides a more sensitive and accurate method for the diagnosis of appendicitis in female patients with equivocal clinical presentation when compared with abdominal sonography.

Abdomen↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The usefulness of technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamineoxide labeled white blood cell abdomen scan to differentiate periappendiceal abscess from acute appendicitis--a preliminary report.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study is to assess the usefulness of Tc-HMPAO (technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamineoxide) labeled white blood cells abdomen scan to differentiate acute appendicitis from periappendiceal abscess. METHODOLOGY: Forty-five patients with atypical symptoms and signs of appendicitis were included in this preliminary study. At 4 hours after an intravenous injection of Tc-HMPAO labeled white blood cells, static images over the anterior abdomen were obtained using a gamma camera. Two regions of interest were selected, one was over the lumbar spine and the other was over the appendiceal area. The mean count ratio of the appendiceal area over the mean pixel count of the lumbar spine was calculated. Sixteen patients were diagnosed with acute appendicitis and 19 patients with periappendiceal abscess by final operative findings. Meanwhile, the other 10 patients with acute abdomen but with no appendicitis served as controls. RESULTS: The mean count ratio of controls, acute appendicitis and periappendiceal abscess was 0.65 +/- 0.05, 0.82 +/- 0.07, and 1.25 +/- 0.11, respectively. If the mean count ratio > or = 1.00 was defined as the cutoff value to diagnose periappendiceal abscess, the specificity and the positive predictive value was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that Tc-HMPAO white blood cells abdomen scan should be a potential tool to differentiate periappendiceal abscess from acute appendicitis.

Abdominal Abscess↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The usefulness of technetium-99m tetrofosmin scan to detect non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Tc-99m tetrofosmin (Tc-99m TF) scan to detect Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Before any therapy, 26 patients with NHL were included in this study to undergo Tc-99m TF scan. Whole body Tc-99m TF scan was performed 10 minutes after intravenous injection of 20 mCi Tc-99m TF. Tc-99m TF scan could detect NHL in 22 (84.6%) patients. However, there were no significant differences in the incidences of positive and negative Tc-99m TF scan results between female versus male patients, age > 40 years and < or = 40 years patients, stage I-II versus stage III-IV patients and patients with versus without B symptoms (p values > 0.05). Four (15.4%) infradiaphragmatic NHL had false-negative Tc-99m TF scan results. We concluded that the Tc-99m TF scan is a potential tool to detect supradiaphragmatic NHL.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of bladder cancer using single-photon emission computed tomography of thallium-201: a preliminary report.

Thallium-201 (Tl-201) is a recognized tumor-imaging agent; however, the usefulness of Tl-201 in bladder cancer has not been studied. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the potential usefulness of Tl-201 in detecting bladder cancer. A total of 14 patients (11 men and 3 women ranging in age from 49 to 80 years) with bladder cancer were arranged for Tl-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the pelvis. All of the patients had transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Meanwhile, 7 normal controls (5 men and 2 women; age range: 45-79 years) without any history of pelvic disease also accepted Tl-201 SPECT of the pelvis for comparison. In the result, Tl-201 pelvic SPECT detected bladder cancer in all 14 patients (100.0%). In contrast, all 7 normal controls (100.0%) had negative results of Tl-201 pelvic SPECT. Our study showed that the Tl-201 pelvic SPECT scan could be considered as a useful non-invasive imaging method in detection of bladder cancer.

Aged↗