Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Yoshiyuki Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshiyuki Ohno.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effectiveness of cervical cancer screening over cervical cancer mortality among Japanese women.

BACKGROUND: Various studies have revealed that cervical cancer (CC) screening significantly reduces both CC incidence and mortality in developed countries. Although Japan introduced a nationwide government funded annual CC screening for the women aged 30+ in 1982, the effectiveness of CC screening on CC mortality has not yet been evaluated by any prospective cohort study. Therefore, the present study evaluated the association of CC mortality with self-reported CC screening and some other factors by a nationwide cohort study. METHODS: Baseline survey of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for the enrollment of subjects was completed during 1988-90 and followed until 2003. This study only analyzed 63,541 women, aged 30-79 years, who were free from any cancer history at enrollment. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 38 CC deaths were identified. The mean age at mortality was 67.0 years, with a mortality rate of 4.2 per 100,000 person-years. Participation rate in CC screening was 46.9%. Age-adjusted Cox model indicated significantly lower CC mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12-0.74] due to CC screening. Protectiveness remained almost the same (HR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.12-0.76) when adjusted for age, body mass index and number of deliveries. The results also revealed that CC screening could reduce at least 50% of CC deaths even after excluding the effect of possible self-selection bias. CONCLUSIONS: CC screening in Japan may reduce CC mortality significantly for women aged 30-79 years. However, further studies with more CC deaths and increased statistical power are needed to validate the findings.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A scoring system to predict renal outcome in IgA nephropathy: from a nationwide prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is the most common form of glomerulonephritis in the world, and a substantial number of patients develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although there are several prognostic indicators, it remains difficult to predict the renal outcome in individual patients. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 97 clinical units in Japan from 1995 to 2002. We analysed the data from 2269 patients using proportional hazards models in order to determine the predictors of ESRD in IgA nephropathy and to develop a scoring system to estimate ESRD risk. RESULTS: During the follow-up (median, 77 months), 207 patients developed ESRD. Systolic hypertension, proteinuria, hypoproteinaemia, azotaemia and a high histological grade at initial renal biopsy were independently associated with the risk of ESRD. Mild haematuria predisposed patients to ESRD more than severe haematuria. A scoring system was developed to estimate the 7-year ESRD risk from eight clinical and pathological variables. Actually, this prognostic score accurately classified patients by risk: patients with estimates of 0.0-0.9, 1.0-4.9, 5.0-19.9, 20.0-49.9, and 50.0-100.0% had a 0.2, 2.4, 12.2, 40.2 and 80.8% of ESRD incidence over 7 years, respectively. The corresponding area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.939 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.921-0.958]. This score was verified in repetitions of the derivation-validation technique. CONCLUSIONS: Although the quality of some data collected by the mail survey is limited and the influence of therapy could not be considered, this scoring system will serve as a useful prognostic tool for IgA nephropathy in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of pharmacokinetic data provided in Japanese package inserts and interview forms focusing on urinary excretion of pharmacologically active species.

In optimizing oral pharmacotherapy for patients with renal failure, information on actual urinary excretion ratio of the unchanged drug, which is obtained by dividing a urinary excretion ratio by a bioavailability after oral dose, is quite helpful. In addition, urinary excretion ratio of the active species is sometimes equally important where metabolites have a pharmacological potency. In the present study, we conducted a survey of Japanese package inserts and interview forms of drugs, which is being prescribed at the University of Tokyo Hospital, on pharmacokinetic data that enables an estimation of actual urinary excretion ratio. The total urinary excretion of a drug was documented in 70.1% of package inserts and 84.5% of interview forms, respectively. The total urinary excretion is often measured by radioactivity and thus includes its metabolites and degradation products. However, inclusion of degradation products/metabolites was described explicitly for 43.7% and 66.2%, and the absolute fraction of the unchanged drug or degradation product/metabolite was given only for 29.0% and 48.9% in package inserts and interview forms, respectively. The pharmacological activity of metabolite(s) was documented for 19.8% and 54.3%, and the oral bioavailability was described only for 5.7% and 30.6% in respective documents. For some drugs, the time period for the urine collection was too short to evaluate the urinary excretion ratio. With regard to 65 drugs (38.7%), more detailed information on urinary excretion was found in published books, but not provided in the package inserts or interview forms. It is hoped that more distinct and sufficient descriptions on the urinary excretion and bioavailability will be associated to the package inserts and the interview forms in future, for safe and efficient use of prescription drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Treatment of osteochondral fracture of the trochlea of the PIP joint.

INTRODUCTION: Osteochondral (OC) fractures of the trochlea of the PIP joint are rare but the treatment of these fractures can be challenging [2, 5, 6, 10]. And the therapeutic guideline is not determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All of the three cases were male. Two were delayed union with minimal displacement and the other was a fresh displaced fracture. All cases were treated with ORIF using small K-wires. In delayed union cases, bone grafting was added. RESULTS: Although bone union was obtained in all cases, rotation of the fragment due to the absorption of the grafted bone resulted in deformity of the trochlea in one of the delayed union cases. The functional recovery at the 2-year follow-up was satisfactory in all cases. CONCLUSION: Although OC fracture of the trochlea of PIP joint carry significant fixation implications, successful treatment could be done with ORIF using small K-wire fixation technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Nutritional factors and risk of pancreatic cancer: a population-based case-control study based on direct interview in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Few epidemiologic studies have examined the role of nutrient intake in the development of pancreatic cancer in Japan. We addressed this association in a population-based case-control study. METHODS: The cases were 109 patients who were newly diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between January 2000 and March 2002, and controls were selected by a random procedure from the general population. Data on dietary intake were collected by in-person interview, with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire. The risk of pancreatic cancer associated with nutrient intake was estimated by using the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from a conditional logistic model. RESULTS: A statistically positive trend in risk was observed with increasing cholesterol intake, with subjects in the highest tertile experiencing a two fold increased risk (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.11-3.85; Ptrend = 0.02). Vitamin C intake was negatively associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. The OR was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.22-0.94) for subjects in the highest tertile compared to the lowest tertile (Ptrend = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that high cholesterol intake is significantly associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer and that high vitamin C intake decreases the risk of pancreatic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The relationships of gender, cigarette smoking, and hypertension with the risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case-control study in Nagoya, Japan.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship of gender, cigarette smoking, and a history of hypertension to the risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), using a case-control study. METHODS: Case subjects consisted of a consecutive series of 201 patients with spontaneous SAH with aneurysm(s) confirmed by angiography and/or CT scan. One hospital and one community control subject was matched to each case by gender and age (+/- 2 years). Multiple conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Current smoking and a history of hypertension were each significantly associated with an increased risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage for men and women combined. There was also a non-significant trend towards synergism between these two factors with respect to an increased risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage for each gender separately and both combined. A significantly increased risk was observed for a history of hypertension (adjusted OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2-14.7) among men, for current smoking alone (adjusted OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1-7.7), and a history of hypertension alone (adjusted OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4-5.1) among women. CONCLUSIONS: Trends towards gender differences and synergism emerged in the relationship of cigarette smoking and a history of hypertension of the risk of SAH provides useful information for targeting individuals/populations in programs for the primary prevention of SAH by gender.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of systemic effect of topically applied timolol maleate ophthalmic gelling vehicle (Rysmon TG).

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of systemic absorption and the systemic side effect after instillation of timolol maleate ophthalmic gelling vehicle in human. METHODS: A volunteer study was employed, and a randomized crossover design with the two phases was used. In one phase, the volunteers instilled a single drop of the 0.5% timolol maleate ophthalmic gelling vehicle; in the other phase, the volunteers instilled a single drop of the 0.5% timolol maleate ophthalmic solution. The plasma concentration of timolol and the heart rates were studied during the following 120 min and 60 min, respectively. RESULTS: The area under the blood concentration time curve (AUC) in timolol maleate ophthalmic gelling vehicle was lower than that in timolol maleate ophthalmic solution (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in heart rates between ophthalmic gelling vehicle and ophthalmic solution. The correlation between the calculated occupancy of beta-adrenergic receptors and the systemic side effects after instillation could be successfully analyzed with a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model, showing the predictability of the model for the systemic side effects of timolol. CONCLUSIONS: The result of our analysis clearly shows that timolol maleate ophthalmic gelling vehicle reduced the systemic absorption below that of ophthalmic solution, but the degree in difference of systemic effects was negligible.

Absorption↗
PubMed2005

Updated information on risk factors for lung cancer: findings from the JACC Study.

BACKGROUND: In Japan, lung cancer is the top cause of cancer death in men and the third leading cause in women. Updated information on risk factors for lung cancer, therefore, is of great importance. The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study, a large prospective study started in 1988, has provided such information. METHODS: We reviewed published findings for lung cancer from the study. The endpoint was death from this cancer. RESULTS: The major findings were as follows. (1) The relative risks in current smokers versus nonsmokers were 4.46 in men and 3.58 in women. (2) Cigarette smoking accounted for 67.0% of lung cancer deaths in men and only 14.6% in women. (3) More than 15 years of smoking cessation may be required to decrease the risk of lung cancer to the level of never smokers. (4) A reduced risk was associated with frequent intake of green-leafy vegetables and fruit in men but not in women. These foods seemed to decrease the risk in male current or former smokers more than in female nonsmokers. (5) Serum levels of alpha- and beta-carotenes,beta-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene were inversely correlated with the risk in men. (6) In a preliminary study, serum 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine was higher in current smokers than in nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: The relative and attributable risks of smoking were smaller in Japan than in Western countries. In addition to smoking habits, therefore, we must pay attention to other risk factors for lung cancer or factors that modify the adverse effects of smoking including dietary factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Lung cancer mortality and serum levels of carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, and folic acid in men and women: a case-control study nested in the JACC Study.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer mortality is inversely associated with high serum carotenoid levels and high intake of vegetables and fruits rich in carotenoids. The Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study was conducted to investigate whether serum levels of carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, and folic acid were associated with risk for lung cancer death with follow-up through 1997. To examine the association by sex, we extended the follow-up and analyzed additional serum samples. METHODS: In the JACC Study, 39,242 subjects provided serum samples at baseline between 1988 and 1990. We identified 211 cases (163 men and 48 women) of death from lung cancer during about 10-year follow-up ending in 1999. Of the subjects who survived to the end of that follow-up, 487 controls (375 men and 112 women) were selected, and were matched to each case of lung cancer death for sex, age and participating institution. We measured serum levels of antioxidants in cases of lung cancer death and controls. Odds ratio (OR) for lung cancer death was estimated using conditional logistic models by sex. RESULTS: For men, the risk of lung cancer death was significantly lower for the highest quartile of serum alpha- and beta-carotenes, lycopene, and beta-cryptoxanthin than for the lowest quartile: the OR adjusted for smoking and other covariates were 0.41, 0.28, 0.46, and 0.39, respectively. For women, serum levels of alpha-carotene and zeaxanthin/lutein were inversely associated with risk of lung cancer, but the association was not significant. No association between lung cancer and serum levels of beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and retinol was appeared among women. There was a suggestion that association between lung cancer and high serum levels of these components might differ between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Higher serum levels of carotenoids appear to play a role in preventing death from lung cancer among Japanese men. Relationships between lung cancer and serum levels of some carotenoids appear to differ between sexes. However, further study with a large number of women cases needs to clarify the discrepancy between sexes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Clinically significant drug-drug and drug-food interactions associated with calcium channel blockers].

Calcium channel blockers have been widely used for treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, and other heart diseases. Nowadays, combination therapy is widely common for these diseases. However, combination therapy is associated with increasing risks of pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction, and therefore clinicians should pay attention to prevent it. Furthermore, in addition to drug-drug interactions, we need to be cautions for drug interaction with food and drink including health-food and supplement.

Calcium Channel Blockers↗
PubMed2005

[Chronological analysis of individually linked data for patients with intractable disease receiving public financial aid for treatment].

PURPOSE: Nationwide surveys of intractable disease patients receiving public financial aid for treatment were performed by Research Committee for Epidemiology of Intractable Disease (Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan) 4 times in the past, in 1984, 1988, 1992 and 1997. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the features of continuance with intractable disease patients receiving public financial aid for treatment. METHODS: Individual information collected by each nationwide survey was linked using the disease, the residence, the sex, and the birth date. The proportion of intractable disease patients according to receipt duration, kind of medical insurance, sex and age was calculated with reference to the disease and an estimation of the receipt persistence rate was calculated for every year. Moreover, in consideration of variation in the data, average receipt persistence rates over years were also calculated. RESULTS: According to observation on individual patient's follow up, the proportion for which financial aid was discontinued within four years was 25%, while 70% continued receiving aid for at least four years and some 55% for eight or nine years. The proportion of those who continue receiving support long-term is high about the so-called autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet's disease, and the aortic syndrome. In contrast, with diseases having a poor prognosis, such as fulminant hepatitis, amyloidosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, periods of continuance are short. The proportion needing long-term continuation is higher in women than in men, especially with diseases which have long been eligible for support. However, with diseases for which receipt was started recently, there is a tendency for persistence to be higher in men than in women. CONCLUSION: With reform of insurance systems, including the medical system for intractable diseases, it is predicted that receipt continuation will change with alteration of social factors, and it is necessary to monitor receipt continuation carefully from now on.

Catastrophic Illness↗
PubMed2004

Prospective study of transfusion history and thyroid cancer incidence among females in Japan.

A link between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and thyroid cancer was recently reported in a series of case-control studies in southern Italy. A prospective study could reinforce these findings. However, cohort studies that began before 1990 rarely assessed serological HCV infection. In addition, thyroid cancer is rare and generally has a good prognosis. Therefore, incidence outcome data are required, rather than mortality data, to evaluate the risk of thyroid cancer. Blood transfusion history might be a possible substitute measure to evaluate the cancer risks associated with HCV infection because blood transfusions were the major HCV transmission route in Japan until 1992. The purpose of our study was therefore to examine the association between transfusion history and thyroid cancer. A baseline survey of members of the JACC Study was conducted from 1988 until 1990, which involved 110,792 participants from 45 areas throughout Japan. Data were collected from a total of 37,983 women with no history of cancer at the baseline (337,906 person-years) and 79 cases of thyroid cancer were identified among this group. A history of blood transfusion marginally increased the risk of thyroid cancer [risk ratio (RR)=1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.95-3.30], and a history of transfusion and/or liver disease significantly increased the thyroid cancer risk (RR=1.84, 95% CI=1.07-3.16). These results indirectly support an association between HCV and thyroid cancer. In addition, our data reveal an association between blood transfusion and thyroid cancer, which might be facilitated by transfusion-associated immunomodulation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Serum insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and the risk of pancreatic cancer death.

Recent epidemiological studies have shown that high serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are associated with an increased risk of lung, colon, breast and prostate cancer. Since very few studies have addressed the role of serum levels of IGF-I in the development of pancreatic cancer, we conducted a nested case-control study to examine this association. The analysis involved 69 case subjects who died from pancreatic cancer during the follow-up period of the study, and 207 control subjects matched for sex, age(+/-1 year) and study area, selected randomly from a cohort of 10364 individuals. Serum levels of IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were measured by immunoradiometric assay, using commercially available kits. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic models. The levels of IGF-I were positively correlated with IGFBP-3 (r=0.55). There was a positive, but statistically insignificant association between serum levels of IGF-I and risk of death from pancreatic cancer, with subjects in the highest quartile having an OR of 2.31 (95% CI=0.70-2.64) compared to those in the lowest quartile. The risk of pancreatic cancer death increased significantly with increasing serum levels of IGFBP-3 (trend p=0.03). Further adjustment for IGFBP-3 or IGF-I slightly attenuated the positive associations. This nested case-control study showed that high serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 may be associated with an increased risk of death from pancreatic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Self-reported sleep duration as a predictor of all-cause mortality: results from the JACC study, Japan.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have shown that habitual sleeping patterns are associated with all-cause mortality risk. However, sleep duration may be affected by physical, mental, or social conditions, and its impact on health may differ depending on the time or place. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of sleep duration on all-cause mortality after adjusting for several covariates, mental condition in particular. METHODS: A total of 104,010 subjects (43,852 men and 60,158 women), aged 40 to 79 years, who enrolled in the JACC Study (Japan Collaborative Cohort Study on Evaluation of Cancer Risk Sponsored by Monbusho) from 1988 to 1990 and were followed for an average of 9.9 years. Average sleep duration on weekdays and covariates, including perceived mental stress and depressive symptoms, were used in the analyses. Relative risks were calculated by Cox's proportional hazard model separately by sex. RESULTS: Men tended to sleep longer than women, and the elderly slept longer than younger subjects. Mean sleep duration was 7.5 hours for men and 7.1 hours for women; mode durations were 8 hours (range, 7.5-8.4 hours) and 7 hours (6.5-7.4), respectively. Sleep duration of shorter or longer than 7 hours was associated with a significantly elevated risk of all-cause mortality. However, the significant association with short sleep disappears when adjusted for some covariates among men. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep duration at night of 7 hours was found to show the lowest mortality risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of neutrophil proliferation induced by rhG-CSF in patients receiving antineoplastic drugs.

In the present study, we analyzed the effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on neutrophil counts in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy using a previously developed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model.(7)) The time profiles of neutrophil counts in blood after repeated administration of rhG-CSF to lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy could be analyzed by this model by considering the inhibition of neutrophil production by antineoplastic drugs. Although deviation was observed between the predicted and observed neutrophil counts in ovarian cancer patients, it may be possible to use this model for determining a rational dosage regimen of rhG-CSF for patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2004

Environmental factors and risk of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a multi-hospital case-control study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Detailed epidemiological investigations on the relationship of environmental factors, especially occupational and microbiological factors, to the development of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) are scarce. METHODS AND RESULTS: A multi-hospital case-control study was conducted in 38 hospitals throughout Japan in order to survey IDC cases and age, sex-matched outpatient controls at each hospital. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) by various environmental factors were calculated in 135 pairs of cases and controls. Univariate analyses revealed significantly increased ORs for lower education, passive smoking in the workplace, cold and/or hot workplace, symptoms of fatigue and history of bacterial infection; in contrast, decreased ORs were associated with a history of rubella and gastroduodenal diseases. Based on multivariate adjusted analyses, lower education (OR 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-3.40), cold or hot workplace (OR 1.84, 95%CI 1.08-3.12) and history of measles (OR 1.78, 95%CI 1.01-3.08) exhibited a significant positive relationship with IDC risk. History of rubella (OR 0.17, 95%CI 0.06-0.52) and gastroduodenal diseases (OR 0.14, 95%CI 0.07-0.29) were inversely related to the risk. CONCLUSIONS: Some occupational and microbiological factors appear to relate independently to the development of IDC and further investigation is required to establish their respective mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival: an epidemiological analysis of emergency service reports in a large city in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The factors that influence survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Japan have not been fully investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: The official emergency service record was used to investigate 1,600 patients for whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted by the city's emergency personnel. Only 45 (2.8%) patients survived for 1 month. The survival rate was 9.8% in the patients under 20 years of age, with a marked decreasing trend to 0.8% in the patients aged 80 years or older. The rate peaked at 4.8% on Sunday and bottomed out at 0.5% on Thursday, forming a distinct sine curve. The survival rate was 9.9% when an ambulance arrived at the scene within 4 min, with a steep drop to 2.5% when 4-7 min elapsed. However, the rate was not significantly different by the interval to hospital. Although bystander resuscitation did not significantly affect the survival, paramedics on board significantly improved the rate (3.5% vs 1.6%). Multivariate analysis confirmed that age, day of the week, place, interval to ambulance's arrival, and personnel on board were independently associated with the probability of survival. CONCLUSIONS: Quick arrival of a paramedic team would improve the survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. General education of lifesaving techniques would be another key factor.

Adult↗