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Biomedical subjects

Yoshiyuki Kuroiwa

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshiyuki Kuroiwa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Spike-wave stupor in a patient with metabolic disorder.

We report a 79-year-old woman with a decreased level of consciousness. Investigation revealed an elevated serum ammonia and a portal-systemic shunt on angiography. Thus, her symptoms were thought to be due to metabolic encephalopathy. Her electroencephalogram (EEG) showed bilaterally synchronous runs of three-phase waves consistent with the triphasic waves typically seen in metabolic encephalopathy. However, after intravenous administration of diazepam, the EEG abnormalities improved; indicating that her decreased consciousness was of epileptic etiology, consistent with spike-wave stupor. Therefore, even in the presence of a clearly defined metabolic disorder, triphasic waves on the EEG may not be due to metabolic encephalopathy; they may reflect an epileptic state precipitated by the metabolic disorder.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Visual event-related potentials under different interstimulus intervals in Parkinson's disease: relation to motor disability, WAIS-R, and regional cerebral blood flow.

We have introduced S1-S2 paradigm (task S) as well as oddball paradigm (task O) visual event-related potentials (ERPs) under different interstimulus intervals (ISIs) in Parkinson's disease (PD). ERP measurements were correlated with motor disability, WAIS-R, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The 'group' influence was characterized by longer latency for P300, N200, and reaction time and decreased P300 amplitude in PD. Both P300 latency and reaction time during task O showed significantly longer latency in longer ISI condition. Our results revealed 'ISI' influence on ERPs during task S and significant correlation between ERPs and rCBF in task S.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Autopsy case of acute encephalopathy linked to familial hemiplegic migraine with cerebellar atrophy and mental retardation.

A 19-year-old female patient, who had exhibited esotropia, mild cerebellar ataxia, mild mental retardation, and cerebellar atrophy on magnetic resonance images at the age of 15, developed signs of acute encephalopathy, and thereafter died of disseminated intravascular coagulation on the day of her admission. Both her mother and sister suffered from attacks of hemiplegic migraine, mild mental retardation, and cerebellar ataxia. Neuropathological examinations revealed acute changes in the widespread cerebral cortex, chronic degenerative changes in the anterior lobe of the cerebellar vermis, axonal spheroids in the Goll's nucleus, pseudo-calcinosis in the globus pallidus, and glial bundles in the cranial nerves. The most fascinating features were changes of Purkinje cells, such as cactuses (asteroid bodies, dendritic expansions), somatic sprouts, and torpedoes. These changes may be characteristic of familial hemiplegic migraine with cerebellar atrophy, as well as the other metabolic diseases, such as Menkes' kinky hair disease, infantile (Tay-Sachs type) amaurotic idiocy, organic mercury intoxication, and mitochondrial encephalopathy, of which cases often exhibit such pathological changes of Purkinje cells. Therefore, familial hemiplegic migraine may share some metabolic abnormalities with the diseases mentioned above.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Effectiveness of tacrolimus in a case of polymyositis].

We report a 57 year-old woman with polymyositis and interstitial pneumonia. With the steroid therapy alone, the decline of creatine kinase was insufficient and muscle strength was not improved. After the addition of tacrolimus 3 mg, serum creatine kinase declined, muscle strength was improved, and the dose of steroid could be tapered very smoothly. There was no remarkable change in the status of the interstitial pneumonia on the chest CT, but the vital capacity was improved. The improvement of the respiratory muscle strength might reduce the respiratory symptom and increase the daily activity in this case. It was possible that dose of steroid was tapered early with tacrolimus, and the side effect which accompanies long-term medication of steroids could be avoided. In polymyositis, tacrolimus is very useful medicine in the steroid-resistant case or in the case suffering from the side effect of steroids. There is possibility that tacrolimus becomes one of the choices of the treatment of polymyositis.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Identification of ubiquitin-interacting proteins in purified polyglutamine aggregates.

Nuclear aggregates of enhanced green fluorescent protein and nuclear localization signal-fused truncated N-terminal huntingtin containing 150 repeats of glutamine residue were purified from ecdysine-inducible mutant neuro2A cell line by sequential extraction of nuclear soluble proteins. To analyze the aggregate-interacting proteins, we subjected the nuclear aggregates to high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The resulting data revealed the presence of three new putative aggregate-interacting proteins: ubiquilin 1, ubiquilin 2 and Tollip. These proteins also associated with neuronal intranuclear inclusions in a mouse model of Huntington disease (HD). These aggregate-interacting proteins contain ubiquitin-interacting motifs, suggesting that they are recruited to the aggregates where they may lose their normal function.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Visual evoked potential changes related to illusory perception in normal human subjects.

To study the human brain activity correlated with illusory perception, we chose a physically flat plane figure which looks like a convex figure. We studied visual evoked potential (VEP) changes, which reflect perceptual properties of illusory perception. We defined two paradigms, an illusory paradigm (IP) and a control paradigm (CP). Two stimuli, A and B, were randomly presented in the IP, while stimuli C and D were randomly presented in the CP. Stimulus A was the only figure which looked like a convex figure. A three-way analysis of variance was applied to the VEP components in each paradigm, with three factors: figures, electrodes, and sessions. Different configuration patterns between the two paradigms explained different grand mean VEP waveforms between the two paradigms; a greater N1 for the CP, a greater P1 for the IP, and marked attenuation of the N3 and P3 components for the IP. Significant main effects of figures only for the IP were found on P1 and P1N2 amplitude and P2 latency, which are assumed to reflect perceptual properties of stereoscopical illusory perception.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Vertical conjugate eye deviation in postresuscitation coma.

Vertical eye deviation in hypoxic coma is considered to be rare. In contrast, we found that in a consecutive series of 50 postresuscitation comatose patients, 28 (56.0%) developed tonic upward or downward eye deviation. We suggest that both the upward and the downward deviations resulted from diffuse cerebrocerebellar damage sparing the brainstem. Upward deviation is an early sign, whereas downward deviation appears later and generally implies a transition to the vegetative state.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Non-glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored recombinant prion protein with dominant-negative mutation inhibits PrPSc replication in vitro.

Dominant-negative mouse prion protein (PrP) with a lysine mutation at codon 218 (Q218K) is known to inhibit prion replication. In order to gain further mechanistic insight into such dominant negative inhibition, non-glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored recombinant PrP with Q218K (rPrP-Q218K) was investigated. When applied into scrapie-infected mouse neuroblastoma (ScN2a) cells, rPrP-Q218K but not wild-type rPrP (rPrP-WT) exclusively inhibited abnormal protease-resistant pathogenic isoform (PrPSc) replication without reducing the viability of the cells. It was even more efficient than quinacrine, which has already been prescribed for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) patients; 50% effective concentration (EC50) = 0.20 microM, 99% effective concentration (EC99) = 0.86 microM vs. EC50 = 0.45 microM, EC99 = 1.5 microM. Besides, no apparent cell damage was observed at the concentration of up to 4.3 microM (100 micrograms/ml). In combination treatment with 0.43 microM (10 micrograms/ml) of rPrP-Q218K, EC99 of quinacrine was decreased from 1.5 microM to 0.5 microM, and the cell viability was recovered from 50% to over 90% as inversely proportional to the concentration of quinacrine. Such combination could alleviate the side effects of quinacrine by reducing its effective concentration without changing or even acceleration the inhibition efficacy. Since homogeneous, high-quality rPrPs could be easily prepared from Escherichia coli in large quantities, rPrP-Q218K is a good candidate for a prion replication antagonist.

Amino Acid Substitution↗
PubMed2004

[Kuru].

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Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Brain tumor].

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Antineoplastic Agents↗