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Biomedical subjects

Yong Liang

Publications and source records attributed to Yong Liang.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Genetic instability on chromosome 17q21 in gastric cancer of Chinese patients].

To investigate microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, and their effect on the expression of nm23H1 and BRCA1 of gastric cancer, which would provide experimental basis for clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of gastric cancer. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded materials. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze MSI and LOH. Expression of nm23H, and BRCA1 was detected by Envision immuno-histochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques. In the forty cases of gastric cancer, the frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein were 20.00%, 17.50% and 55.00% respectively at locus D17S396, while at locus D17S579, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 protein were 22.50%, 15.00% and 37.50% respectively; at locus D17S855, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 of thirty-seven cases were 18.92%, 18.92%, 37.84% respectively. In tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, at locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, MSI in stages I + II appeared more frequently than that in stages III + IV, while LOH appeared the contrary tendency. In the group of metastasis of gastric cancer, MSI had a less frequency (5.00%) than that with no metastasis (35.00%, P < 0.05) at locus D17S396, but LOH appeared more frequently (30.00%) than that with no metastasis (5.00%, P < 0.05). At locus D17S579, MSI had an increasing tendency with the degree of tumor differentiation (50.00% in high differentiation cases, 20.00% in middle differentiation cases, and 0% in low differentiation cases, P < 0.05). The frequency of nm23H1 and BRCA1 protein in stages TNM I + II was higher than that in stages TNM III + IV; and that in higher differentiation cases was higher than in poor differentiation cases. The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group of metastasis (30.00%) was less than that with no metastasis significantly (80.00%, P<0.01). The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group positive to MSI (87.50%) was higher than that in the group negative to MSI (46.88%, P < 0.05). However, nm23H1 protein in group positive to LOH (14.29%) was lower than that in the group negative to LOH (63.64%, P < 0.05). The frequency of BRCA1 protein in the group positive to MSI (66.67%) was more than that in the group negative to MSI (29.03%, P < 0.05). The results of experiments indicate that MSI and LOH may separately control the development of sporadic colon cancer with different pathways. MSI may be an early period molecule marker for sporadic colon cancer, enhanced expression of nm23H1 protein can effectively inhibit colon cancer metastasis and improve prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients. By comparison, LOH mostly arises in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endows a high aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype. nm23H1 protein could effectively restrain gastric cancer metastasis and development; and BRCA1 protein could restain tumor from becoming lower differentiation.

Asian People↗
PubMed2005

[Development study on model WY multi-functional thoracic cavity closed drainage system].

Based on the improved design of the existing thoracic cavity closed drainage system, a new multi-functional device is developed and is described here in detail. The device is more convenient and more efficient than the existing system. Besides, it has a function of autotransfusion. Animal experimental results show that it has attained the goal of the improved design.

Drainage↗
PubMed2005

[Harmfulness of nickel in medical metal materials].

Medical metal materials is widely used in medical field due to its excellent properties; the nickel ions leaching from stainless steel because of corrosion have the harmfulness of malformation and cancerization besides allergenicity in human body. Potential harmfulness of nickel in medical metal materials and new trend on research and development are reviewed in this paper, and both the advantage and the long term potential development of nickel-free medical stainless steels are also described on the basis of our own research work.

Corrosion↗
PubMed2004

The Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) as an in vivo model for endocrine disruption in freshwater teleosts: a full life-cycle test with diethylstilbestrol.

Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), a freshwater teleost, was exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) at 0.05, 0.5, 1 and 5 microg/L from fertilized eggs for up to mature period under flow-through condition. Several endpoints that related to development, reproductive fitness and transgenerational effects were evaluated. It was found that body length and body weight were significantly reduced and vitellogenin (Vtg) levels were significantly increased for fish exposed to DES. Histological examination showed that the sex ratios of F0 fish skewed to female and about 2% of the fish exposed to 0.05 microg/L DES developed testes-ova. The reproductive success, as determined from data on egg production, was reduced in female fish exposed to 0.05, 0.5, 1 and 5 microg/L DES. The lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOEC) for changes of sex ratios, reproductive success and histology alteration of F0 are 0.05 microg/L. In the offspring, transgenerational effects on egg hatching rate, egg fertilization and Vtg levels of juvenile individuals were not observed. However, survival of F1 generation fry significantly declined. The analysis of sex steroid levels revealed a significant decrease of testosterone (T) in the whole body homogenates (WBH) of male progeny and somewhat elevation of estradiol (E2) in the WBH of female offspring. These findings indicate that exposure to DES causes a variety of developmental, reproductive and transgenerational effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Functional polymorphisms in the human beta4 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) polymorphisms occur in different ethnic populations and may result in differences in nAChR ion channel properties. We have identified four nAChR beta 4 subunit (beta4) nucleotide variants: 392C-->T, 526C-->T, 538A-->G, and 1519A-->G. Their corresponding amino acid substitutions are: Thr to Ile at codon 91 (T91I), Arg to Trp at codon 136 (R136W), Ser to Gly at codon 140 (S140G), and Met to Val at codon 467 (M467V), respectively. The nAChR ion channel properties of these variants were studied and compared with the more-common (wild-type) allele as wild-types. The nAChRs (alpha4beta4 channels) were expressed heterologously in Xenopus oocytes and studied using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique to reveal functional differences between the wild-type and the variants. The receptors containing the R136W and M467V mutations (or variants) had a higher sensitivity to acetylcholine and lower EC50 than the wild-type. The T91I mutation had lower sensitivity to acetylcholine and the EC50 was larger than in wild-type nAChRs. The S140G mutation had a dose-response relationship that was similar to the wild-type. The T91I, R136W, and M467V mutations (or variants) also showed a slightly greater degree of steady-state desensitization than the wild-type in response to a 30-min exposure to one tenth of their EC50. The present results demonstrate that human beta4 nAChR DNA polymorphisms result in functional changes, and suggest that certain individuals with those variants may be more or less sensitive to cholinergic drugs or to dysfunctions associated with nicotinic cholinergic systems.

Amino Acid Substitution↗
PubMed2004

Proteomic fingerprints for potential application to early diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Definitive early-stage diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is important despite the number of laboratory tests that have been developed to complement clinical features and epidemiologic data in case definition. Pathologic changes in response to viral infection might be reflected in proteomic patterns in sera of SARS patients. METHODS: We developed a mass spectrometric decision tree classification algorithm using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Serum samples were grouped into acute SARS (n = 74; <7 days after onset of fever) and non-SARS [n = 1067; fever and influenza A (n = 203), pneumonia (n = 176); lung cancer (n = 29); and healthy controls (n = 659)] cohorts. Diluted samples were applied to WCX-2 ProteinChip arrays (Ciphergen), and the bound proteins were assessed on a ProteinChip Reader (Model PBS II). Bioinformatic calculations were performed with Biomarker Wizard software 3.1.1 (Ciphergen). RESULTS: The discriminatory classifier with a panel of four biomarkers determined in the training set could precisely detect 36 of 37 (sensitivity, 97.3%) acute SARS and 987 of 993 (specificity, 99.4%) non-SARS samples. More importantly, this classifier accurately distinguished acute SARS from fever and influenza with 100% specificity (187 of 187). CONCLUSIONS: This method is suitable for preliminary assessment of SARS and could potentially serve as a useful tool for early diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Vitellogenin in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus): identification and induction by waterborne diethylstilbestrol.

Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is a tiny Chinese carp that has a short life cycle and is easily cultured in the laboratory. In this study, juvenile rare minnows were exposed to waterborne diethylstilbestrol (DES) at 0.05, 0.5 and 5 microg/l in laboratory aquaria. After exposure for 4, 8, 13 and 21 days, juvenile fish were collected and vitellogenin (Vtg) was measured in whole body homogenates. Native and SDS electrophoresis followed by Western blotting were performed for Vtg identification, and a non-competitive ELISA was developed. In the DES exposure groups (0.5 and 5 microg/l DES), Vtg appeared after 4 days, increased significantly after 8 days and reached a maximum on day 13. Further, a significant increase in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) was found in the 5 microg/l DES exposure group after 21 days. These results indicate that rare minnow provides a good model for assessing endocrine disruption by environmental estrogens.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Successful auricle replantation via microvascular anastomosis 10 h after complete avulsion.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of successful total auricle replantation 10 h after complete amputation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Replantation was achieved by means of microvascular anastomosis and other therapies, and assisted by careful nursing. The patient's auricle was completely cut off with a sharp blade by an assailant, who retained it for 5 h. Having been retrieved, it was then preserved in ice for 5 h. Using microscopy, an artery and vein were found at the confluences of the upper and middle and lower and middle parts of the amputated auricle and head wound, respectively An end-to-end anastomosis was performed on these vessels. After operation, the following treatments were used: drainage; reopening of the drainage channels with a needle: flushing or soaking with heparin sodium solution; controlling infection and coagulation; increasing blood volume: dilating vessels; and special nursing. RESULTS: The replanted auricle survived with a normal contour and a very favorable esthetic appearance. CONCLUSIONS: The neat, uncontaminated wound margins and the fact that the amputated auricle was preserved in ice, even though it had been amputated 10 h before the operation, were prerequisites for successful auricle replantation. The microvascular anastomosis technique played a very important role in the survival of the amputated auricle. The postoperative treatment, observation and nursing were difficult but vital aspects of the procedure. The establishment of an effective venous return was a sign of the survival of the amputated auricle.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Successful cure of carotid cavernous fistula with life-threatening apistaxis by intravascular embolism and muscle paste plugging in sphenoid sinus].

OBJECTIVE: To report a successfully healed case of carotid cavernous fistula with life threatening epistaxis by intravascular embolism and muscle paste plugging in sphenoid sinus. METHOD: The patient was found a tumor in sella turcica by imaging, invading into cavernous sinus and sphenoid sinus. During operation,the internal carotid artery was ruptured, and two times of life-threatening apistaxis were happened. The digital subtraction angiography and intravascular embolism were carried out two times, then, muscle paste was plugged into sphenoid sinus via nasal endoscopy. RESULT: The patient was successfully healed. And a flowing up of 8 months showed that epistaxis did not occur again and muscle paste was survival in sphenoid sinus. CONCLUSION: After emergent managements such as nasal plugging and transfusion for epistaxis caused by carotid cavernous fistula, the intravascular embolism, muscle paste plugging in sphenoid sinus under transnasal endoscopic surgery were an available and effective management.

Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula↗
PubMed2004

[Advances in peripheral nerve allograft].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the research advances of the peripheral nerve allograft. METHODS: The recent articles on peripheral nerve allograft were reviewed extensively. The treatments of allograft and host were analyzed. RESULTS: The immunogenicity of allograft was relieved by the physical, chemical or biological treatments; the immunosuppressive therapy makes the rejection relieved and the regeneration of axon accelerated. CONCLUSION: The effect of peripheral nerve allograft is inferior to autograft. If the immunologic tolerance are induced successfully, the problem shall be solved.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical evaluation of 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-CT imaging in head and neck tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical value of 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT imaging in diagnosis and detection of primary tumors and suspicious recurrence in head and neck cancers. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with primary tumors or metastases in head and neck underwent 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging, and compared with clinical data. RESULTS: 1. In 4 NPC diagnosed pre-radiation patients the 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging in nasopharynx was all positive, 2 of them were detected with neck lymph node metastases, which were confirmed later histopathologically. In 12 NPC cases after radiation, 4 were not found any evidence of tumor with PET-CT imaging and clinically, 4 were detected neck recurrence and confirmed histopathologically, 2 had remote metastases confirmed by other imaging, 2 were detected and confirmed recurrence in primary sites and one of them in regional and remote site. 2. In 4 neck metastatic patients with unknown primary tumor, the primary tumors were all identified, 3 of them were confirmed histopathologically. 3. Seven patients with other head and neck tumors after therapy underwent 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging. Two patients had no evidence of recurrence. Five patients were detected recurrence or metastases, 4 of them were confirmed histopathologically, one of them refused biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: With metabolic image of PET and anatomic image of CT, 18F-FDG PET-CT is a kind of very useful way in diagnosing primary tumor and detecting the recurrence and metastases in patients with head and neck tumor.

Female↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of weiluo tongmai capsule on hemorrheology in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Weiluo Tongmai Capsule on hemorrheology. METHODS: Several items of hemorrheology were assayed, including specific viscosity of whole blood and plasma, erytlrocyte sedimentation rate, erythrocyte hematocrit, thrombosis in vitro in normal and blood stagnation rats. RESULTS: Weiluo Tongmai Capsule significantly lowered specific viscosity of whole blood, markedly inhibited dry weight and wet weight of thrombus in vitro, and tended to inhibit thrombus length and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in blood stagnation rats induced by adrenaline and ice water. CONCLUSION: Weiluo Tongmai Capsule had the effects on improving items of hemorrheology and activation blood.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The expression of NGFr and PGP 9.5 in leprosy reactional cutaneous lesions: an assessment of the nerve fiber status using immunostaining.

The effects of reactional episodes on the cutaneous nerve fibers of leprosy patients was assessed in six patients (three with reversal reactions and three with erythema nodosum leprosum). Cryosections of cutaneous biopsy of reactional lesions taken during the episode and of another sample during the remission period were immunostained with anti-NGFr and anti-PGP 9.5 (indirect immunofluorescence). We found no significant statistical difference in the number of NGFr- and PGP 9.5-positive fibers between the reactional and post-reactional groups. A significant difference was detected between the number of NGFr and PGP 9.5-stained fibers inside of the reactional group of biopsy cryosections but this difference was ascribed to the distinct aspects of the nerve fibers displayed whether stained with anti-NGFr or with anti-PGP 9.5; NGFr-positive branches looked larger and so interpreted as containing more fibers. In addition, a substantial number NGFr-positive fibers were PGP 9.5-negative. No differences in the number of stained fibers among the distinct cutaneous regions examined (epidermis + upper dermis, mid and deep dermis) was detected. In conclusion, the number of PGP- and NGFr-positive fibers were not significantly different in the reactional and post-reactional biopsies in the present study. NGFr-staining of the nerve fibers is different from their PGP-imunoreactivity and the evaluation of the nerve fiber status on an innervated target organ should be carried out choosing markers for both components of nerve fibers (Schwann cells and axons).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Mast cell subsets and neuropeptides in leprosy reactions.

The immunohistochemical identification of neuropeptides (calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone) quantification of mast cells and their subsets (tryptase/chymase-immunoreactive mast cells = TCMC and tryptase-immunoreactive mast cells = TMC) were determined in biopsies of six patients with leprosy reactions (three patients with type I reaction and three with type II). Biopsies were compared with those taken from the same body site in the remission stage of the same patient. We found a relative increase of TMC in the inflammatory infiltrate of the reactional biopsies compared to the post-reactional biopsy. Also, the total number of mast cells and the TMC/TCMC ratio in the inflammatory infiltrate was significantly higher than in the intervening dermis of the biopsies of both periods. No significant difference was found regarding neuroptide expression in the reactional and post-reactional biopsies. The relative increase of TMC in the reactional infiltrates could implicate this mast cell subset in the reported increase of the immune response in leprosy reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Calcification and biomechanics in vivo of ultra-microporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To study in vivo calcification and biomechanics of the ultra-microporous expanded polytetrafluo- roethylene (UePTFE) in rabbits in comparison with glutaral-treated bovine pericardium (BP), so as to assess the potential of UePTFE as a material for cardiac valve prosthesis. METHODS: Factorial analysis was adopted in the experiment. UePTFE and glutaral-treated BP of appropriate sizes were embedded beneath skin of young New Zealand rabbits, and at 0, 1, 3 and 6 months following the implantation, the materials were measured for the content of calcium and biomechanics properties. RESULTS: Lower level of calcification of the UePTFE occurred after the implantation, as compared with BP, and the biomechanics indices of the former UePTFE were obviously suprior to those of the latter. CONCLUSION: UePTFE is a better material than BP for cardiac valve prosthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in hypopharyngeal carcinoma and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and the biological behavior, metastasis and prognosis of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS: Two-step immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of MMP-2 mAb in 32 specimens of hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal mucosa. Statistical comparison was performed after grouping. RESULTS: It was found that the positivity rate for MMP-2 in the hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues was 53.1%(17/32). Significant differences were noted when the expression levels of the mAb were compared between the normal mucosa adjacent to the carcinomas and the carcinomatous tissue, and between non-metastatic carcinomas and those with cervical lymph node metastasis. Patients with a positive result had obviously lower 3-year survival rate than those with negative results. CONCLUSION: MMP-2 may play a role in the lymph node metastasis of hypopharyngeal carcinoma, and is likely to be indicative of the patients' prognosis.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.

Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector of malaria, a disease that afflicts more than 500 million people and causes more than 1 million deaths each year. Tenfold shotgun sequence coverage was obtained from the PEST strain of A. gambiae and assembled into scaffolds that span 278 million base pairs. A total of 91% of the genome was organized in 303 scaffolds; the largest scaffold was 23.1 million base pairs. There was substantial genetic variation within this strain, and the apparent existence of two haplotypes of approximately equal frequency ("dual haplotypes") in a substantial fraction of the genome likely reflects the outbred nature of the PEST strain. The sequence produced a conservative inference of more than 400,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that showed a markedly bimodal density distribution. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed strong evidence for about 14,000 protein-encoding transcripts. Prominent expansions in specific families of proteins likely involved in cell adhesion and immunity were noted. An expressed sequence tag analysis of genes regulated by blood feeding provided insights into the physiological adaptations of a hematophagous insect.

Animals↗