Biomedical subjects

Ye Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Ye Zhang.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Antigenic and genetic study of influenza virus B circulated in China in 2004-2005].

BACKGROUND: To analyze the genetic and antigenic characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of human influenza B virus isolated from the mainland of China since 2004-2005. METHODS: The single-way hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) tests were used to test the antigenic characteristics, and the HA1 gene was sequenced based on the antigenic results. RESULTS: The Yamagata-like and Victoria-like viruses co-circulated in 2004-2005. For the Yamagata-like virus, the single-way HI results showed that 3.7% and 4.5% of the viruses had 4-fold greater HI titer difference compared with B/Shanghai/361/02 in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The HA1 sequence data showed that the virus had amino acid mutation, and there was one more glycosylation site at 196th site. For the Victoria-like virus, the single-way HI results showed that 8.5% and 20.6% of the viruses had 4-fold greater HI titer difference compared with B/Hong kong/330/01 in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The HA1 sequence data showed that the virus had replacement of 9 amino acids, and there was one more glycosylation site at 197th site. CONCLUSION: The results showed that influenza B viruses had changed antigenic and genetic characteristics compared with B/Shanghai/361/02, B/Hong kong/330/01 in 2004-2005.

Antigens, Viral↗

PubMed2006

[Laboratory diagnoses of the first confirmed human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) in the mainland of China].

BACKGROUND: To determine the etiologic agent of an atypical pneumonia human case admitted to Xiangtan City hospital, Hunan Province in Oct. 2005. METHODS: The patient's respiratory tract samples and serum were collected. Throat swabs were tested by microneutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition assays. RESULTS: The results of nucleic acid detection of all respiratory samples were negative and virus isolation was also negative. The H5-specific antibodies of convalescence showed a 4-fold greater rise than acute phase. CONCLUSION: The atypical pneumonias case was confirmed as the first human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in the mainland of China.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated from the mainland of China].

BACKGROUND: To study the incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated from the mainland of China since 1989 through our influenza surveillance system, and to provide more information for the clinical usage of adamantane drugs. METHODS: Totally 584 influenza A (H3N2) virus strains were randomly selected from our surveillance network since 1989, the adamantane drug resistance related gene M2 of all 584 strains was sequenced, and the drug sensitivity of viruses was also assayed by using biological methods in cells. RESULTS: No adamantane resistant strains were detected among the strains isolated from 1989 to 1999, but there was a surprisingly increased resistance rate of 56% in 2003 compared with 3.4% in 2002, and in 2005 the resistance rate increased to 77.6%. CONCLUSION: Over 50% of virus among the strains isolated showed adamantane resistance since 2003, and the incidence rate is increasing.

Adamantane↗

PubMed2006

[Antigenic and genetic study of influenza virus (H1N1) circulated in China in 2004-2005].

BACKGROUND: To analyze the genetic and antigenic characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of human influenza (H1N1) virus isolated from the mainland of China since 2004 to 2005. METHODS: The single-way hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests were used to test the antigenic characteristics, and the HA1 gene was sequenced based on the antigenic results. RESULTS: The single-way HI results showed that no virus isolates had 4-folds greater HI titer compared with A/Shanghai/1/1999 (H1N1) in 2004, but there was 6.3% virus had 4-fold greater difference in 2005. The HA1 sequence data showed that the H1N1 virus had the following amino acid mutations such as 54 K > R, 90 T > K, 101 Y > H, 149 R > K, 169 V > A, 190 D > N, 212 R > K, 219 K > R, 245 W > R, 246 Y > F, 258 T > N, 318 V > A and the 54 and 190 amino acids located in antigenic group of HA1. CONCLUSION: The H1N1 virus was changing in antigenic and genetic characteristics.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[The first confirmed human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) in mainland, China].

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the causation of a family cluster involving two undefined pneumonia cases, a 12-year-old girl and her brother, reported October, 2005 in Xiangtan county, Hunan province. METHODS: Information on epidemiology and clinical manifestation of the cases was collected from interviewing the keyman and referring to related medical records. The environment exposure of the cases to their households and the timeline of the illness were reproduced, using this information. Medical check-up was undergone among the close contacts of the cases and on sick/dead poultry. Throat swab of the cases were collected and tested by both RT-PCR and real-time PCR to detect viral nucleic acids of A/H5N1, and were then inoculated into special pathogen free (SPF) embryonated hens' eggs. Serum of the cases including acute and convalescent phases were also collected and tested by microneutralization and haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assays to detect H5-specific antibodies. RESULTS: Both the girl and her brother developed fever 2 and 4 days after sudden deaths of chickens being raised in the same house. Both of them had developed pneumonia and the girl died from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicated with multi-organ failure. The boy survived and subsequently discharged from hospital. An eighth-day serum from the girl tested H5 antibody negative, while 4-fold and greater increased in antibody titers were detected in serum from the boy using microneutralization and HI assays in sequential acute and convalescent sera. Of 192 cases, only one doctor who cared for the girl during hospitalization had upper respiratory symptoms but tested negative for H5N1 by microneutralization assay. CONCLUSION: The boy was the first confirmed human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) in the mainland of China and his sister was diagnosed clinically. The most probable explanation of these two cases was that the transmission of H5N1 virus from infected poultry within the same household environment. No evidence of human-to-human transmission was noted in the family cluster.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Study on a fatal pregnant woman died from by avian influenza (H5N1)].

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the causation of a pregnant woman with undefined pneumonia reported from the People's Hospital of Tongling city in Anhui province on November 2005. METHODS: Epidemiological and clinical information of the case was collected from the keypersons close to the case and referring to the medical record. A medical observation was carried out on the close contacts of the case and sick or dead poultry. Tracheal aspirates being collected were tested by both RT-PCR and real-time PCR to detect viral nucleic acids of A/H5N1, and were inoculated into special pathogen free (SPF) embryonated hens' eggs. RESULTS: The pregnant woman was found to have been contacted with the sick/dead poultry directly on the 4th day before onset of illness. All the 122 close contacts were healthy after a 10-day medical observation. The major clinical features of the case were viral pneumonia with rapidly developed leukopenia and lymphopenia. The progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes was found at clinical presentation. HA and NA gene of A/H5N1 virus were positive. The 8 gene fragments of A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1) isolated from the tracheal aspirates had not carried genes from a human virus through reassortment, and the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin was polybasic cleavage site. CONCLUSION: This was the first documented case of H5N1 infection in pregnant woman. The immunotolerant state of pregnancy might have predisposed to the fatal outcome of the patient.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Galanin increases the survival rate of hippocampal cells injured by H2O2 in vitro].

The method of primary hippocampal nerve cell culture was used to study the injury effect of H2O2 and the protective effect of galanin (GAL) and GAL receptor agonists. Result demonstrated that H2O2 has obvious dose relative toxicity to hippocampal cells in vitro. GAL and GAL's nonselective agonist GAL1-11, GalR2's selective agonist GAL2-11 can increase the survival rate of hippocampal cells suffered form H2O2. All the protective effects can be blocked by nonselective antagonist M35. The result indicates that GAL can protect hippocampal cells from oxidative injury in vitro, which is most probably mediated by GalR2.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Reconstruction of accessory nerve defects with sternocleidomastoid muscle-great auricular nerve flap.

We introduced a new method for reconstruction of accessory nerve defects by using the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)-great auricular nerve flap. Thirty-four patients receiving traditional radical neck dissection were divided into two groups: the accessory nerve not-reconstructed group (Group A, N = 19) and the accessory nerve reconstructed group (Group B, n = 15). The surgical procedure of the reconstruction is described in detail. Postoperative shoulder functions were compared between the two groups. We found that Group B experienced much better shoulder function recovery than Group A. Both groups had good wound healing. It is concluded that reconstruction of accessory nerve defects with SCM-great auricular nerve flap is simple, effective and complication-free and worthwhile.

Accessory Nerve↗

PubMed2005

Remifentanil preconditioning confers cardioprotection via cardiac kappa- and delta-opioid receptors.

BACKGROUND: Remifentanil preconditioning (RPC) reduces the infarct size in anesthetized rat hearts, and this effect seems to be mediated by all three types of opioid receptors (ORs). Because there is evidence of only kappa- and delta- but not mu-ORs in the rat heart, the authors investigated whether RPC confers cardioprotection via cardiac kappa- and delta-OR as well as via extracardiac mu-OR agonist activity. The authors also investigated the involvement of signaling mechanisms, namely protein kinase C and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. METHODS: The hearts of male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 190-210 g were removed, mounted on a Langendorff apparatus, and perfused retrogradely at 100 cm H2O with Krebs-Ringer's solution. All hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion. The study consisted of three series of experiments on the effect of ischemic preconditioning or RPC (10, 50, and 100 ng/ml remifentanil) after blockade of OR subtypes (delta-OR antagonist naltrindol, kappa-OR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine, and mu-OR antagonist CTOP). The involvement of protein kinase C or the KATP channel in the cardioprotection of RPC was also investigated using specific blockers in each group. RPC was produced by three cycles of 5-min perfusion of remifentanil in Krebs-Ringer's solution interspersed with a 5-min reperfusion with Krebs solution only. Infarct size, as a percentage of the area at risk, was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining. RESULTS: Infarct size as a percentage of the area at risk was significantly reduced after RPC from 51.9 +/- 5.0% (control, n = 8) to 36.2 +/- 10.0% (100 ng/ml RPC, n = 8, P < 0.01). This effect was stopped by pretreatment with naltrindol (52.3 +/- 5.2%) and nor-binaltorphimine (43.5 +/- 6.0%) but not CTOP (37.1 +/- 6.0%). Chelerythrine and GF109203X, both protein kinase C inhibitors, abolished the effects of RPC or ischemic preconditioning on infarct size as a percentage of area at risk. 5-Hydroxydecanoate (a selective mitochondrial KATP channel blocker) also abolished the cardioprotection of RPC and IPC, but HMR-1098 (a selective inhibitor of the sarcolemmal KATP channel) did not. CONCLUSION: Cardiac delta- and kappa- but not mu-ORs mediate the cardioprotection produced by RPC. Both protein kinase C and the mitochondrial KATP channel were involved in this effect.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Remifentanil mimics cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning via protein kinase C activation in open chest of rats.

AIM: To examine whether the protective effect of remifentanil preconditioning (RPC) on postischemic hearts is mediated by protein kinase (PKC) activation in comparison with ischemic preconditioning (IPC). METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and their chests were opened. The experiment was performed with chelerythrine (CHE, 2 mg/kg), GF109203X (0.05 mg/kg) protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors administered before RPC (remifentanil 6 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) x 3 cycle) or IPC, respectively. Infarct size (IS), as a percentage of the area at risk (AAR), was determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining. RESULTS: In groups subjected to IPC and RPC the IS/AAR were significantly reduced (IS/AAR from 52.7%+/-5.5% to 12.9%+/-3.4%, P<0.01 vs CON and 16.2%+/-6.4%, P<0.01 vs CON), respectively. CHE and GF, both PKC inhibitors, administered 5 min before RPC or IPC completely abolished the cardioprotective effect of RPC (IS/AAR: CHE+RPC 51.2%+/-5.0%, GF+RPC 53.6%+/-6.1%, P>0.05 vs CON) or IPC (CHE+IPC 53.7%+/-4.3%, GF+IPC 54.1%+/-6.2%, P>0.05 vs CON). The difference was not significant in any of the hemodynamic parameters between control and treatment groups during ischemia and reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Remifentanil confers myocardial protection against ischemic injury through a mechanism that is similar to IPC and involves PKC activation.

Alkaloids↗

PubMed2005

[Effects of platelet-rich plasma on proliferation and osteogenetic activity of marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the proliferation and osteogenetic activity of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in vitro to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism by which PRP accelerates bone repair. METHODS: The human MSCs were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 9) and control group (n = 9). In the experimental group, the MSCs were inter-fused with PRP (10 microl/ml culture media). The proliferation ability of the cells was tested by flow cytometry and MTT, the osteogenetic activity by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measuring and tetracycline fluorometry, and cbfa1 mRNA expression by reverse transcript-PCR. RESULTS: PRP could stimulate the MSCs proliferation. The flow cytometry assay showed that the MSCs proportion of S period of the experimental group significantly increased 14.5+/-0.4 in comparison with that of the control group 7.2+/-0.5 (P<0.01) after 24 hours. MTT value showed that MSCs proliferated to platform period earlier in the experimental group than in the control group. There was a significant increase in ALP activity of the experimental group 7.79+/-1.98, 9.51+/-2.31 and 14.03+/-3.02 when compared with that of the control group 2.06+/-0.77, 2.84+/-0.82 and 2.58+/-0.84 after 3, 6 and 9 days (P<0.05). The number of mineral nodes increased. Reverse transcript-PCR showed that the expression of cbfa1 mRNA were elevated gradually at 2, 4 and 8 hours after inter-fused with PRP. CONCLUSION: The effect of PRP on accelerating bone repair is related to its effects on stimulating the proliferation of MSCs, increasing the cbfa1 expression and promoting the osteogenetic activity.

Bone Marrow Cells↗

PubMed2005

[Construction of eukaryotic expression vector for human angiopoietin 1 and its expression in the marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rabbit].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of constructing eukaryotic expression vector for human angiopoietin 1 (hAng-1), transfecting it to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) so as to repair bone defect. METHODS: The eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3-hAng-1 was constructed by recombinant DNA technique, transfected into MSCs by liposome DOTAP, and selected with G418. The hAng-1 expression of mRNA and protein was detected by reverse transcript-PCR and Western Blot. RESULTS: After the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector for hAng-1 was digested with Xho-I and BamH-I, electrophoresis revealed 1.4 kb fragment for hAng-1 gene and 5.4 kb fragment for pcDNA3 vector. In the transfected MSCs, the mRNA and protein expression of hAng-1 gene were detected with reverse transcript-PCR and Western Blot. CONCLUSION: The constructed eukaryotic expression vector hAng-1 could be expressed in the transfected MSCs, thus to provide the basis for bone repair with tissue engineering.

Angiopoietin-1↗

PubMed2005

[The expression of galanin and galanin receptors in olfactory ensheathing cells and effects of galanin on cells proliferation].

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) were isolated from newborn rat olfactory bulb and cultured in vitro. RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of galanin and it's receptors in these cells. MTT analysis was used to detect the effects of galanin and agonist, antagonist of galanin receptors on the proliferation of OECs. Results show that OECs express mRNAs for galanin and GalR2 but not for two another receptors, GalR1 and GalR3. In addition, galanin and two receptor agonists, GAL1-11 and GAL2-11, can significantly inhibit the proliferation of OECs. But the influence can be blocked by M35, nonspecific antagonist of galanin receptors.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Do pigs play a role in human infection with avian influenza A H9N2 viruses].

OBJECTIVE: To understand whether pigs play a role in human infection with avian influenza A H9N2 viruses. METHODS: The target gene was amplified by RT-PCR, and the PCR product was linked to PGEM-T Vector (Promega, USA) at 4 degrees C, the recombined plasmid was transferred into dH5a bacteria, and the positive colonies were selected and identified with restriction endonuclease. Afterwards, they were sent to Liu He Tong Company in Beijing for nucleotide sequencing. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of the sequencing data was performed with MegAlign (Version 1.03) and Editseq (Version 3.69) software. RESULTS: The genomic characterizations of A/Swine/Shandong /5/2002(H9N2) and A/Swine/Shandong/10/2002(H9N2) viruses were different from those of H9N2 viruses which were isolated either from men or from chickens. The genomic characteristics of H9N2 viruses isolated from humans in China mainland were similar to those of H9N2 viruses isolated from chickens. Whereas, the genomes of H9N2 viruses isolated from men in Hong Kong, China were closely related to those of H9N2 viruses isolated from quails. Avian influenza A H9N2 viruses not only have wide range of host, but their genomes are also diverse. CONCLUSION: Avian influenza A H9N2 viruses can directly infect human. Avian influenza A H9N2 viruses did not require to pass through the pigs as mixing vessels prior to infecting man.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Effects of fluoride drop or fluoride ion infiltration in toddler period on demineralization of first permanent molar of children].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of fluoride drop or fluoride ion infiltration on demineralization of the first permanent molar of children. METHODS: 45 children applied by fluoride drop over 3 years in Chengdu and 40 controls were selected. 45 children applied by fluoride ion infiltration more than 3 years in Xiamen and 40 controls were selected in this study. Demineralization of the different sites of the first permanent molar was evaluated by KaVo DIAGNOdent. The effect of FD and FII in toddler period on demineralization of the first permanent molar was evaluated. RESULTS: Early demineralization of the first permanent molar in children without fluoride drop were more severe than that of children with fluoride drop in toddle period (P < 0.01). There was no significantly difference between demineralization of first permanent molar in children with fluoride ion infiltration and control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Fluoride drop in toddle period can help the remineralization of newly erupted first permanent molar of children. There is no effect of fluoride ion infiltration on demineralization of newly erupted first permanent molar of children.

Child↗

PubMed2005

No association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and catechol-O-methyltransferase gene in Chinese.

Previous studies suggested that the catecholaminergic systems may be involved in the pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Since catechel-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme involved in the degradation of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems,it is possible that COMT may play a role in ADHD. To test this hypothesis, we used two family-based analyses,the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and the haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR), to examine the possible association between COMT gene and DSM-IV-diagnosed ADHD in a Chinese sample consisting of 79 ADHD probands and their parents. Both TDT (chi2 = 1.03, df=1, P > 0.05) and HHRR (chi2 = 1.08, df = 1, P > 0.05) analyses failed to detect preferential transmission of a COMT allele to the ADHD children. Our data suggested that there was no association between ADHD and the COMT gene in the Chinese population.

Alleles↗

PubMed2005

[Origin of internal genes of two strains of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus].

BACKGROUND: Through the analysis of internal genes of viruses to understand whether the internal genes of two strains of swine influenza A(H1N1) virus contain the gene segment deriving from avian influenza A viruses, and whether the reassortment of the internal genes occurred between swine H1N1 and swine H9N2 viruses. METHODS: Viruses were passaged in embryonated hen eggs and virion RNA was extracted from allantoic fluids and reverse transcribed to synthesize cDNA. cDNA was amplified by PCR and the PCR product was purified with a purification kit. Afterwards, RNA sequence analysis was performed by dideoxynucleotide chain termination and a cloning method. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of the sequencing data was performed with MegAlign (version 1.03). RESULTS: All the six, but PB2 gene segment internal gene segments were the same between A/swine/Beijing/1/2002(H1N1) and A/Swine/Beijing/3/2002(H1N1) viruses. Whereas all the six internal gene segments in two trains of swine (H1N1) virus were similar to those of swine H1N1 viruses, but different from those of classical strain of swine (H1N1) virus. CONCLUSION: Two strains of Beijing swine H1N1 influenza A virus were not reassortant, All the six internal gene segments were closely related to swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Antigenic and genetic study of hemagglutinin gene of influenza virus (H3N2) circulated in China in 2004].

BACKGROUND: To study the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza (H3N2) virus circulated in China in 2004. METHODS: Single-way and cross-way hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests were firstly used to determine the reactivity with the reference serum of virus isolates. Based on the serological results, virus isolates were selected according to the different time and location in China in 2004. The HA1 domain of HA gene of those virus isolates were then sequenced in order to analyze the gene characterization. RESULTS: Single-way HI test results showed that 52.3% of isolates showed 4 folds or more HI titer difference compared to A/Fujian/411/2002 (H3N2) itself (international reference strain in 2004). Cross-way HI test results showed that the antigenic ratio was 4. The nucleic acid and amino acid sequence data of HA1 domain showed that the mutated virus appeared in early February of 2004, and became the dominant circulating strain gradually. There were four important mutant positions, they were 159 Y>F, 189 S>N, 145 K>N, 226 V>I, respectively. The results also indicated that the mutated viruses originated from southern China, then transmitted to northern China, according to the analysis of time and location distribution. CONCLUSION: The HA1 domain of HA gene of influenza virus (H3N2) isolated from 2004 in China showed mutation and antigenic drift, and the mutated viruses were becoming the dominant circulating strain in China, and showed amino acid sequence difference compared to A/Fujian/411/2002 (H3N2) A/Wellington/1/2004 (H3N2), the vaccine components pronounced by WHO for 2004-2005 northern hemisphere and 2005 southern hemisphere respectively, which suggested that further surveillance should be conducted to monitor the virus mutation in circulation.

Animals↗