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Biomedical subjects

Yasuo Tano

Publications and source records attributed to Yasuo Tano.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Micro serial analysis of gene expression in normal human choroid and retinal pigment epithelial transcriptomes.

PURPOSE: To investigate the gene expression profile of the normal human choroid/retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) tissues. METHODS: Micro serial analysis of gene expression (Micro SAGE) was performed. A SAGE library was constructed from 110 microg of total RNA of normal human choroid/RPE tissue, and cloned tag concatemers transformed to E.coli were sequenced. The sequence data were analyzed by SAGE software and matched to GenBank and UniGene public databases. The sequence data were also compared with the choroid/RPE cDNA library of NEIBank. RESULTS: A total of 12 070 tags were sequenced; 3627 tags were unique. Of these 3627 tags, 2508 tags were encoded genes and 1119 tags were unknown tags in the UniGene database. The most frequently expressed tag was TCCCTATTAA, but the gene corresponding to this tag has not been identified yet. Other frequently expressed tags encoded a tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 3, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1, and transthyretin. These genes are notably different, with high expression frequencies when compared to the cDNA library of NEIBank. CONCLUSIONS: This gene expression profile of the normal human choroid/RPE tissue should provide further understanding of the biological function of the choroid and the pathogenesis of diseases in which the choroid and RPE play a role, such as choroidal neovascularization.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Examination of purification methods and development of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide.

PURPOSE: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is used in ophthalmic treatment, but the reliability of commercially available TA preparations has still not been established. We evaluated two previously reported purification methods, and developed a more reliable TA injection which can be prepared in a hospital pharmacy. METHODS: We tested the two methods previously reported for purifying commercial TA preparations, the sedimentation and the filtration and backflushing methods. We developed a new TA injection made of pure TA suspended in 0.5% sodium hyaluronate. We measured the TA content in each preparation by high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the three methods. RESULTS: In the sedimentation purification method, the TA content of a nominal 4-mg preparation varied from 1.43 to 7.37 mg, and the average recovery rate was 91.6%. In the filtration and backflushing method, TA content was 0.10-10.33 mg and recovery was 59.5%. In the TA injection we developed, the mean TA content was 102.5% (SD, 0.24; CV, 2.9%). The stability of this preparation was 99% after sterilization, and 97% after 3 months of storage. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our investigation showed that the purification methods used for commercial preparations are simple and easy but not precise enough for an intravitreal injection. In contrast, the TA injection prepared by our method is reliable, stable, and safe enough for clinical use.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relation of posterior staphyloma in highly myopic eyes with macular hole and retinal detachment.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether the type of posterior staphyloma (PS) affects the development of macular hole and retinal detachment (MHRD) in high myopia. METHODS: Included in this retrospective study were 28 highly myopic eyes with MHRD (MHRD group) and 47 highly myopic eyes without MHRD (control group). The presence or absence of PS and the type of PS according to the classification of Curtin, the postoperative visual acuity, and the retinal reattachment rate were investigated. RESULTS: The percentage of eyes with PS was significantly higher in the MHRD group than in the control group (P < 0.001). The rate of type II PS was significantly higher in the MHRD group (P = 0.01). There were no significant differences among the types of PS regarding the retinal reattachment rates and visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with type II PS have a higher risk for the development of MHRD. However, the type of PS did not seem to affect the anatomic and visual outcome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Photodynamic therapy in macular diseases of asian populations: when East meets West.

PURPOSE: We reviewed the indications, safety, and efficacy of photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in various macular diseases and vasculopathies, which are common in Asian populations, and compared the outcomes of photodynamic therapy in Asian patients with the outcomes in Caucasian patients. METHODS: Relevant clinical and laboratory original articles, case reports, and review articles that have been published in the literature between January 1999 and October 2004 were searched in Medline. The potential differences in the response to photodynamic therapy between Asian and Caucasian patients were evaluated. Articles in foreign languages with English abstracts were included. RESULTS: Macular diseases commonly seen in Asian populations, including choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of age-related macular degeneration, secondary to pathologic myopia or from an idiopathic cause, and choroidal vasculopathies such as central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy were included in the review. The results were tabulated and the differences with Caucasian populations were compared and highlighted. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy has been found to be an effective and noninvasive treatment for various subfoveal CNV and choroidal vasculopathies of the macula. Diverse behavior in different ethnic groups is observed.

Asian People↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A microperimeter that provides fixation pattern and retinal sensitivity measurement.

PURPOSE: To investigate a microperimeter (MP-1) that can independently measure fixation status and microperimetry of retinal threshold sensitivity by comparing the results obtained by the MP-1 with those obtained by scotometry using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO). METHODS: Fourteen patients (15 eyes) with a macular disorder were examined by the MP-1 fixation test, MP-1 microperimetry, and SLO scotometry. The scotoma size seen in MP-1 microperimetry was compared with that observed in SLO scotometry. The location of the preferred retinal locus (PRL) and the fixation stability, which were obtained from the fixation test in MP-1, were also compared with those obtained in SLO scotometry. RESULTS: The scotoma size, which was not seen with 0 dB in MP-1 microperimetry, was larger than that in SLO scotometry in 8 of the 15 eyes. Retinal threshold sensitivity decreases were found using MP-1 microperimetry within a sensitive area of SLO scotometry in all eyes. The PRL in the MP-1 fixation test and in SLO scotometry agreed in all eyes. Fixation stability in the MP-1 fixation test significantly correlated with that in SLO scotometry (P = 0.0192). CONCLUSIONS: The results of MP-1 microperimetry do not completely agree with those of SLO scotometry owing to the difference in stimulus intensity. The MP-1 fixation test is useful for measuring PRL and fixation stability in a short time. MP-1 might be helpful to evaluate the foveal function in patients with macular disorders without severely damaged macular function.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of transcorneal electrical stimulation in patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy or traumatic optic neuropathy.

PURPOSE: To determine whether transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) can improve the visual function of patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) or traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). METHODS: Eight consecutive patients at the Osaka University Hospital were studied. TES (600-800 microA, 20 Hz, 30 min) was applied once each to three eyes with NAION and to five eyes with TON, using a contact lens-type stimulating electrode. The primary outcome measurement was the change in visual acuity at 1 to 3 months after TES. An improvement in visual acuity was defined as a change of > or =0.3 log (minimum angle of resolution) (logMAR) units. The side effects of TES were also investigated. RESULTS: After TES application, the visual acuity improved in two patients with NAION and in four patients with TON. Visual acuity did not worsen in any of the eyes. Only a mild superficial punctuate keratopathy was observed in all eyes immediately after TES, and it healed by the next day. CONCLUSIONS: Visual acuity can be improved after TES without major complications in some patients with NAION or TON. These results suggest that TES should be considered as a new treatment for eyes with optic neuropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of AMPA receptor subunit proteins in purified retinal ganglion cells.

PURPOSE: To determine whether alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propioate (AMPA) receptor (AMPAR) subunit proteins are expressed in cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). METHODS: RGCs were purified from dissociated rat retinal cells (postnatal days 6-8), using a modified two-step panning method and cultured in serum-free medium containing neurotrophic factors and forskolin. Immunohistochemistry was performed on cultured RGCs on days 1, 3, and 7 in vitro (1 DIV, 3 DIV, and 7 DIV) using specific antibodies against AMPAR subunits GluR1 to 4 and microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 2, which is a neuronal marker. Glutamate-induced Ca(2+) influx was measured with fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester fluorescence. RESULTS: GluR1 to 4 proteins were expressed in the cell body of RGCs on 1 DIV. RGCs showed strong GluR1 to 4 immunoreactivity in both cell bodies and processes on 3 DIV and 7 DIV, with the gradual spreading of expression and the growth of processes. At all time points examined, GluR2 immunoreactivity was equal to that of the other subunits. Accumulation of intracellular Ca(2+) levels in RGCs induced by glutamate occurred equally on both 3 DIV and 7 DIV. CONCLUSION: All AMPAR subunits are almost equally expressed in cultured RGCs.

Animals↗
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Induction of connective tissue growth factor in retinal pigment epithelium cells by oxidative stress.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is upregulated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: ARPE19 cells were subjected to two forms of oxidative stress: hypoxia/reoxygenation and paraquat exposure. CTGF expression was studied by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The ocular expression of CTGF was analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in an in vivo murine model of oxidative stress exposed to light after intravenous injection of rose bengal. RESULTS: CTGF mRNA expression in ARPE19 cells was upregulated by oxidative stress and peaked 1 h after reoxygenation; protein expression peaked 2 h after reoxygenation. Using paraquat, both CTGF mRNA and protein were upregulated by five doses of paraquat. In vivo, CTGF was upregulated when evaluated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry using murine retinas stimulated by oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Upregulation of CTGF expression was confirmed in RPE cells by oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. CTGF might be one of the factors that induces the changes observed in aging retinas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Automated keratoconus detection using height data of anterior and posterior corneal surfaces.

PURPOSE: To develop a keratoconus detection algorithm using the corneal topographic data of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. METHODS: Topographic measurements of the cornea were made with a slit-scanning corneal topographer. We examined 120 subjects (165 eyes); keratoconus patients and keratoconus suspect patients comprised the keratoconus group, and post-photorefractive keratectomy patients, with-the-rule astigmatism patients, and controls without disease comprised the nonkeratoconus group. Two variables of the anterior corneal surface, two variables of the posterior corneal surface, and one corneal thickness variable were obtained by applying the Fourier harmonic decomposition formula. By performing a logistic regression analysis with a training set to differentiate the keratoconus group from the nonkeratoconus group, the Fourier-incorporated keratoconus detection Index (FKI) was created. The validity of the FKI was determined by using independent validation sets. RESULTS: The FKI distinguished the keratoconus group from the nonkeratoconus group with 96.9% sensitivity and 95.4% specificity in the validation set. CONCLUSIONS: A newly developed automated keratoconus classifier can be used to screen keratoconic patients. The index is based on information obtained by Fourier analysis from not only the anterior corneal surface but also from the posterior corneal surface and corneal thickness.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of immunization with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D fused with interleukin-2 against murine herpetic keratitis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the preventive effect of vaccination using fusion protein (gD-IL-2) consisting of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD), and human interleukin-2 (IL-2), and plasmid DNA encoding gD-IL-2 against murine herpetic keratitis. METHODS: Plasmid containing gD-IL-2 (pHDLneo1) was constructed, and gD-IL-2 peptide was purified. BALB/c mice were injected hypodermally or subconjunctivally twice with 1 microg/0.1 mL of gD-IL-2 peptide, or subconjunctivally twice with 90 microg/0.05 mL of gD-IL-2 plasmid DNA. Neutralizing antibody titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against HSV-1 were measured. Immunized mice were challenged with CHR3 strain of HSV-1 into the cornea. Clinical manifestations of the epithelial and stromal keratitis were scored. RESULTS: Stromal keratitis was inhibited in gD-IL-2 peptide- or DNA-immunized mice; however, epithelial keratitis was not. It was confirmed that plasmid gD-IL-2 elicited significant virus neutralizing titer in sera and DTH response. CONCLUSION: Vaccination with gD-IL-2 was effective against murine herpetic keratitis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinal glial cells stimulate microvascular pericyte proliferation via fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in vitro.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether retinal glial cells (RGCs), which are believed to play an important role in the development and maintenance of microvessels, stimulate the proliferation of retinal bovine microvascular pericytes, an essential component of the vessels. METHODS: Conditioned medium (CM) was collected from a primary culture of RGC obtained from chick embryonic retina. The cell number was assayed after stimulation by RGC-CM. Also, by neutralizing antibody and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we tried to identify which factor of the RGCs contributes to the pericyte stimulation. RESULTS: Pericyte proliferation was stimulated by RGC-CM in a dose-dependent manner. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimulated pericyte proliferation; however, PDGF-AA, transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) did not. The RGC-CM-dependent stimulative effect was blocked, in part, by the neutralizing antibodies for aFGF, bFGF, and PDGF. A mixture of these three antibodies completely blocked the stimulation. RT-PCR revealed that RNA for aFGF, bFGF, and TGF-beta2 were expressed in RGCs. CONCLUSIONS: Pericyte growth is stimulated in vitro by RGC-CM through aFGF, bFGF, PDGF-BB, at least in part. This finding suggests that RGCs may modulate in vivo pericyte cell growth through these three growth factors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor AG1295 and inhibition of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PURPOSE: Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation is critical for growth factor-mediated cell proliferation. The present study was designed to determine the effect of tyrphostin AG1295, a selective blocker of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) RTK, on proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) development. METHODS: Rabbit conjunctival fibroblasts cells (1 x 10(4)) were seeded into 96-well plates and maintained in Dulbecco's modified essentialmedium (DMEM) with 0.5% fetal bovine serum. The cells were exposed to 50 ng/mL PDGF-AAor PDGF-BBor phosphate-buffered saline with or without AG1295 (1 microM, 10 microM, and 100 microM). After 3 days, the viable cells in each well were measured by 3,(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Homologous rabbit conjunctival fibroblasts were injected intravitreally, followed by injection of 100 microM of AG1295. The development of tractional retinal detachment (TRD) was assessed to evaluate the effect of AG1295 in vivo. Electroretinography and histologic studies were performed after intravitreal injection of AG1295 into untreated eyes to evaluate toxicity. RESULTS: Two concentrations of AG1295 (10 and 100 microM) significantly inhibited rabbit conjunctival fibroblast cell growth stimulated by PDGF-AA or PDGF-BB in vitro. Development of TRD was significantly attenuated (P <.01) with 100 microM of AG1295 until day 21. No significant histologic or retinal functional damage was found in the AG1295-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: PDGF receptor specific inhibitor AG1295 attenuated PVR without significant side effects in rabbits. This reagent could be a useful treatment to prevent PVR.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of competitive PCR for quantitation of HSV-1 DNA.

PURPOSE: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detects the genomic materials of etiological agents with high specificity and sensitivity. However, in herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, the clinical significance of the results often poses controversy because of the subclinical viral shedding during latent infection. Quantitative PCR might provide additional information to help clinical evaluation of the results. METHODS: Virus DNA was extracted from high titer stock of human HSV-1 (FK 25) by phenol/chloroform treatment. Construct (p/HSV-1) was made by inserting the glycoprotein D gene obtained from virus DNA into p(GEM-T) vector. Competitor (p/DeltaHSV-1) was made by deleting the inner 40 bp of construct (p/HSV-1) with restriction enzyme. Competitive PCR was performed using primers that amplify the glycoprotein D gene, and a template made of a 1:1 molar mixture of HSV-1 DNA and the competitor. RESULTS: The PCR product reflected the initial template dose from 20 to 30 cycles. Minimum detection level of HSV-1 DNA was 0.01 ng. CONCLUSION: Competitive PCR can quantitate HSV-1 DNA.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chediak-Higashi syndrome with progressive visual loss.

BACKGROUND: The change of visual function in Chediak-Higashi syndrome has not been well described. CASES: The visual function of a 12-year-old Japanese girl with ocular albinism due to Chediak-Higashi syndrome was followed by periodic ophthalmological examinations. OBSERVATIONS: A lack of pigmentation in the iris and ocular fundus, and pigmentary degeneration of the peripheral retina were observed. The visual loss and the constriction of visual field progressed with increasing age. The electroretinogram was extinguished at 12 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: The constriction of the visual field may be due to the pigmentary degeneration of the ocular fundus. Ophthalmologists should be aware that progressive visual loss and the constriction of visual field can occur in patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome as they grow older.

Albinism, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual neutrophil infiltration under the soft contact lens in a patient with Behçet's disease.

BACKGROUND: Behçet's disease (BD) characterized by multisystemic disorders has many kinds of ocular involvement. We report one case of BD with unusual neutrophil infiltration under a soft contact lens (SCL). CASE: A 31-year-old woman diagnosed as having BD exhibited bilateral recurrent phlyctenular keratitis and finally developed corneal perforation in the cornea of her right eye. OBSERVATIONS: A therapeutic SCL was immediately fitted on the right cornea as a bandage and another SCL on the left, as prophylaxis. White gelatinous membrane suddenly appeared between the bandage SCL and the cornea in the left eye. After peeling off this gelatinous membrane from the cornea, we examined it after hematoxylin-eosin staining. We also measured the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) both in the tears of the patient and on the surface of the SCL. A great amount of neutrophils had infiltrated into this gelatinous membrane. Laboratory data showed a marked increase of IL-8 levels both on the SCL and in the reflex tears (right SCL, 4980 pg/mL; left SCL, 6810 pg/mL. Reflex tears: right, 2080 pg/mL; left, 2170 pg/mL). CONCLUSION: This case emphasizes the association between the IL-8 level and the disease activity in BD, and provides additional evidence that a BD attack can be induced on the ocular surface under certain conditions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of RGD peptides on cells derived from the human eye.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides on cells derived from the human eye. METHODS: SV40-transformed human corneal epithelial cells (SCE), SV40-transformed human lens epithelial cells (SLE), normal human keratocytes (NK), and human retinal pigment epithelial cells stably expressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TRPE) were used. A human corneal cDNA library was screened to isolate the human homologue of p130 Crk-associated substrate (Cas). Next, after these cells were attached to the substratum, RGD-containing soluble tetrapeptides Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) were added to the culture medium and morphological changes were observed. RESULTS: A clone, H-2, consisting of 3228 nucleotides, with a long open reading frame (870 amino acid residues) was isolated, and determined to be the human homologue of Cas. After addition of the RGDS peptides, both SLE and TRPE detached from the plastic culture plate, but SCE and NK did not. Detached SLE and TRPE showed decreased levels of tyrosine phosphorylation in Cas. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that the signaling pathway through Cas played an important role in epithelial cell adhesion in the eye.

Amino Acid Sequence↗