Biomedical subjects

Yan Li

Publications and source records attributed to Yan Li.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Cloning and expression of soluble B lymphocyte stimulator].

AIM: To clone and express soluble B lymphocyte stimulator (sBLyS). METHODS: Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and used to synthesize cDNA by reverse transcription. sBLyS cDNA was amplified by PCR with specific primers and inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a. Recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli strain BL21(DE3). sBLyS was expressed in E.coli, purified in vitro, and analyzed with peptide mass fingerprinting and Daudi cell proliferation assay. RESULTS: sBLyS cDNA was cloned. Peptide mass fingerprinting of purified BLyS matched with that of BLyS proteins. Purified sBLyS could stimulate Daudi cell proliferation in vitro. CONCLUSION: sBLyS with biological activity was successfully expressed and purified.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[The advance of research in electro-physiology and chip techniques for olfaction and gustation].

This paper introduces the new research achievement and progress of electro-physiology in olfaction and gustation. Classical implements such as patch-clamp or glass pipette are not appropriate in the dynamic detection of cellular signal transportation. In view of this, we have analyzed the feasibilities and challenges of olfactory or gustatory cell-based biosensors such as field effect transistor (FET) and light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS). Finally we present the research work carried our in out lab and a future prospective on the development in this field.

Biosensing Techniques↗

PubMed2006

[Correlations between serine hydroxymethyltransferase1 C1420T polymorphisms and susceptibilities to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), a key enzyme in the folate metabolism, affects gene methylation and DNA synthesis through providing one-carbon units for purine, thymidylate, and methionine. It is closely related to the development and progression of tumors. This study was to investigate the correlations between SHMT1 C1420T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and susceptibilities to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA). METHODS: SHMT1 C1420T SNP was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP) analysis in 584 ESCC patients, 467 GCA patients, and 540 healthy controls. The correlations between SHMT1 C1420T SNP polymorphisms and susceptibilities to ESCC and GCA were analyzed with Logistic regression model. RESULTS: Family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC) significantly enhanced the risk of developing ESCC and GCA [the age, gender, smoking status, and family history of UGIC adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.89, 95% confident interval (CI)=2.23-3.73; OR =1.68, 95% CI=1.28-2.23]. The frequency of 1420C/T genotype was significantly lower in ESCC and GCA patients than in healthy controls (12.0% vs. 16.5%, P<0.05; 10.9% vs. 16.5%, P<0.01). Compared with C/C genotype, C/T genotype significantly reduced susceptibilities to ESCC and GCA, with adjusted OR of 0.70 (95% CI=0.50-0.98) for ESCC and 0.55 (95% CI=0.38-0.81) for GCA. Stratification analysis showed that C/T genotype significantly reduced susceptibilities to ESCC and GCA among non-smokers, with adjusted OR of 0.54 (95% CI=0.33-0.90) for ESCC and 0.56 (95% CI=0.33-0.95) for GCA. In addition, C/T genotype significantly reduced susceptibility to GCA among individuals with or without UGIC history, with adjusted OR of 0.46 (95%CI=0.24-0.90) and 0.62 (95% CI=0.38-0.99) respectively, and reduced susceptibility to ESCC only among individuals with UGIC history, with adjusted OR of 0.51 (95% CI=0.29-0.89). CONCLUSION: SHMT1 1420C/T genotype could significantly reduce susceptibilities to ESCC and GCA among individuals from high risk areas in Hebei Province of China.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2006

[Correlative analysis between HLA high resolution typing and GVHD in 48 cases received unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation].

Unrelated umbilical cord blood units for 54 cases in 21 transplant centers were provided by Guangzhou Cord Blood Bank in China from 1998 to 2003. This study was aimed to identify HLA-DRB1 alleles by means of PCR sequencing based typing methods (SBT) and to analyze the correlation between HLA-DRB1 alleles and GVHD in unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). 48 out of 54 patients received UCBT were followed up. DNA were extracted from cryopreservation blood of recipients/donors with UCBT, HLA-DRB1 alleles typing were done by SBT. Compared with low resolution results of HLA-DRB1 alleles, high resolution results were analyzed to see any correlation between HLA-DRB1 alleles and GVHD. by double-blind statistically analysis of HLA-DRB1 high resolution in 48 donor/recipient typings in UCBT. The results showed that the incidence of GVHD (25%) in patients who has HLA-DRB1 alleles matched with donors significantly lower (65.6%) than that in the patients with HLA-DRB1 alleles mismatched (P = 0.008). It is concluded that HLA-DRB1 by high resolution typing method is important in clinical application in UCBT.

Alleles↗

PubMed2006

[Development of a new hydrophobic interaction chromatography absorbent and its application to the purification of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen].

A new hydrophobic absorbent based on homemade highly cross-linked agarose beads was synthesized by immobilizing butyl derivative onto the matrix linkage. The density of ligand was controlled by adjusting the concentration of butanethiol and the synthesis route was optimized by evaluating the purification efficiency of recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. A high performance absorbent was finally screened out with up to 80% of HBsAg recovery and purification-fold (PF) about 20. Furthermore, the column pressure was about 0.06 MPa under the flow rate of 500cm/h, and no leaked butyl were detected after exposing the gel in common buffers, chaotropic agents, high concentrations of denaturing agents such as guanidine hydrochloride, urea and polar organic solvents. These results demonstrated that the absorbent have high physico-chemical stability, so it was available for the downstream process. Finally, after scaled up to 2L wet gel/batch, the absorbent was applied to the integration of three-step chromatography and obtained the purified CHO-HBsAg with 95% purity by SDS-PAGE and HPLC, which meet the requirements of SFDA. The purification efficiency and the reproducible ability of the absorbents were also evaluated from batch-to-batch. The results demonstrated that the absorbent met the requirement of scalable, reproducible, economic effect as well. This absorbent is a promising alternative exported HIC gel for wildly being used in Chinese pharmaceutical industries.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Impact of flutamide on sex differentiation in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the adverse effect of flutamide on the sex differentiation of F1 generation male rats and to establish a rat model of hypospadis. METHODS: Sixty pregnant SD rats were divided randomly into one control group and five treatment groups. Flutamide was injected subcutaneously (sc) with normal salin (NS) at a dose of 0, 4882.8, 5078.1, 5273.4, 5468.7, and 6250.0 microg/kg x d to the rats in the above groups respectively during the period of gestation day (GD) 12 to 17. The fetuses of two rats from each group were anatomized on GD18 to extract genital tubercle (GT) to make pathological sections. Meanwhile, the position of testes and the development of prostates were examined. The position of urethral opening and testes were examined on GD2, 13 and 28. RESULTS: The incidence of hypospadias increased with the dose of flutamide (0, 29.00%, 40.00%, 63.68%, 78.72%, and 100% for the above groups respectively). The incidence of single cryptorchidism also increased with the dose of flutamide (0, 4.23%, 6.23%, 9.23%, 11.52%, and 16.28% for the above groups respectively). Flutamide led to 100% incidence of prostate agenesis,100% incidence of female-like areola of nipple, and 100% incidence of female-like anogenital distance (AGD). CONCLUSION: Flutamide can cause abnormal sex differentiation and sex development and induce the experimental model of hypospaias in rats.

Androgen Antagonists↗

PubMed2006

[Results of unrelated umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation for 65 patients in China].

OBJECTIVE: From December 1998 to April 2004, 3960 umbilical cord blood units were stored in Guangzhou cord blood bank, which provided 100 umbilical cord blood units to 25 transplant center for 83 patients with malignant or non-malignant diseases. To study the related factors affecting unrelated umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation, the authors analyzed retrospectively the results of transplantation of unrelated umbilical cord blood stem cells for 65 patients. METHODS: ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia) cord blood units were obtained from full term normal vaginal and cesarean deliveries in Guangzhou Women and Infants Hospital. The fractionation, cryopreservation and thawing of the cord blood were performed according to the regulations of New York umbilical cord blood bank and pertinent literature. The selection of cord blood was based on HLA typing and the number of nucleated cells. The sex and HLA antigens of donors were defined as the evidence of engraftment. Time to engraftment was recorded when the absolute number of neutrophil ANC (absolute neutrophil count) was higher than 5.0 x 10(8) for three days. Event-free survival and graft versus host disease (GVHD) were provided by transplant centers. RESULTS: Out of 65 patients who received unrelated cord blood stem cell transplant, 49 patients were diagnosed as having malignant diseases [including 23 with ALL, 16 with AML (acute myeloid leukemia), 7 with CML (chronic myelogenous leukemia), 3 with lymphoma and one with MDS (myelodysplastic syndrome)], 16 patients had non-malignant disease. The 65 transplanted patients (42 male, 23 female) had a median age of 10 years (range 1 - 33 years) and a median body weight of 27 kg (range 10 - 67 kg). The patients received cord blood stem cells from unrelated 0-locus (n = 9) or 1-locus (n = 43) or 2-locus (n = 13) HLA mismatched donor. The median dose of infused cells was: total neutrophil count (TNC) 5.7 x 10(7), CD(34)(+) 5.1 x 10(5), CFU-GM 3.8 x 10(4). Fifty of 65 (77%) patients had engraftment. GVHD occurred in 41 patients (63%), including acute grade I - II GVHD in 31 patients (76%), acute grade III - IV GVHD in 8 patients (20%) and chronic GVHD in 2 patients (5%). Fifty patients had engraftment (ANC > 5.0 x 10(8)) after a median time of 17 (range 7 to 44) days after transplant, while an autologous hematopoietic reconstitution was observed in 6 patients; 24 patients died of severe pneumonia (n = 8), acute GVHD (n = 4), or sepsis (n = 12) and the disease-free survival probability was 61%. CONCLUSIONS: Unrelated allogeneic umbilical cord blood transplantation may be a good substitution for unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with a good prospect.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibodies against Helicobacter pylori].

OBJECTIVE: To prepare and identify monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Helicobacter pylori (Hp). METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized with the supernatant and precipitation of cultured Hp after ultrasonication and mAbs were obtained by means of hybridoma technique. The resultant mAbs was evaluated for subtype, titer, affinity, and further identified with Lpp20, HspA, urease A, CagA, urease B, and catalase prepared by recombinant expression. RESULTS: Totally 34 hybridoma cell lines were established which secreted specific mAbs, including 31 against the supernatant and 3 against the precipitation of Hp, and the prepared mAbs showed specific reaction against Lpp20 (3 strains), HspA (2 strains), urease A (4 strains), CagA (1 strain), urease B (5 strains), and catalase (2 strains) antigens, respectively. The mAbs was all identified as immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and theirs titer in the culture supernatant and ascites was 1:16 to 1:32 and 1:32000 to 1:64000 respectively with affinity constants (K(aff)) ranging from 1 x 10(-10) to 5.2 x 10(-12) mol/L. CONCLUSION: The mAbs specially against Hp have been obtained, which may facilitate further study of detection and vaccine development of Hp.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Relationship between serum interleukin-10 and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) level and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS: Eighteen MS subjects and 18 age-matched normal subjects were enrolled. IR was evaluated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique and serum IL-10 level measured by ELISA. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between serum IL-10 level and IR. RESULTS: Serum IL-10 levels were significantly higher in patients with MS than in the controls [1.3 (0.8/3.1) pg/ml vs 2.4 (1.1/4.5) pg/ml, P<0.05], and glucose metabolic rate (M value) derived from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique was lower in MS subjects than in controls [(5.76+/-1.81) mg/kg.min vs (8.39+/-1.25) mg/kg.min], P<0.05]. Serum IL-10 levels showed a positive correlation with M value (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with MS have greater IR and lower serum IL-10 levels than normal subjects, and lowered IL-10 levels might be involved in the pathogenesis of IR in MS.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 mRNA in endometriosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) in ectopic endometriosis tissue and uterine endometrium from women with and without endometriosis. METHODS: Thirty-eight women with endometriosis (Revised American Fertility Society classification, RAFSI-IV) were selected as study group. Thirty-eight specimens of ovarian endometrioma (ovarian chocolate cysts, OCC), 16 red peritoneal endometriotic lesions (RPL), and 35 matched eutopic endometrium (Eu) were collected from them simultaneously at the time of surgery. Twenty specimens of endometrium from reproductive women undergoing laparoscopic surgery without endometriosis were obtained as control group. The mRNA expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Expression of TIMP-1 mRNA was detected in all samples. The level from endometriosis patients and control group was similar (2.31 +/- 1.21, 2.40 +/- 0.89). However, ectopic endometrium expressed significantly fewer TIMP-1 mRNA (OCC 1.67 +/- 0.79, RPL 1.45 +/- 0.68) compared with eutopic endometrium from both endometriosis and endometriosis-free patients (P < 0.05). The positive expression rate of MMP-9 mRNA was not distinctively different among all samples. The density of MMP-9 mRNA expression in endometrium (0.49 +/- 0.28) from endometriosis patients was similar to that in ectopic endometriosis (OCC 0.46 +/- 0.22, RPL 0.33 +/- 0.12), but was significantly higher compared with endometrium (0.29 +/- 0.12) without endometriosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An increase of MMP-9 mRNA expression of eutopic endometrium with endometriosis might enhance the endometrial implantation ability, thus facilitate the ectopic implantation of endometrium. Ectopic lesions express significantly less TIMP-1 mRNA, indicating they have increased invasive ability, which might facilitate the development of endometriosis.

Actins↗

PubMed2006

[Modified guanidine hydrochloride method for DNA extraction from cord blood used in HLA genotyping].

To compare two different methods for extracting genomic DNA from cord blood and to evaluate their applications for HLA genotyping, the genomic DNA from 72 samples was extracted by guanidine hydrochloride (Gu * HCl) and modified guanidine hydrochloride, the DNA yield and purity were evaluated by spectrophotometry and detected by PCR with sequence-specific primers. The result showed that the genomic DNA was successfully isolated from whole blood by both methods. The modified Gu * HCl method used was better than Gu * HCl method as the modified method produces better quality of DNA and less ambiguous bands in PCR. It is concluded that modified Gu * HCl method has the advantages of low-cost, simple operation, high quality output and clear positive bands in HLA-genotyping, the modified method is optimal for extracting DNA from multiple samples of cord blood bank.

DNA↗

PubMed2006

[Protective effect of vitamin C on protein activity in plasma during virus inactivation].

To determine whether addition of vitamin C (Vit C) to single-unit plasma could influence the efficacy of inactivating viruses and could maintain the activity of plasma proteins by methylene blue (MB)-light treatment. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana strain was used as the indicating virus. Human plasma containing VSV was added with different concentrations of Vit C and final concentration 1 micromol/L MB and irradiated by fluorescence at an intensity of 40,000 lx, samples were collected at different times for detection. Cytopathic effect was used to test the effect of virus inactivation. A segment of the nucleic acid encoding capsid protein of VSV was amplified with RT-PCR. Some methods, such as the Clauss method, the one-stage method, microimmunoelectrophoresis, were used to investigate the changes of plasma components. The results showed that when the VSV plasma was added with 240 micromol/L Vit C and treated by MB-light irradiation for 60 min, the titer of VSV decreased by more than 8 lg TICD50/ml. Meanwhile, target segment amplification of VSV was also negative. The recovery rates of fibrinogen and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII: C) were 83.55% and 81.67% respectively, which had significant difference comparing with the routine MB-fluorescent light treatment. Most of plasma proteins were not affected significantly. No change in immunogenicity of these proteins was observed by using microimmunoelectrophoresis. It is concluded that virus inactivation is not influenced and plasma proteins are effectively protected by Vit C. Vit C can be used as a protector and is beneficial to improving the quality of plasma subjected to MB- photodynamic treatment.

Ascorbic Acid↗

PubMed2006

[Construction and expression of chimeric anti-human CD20 monoclonal antibody].

AIM: To construct the eukaryotic expression vector of chimeric anti-human CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and realize its expression. METHODS: The light- and heavy-chain genes were amplified from hybridoma cell line 1-28 secreting anti-human CD20 mAb by RT-PCR and were cloned to T vector and sequenced. Proteins of mAb 1-28 were separated by reducing SDS-PAGE. Light- and heavy-chain bands were excised from preparative gel, digested by trypsin, and subjected to peptide mass fingerprinting. Software Biolynx and pepeseq were used to evaluate the score of probability. Correctness of the light- and heavy-chain DNA sequences was verified by their protein sequences. Genes of V(H) and V(L) were amplified from T vector and cloned into chimeric antibody expression vector (pCMV-V(H) and pCMV-V(L)), generating the expression vectors of chimeric anti-human CD20 mAb (C1-28) including light chain expression vector C1-28L and heavy chain expression vector C1-28H. The two plasmids were co-transfected into 293T cells with Lipofectamine 2000. RT-PCR was used to detect the transcription at mRNA level. C1-28 expression was detected by Sandwich ELISA and Western blot methods. RESULTS: mAb 1-28's genes were successfully cloned and verified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Eukaryotic expression vectors of anti-human CD20 mAb were constructed and expressed in 293T cells with the expression amount reaching 257 mg/L and the molecular weight consistent with that of human IgG. CONCLUSION: These experiments lay solid foundation for further study on the role of chimeric CD20 antibody in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2006

[Quantum dots and their applications in cancer research].

Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals with physical dimensions smaller than the exciton Bohr radius. As their fluorescence emissions are size-tunable, we can acquire any spectrum from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared by changing the particles' radiuses. The large Stokes shifts of quantum dots can be used to further improve detection sensitivity. The luminescence intensity is high and stable. Single quantum dots have longer excited state lifetimes, and they appear 10-20 times brighter than organic fluorescent dyes. And they have good biocompatibility because quantum dots with appropriate shells don't interfere with physiological processes, such as growth, development, signaling and motility. With the development of optical labeling and imaging technology, many present conventional biomedical methods have limitations in microcosmic direct real-time researches of bio-molecular interactions and early diagnosis of malignant tumors. The invention of quantum dots and their biomedical applications make them as good markers for tumor cell tracing and targeting in cancer research, such as prostate cancer, mammary cancer, cervical cancer, basal cell carcinoma, liver cancer, and melanoma. The current research is focused on tumor markers imaging and molecular interaction based on tangible carriers such as cells and tissues. The next research orientation would be to tap the potential of this highly sensitive technology to image tumor biomarkers in serum and other body fluids, so as to increase the early diagnosis rate of malignant tumors.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Studies on gene expression and the 5' CpG islands methylation status of E-cadherin in acute myeloid leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between E-cadherin gene expression and the methylation status of E-cadherin 5' CpG islands in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), flow cytometry and methylation specific PCR were used to analyze the E-cadherin gene and protein expression and its 5' CpG island methylation status respectively in bone marrow cells from 55 AML patients and 7 normal controls. RESULTS: AML cells displayed a significant reduction or lack of E-cadherin gene and protein expression, the positive rates were 23.6% and 18.2% (P < 0.01), respectively. All normal bone marrow cells were E-cadherin positive. Thirty-eight of the 55 patients (69.1%) were E-cadherin 5' CpG island methylated whereas the normal controls were completely unmethylated. Twenty-nine of thirty-one (93.5%) E-cadherin-negative samples showed abnormal hypermethylation of the E-cadherin CpG islands. CONCLUSION: Expression downregulation and methylation of E-cadherin gene in AML suggest that it might be an important event in AML. E-cadherin methylation was associated with the inhibition of E-cadherin gene and protein expression in AML.

Cadherins↗

PubMed2006

[Relationship between genetic polymorphisms of Interferon-gamma gene intron 1 +874 site and susceptibility of hepatitis B virus infection].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible relationship between the polymorphisms of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) gene intron 1 at position +874 and the susceptibility of hepatitis B virus infection. METHODS: IFN-gamma gene single nucleotide polymorphism (intron 1 at position +874) were detected in 531 subjects including 231 chronic carrier of hepatitis B virus (group CC), 165 individuals who spontaneously recovered from HBV infection (group SR) and 135 healthy controls, by polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers. RESULTS: Significant difference of IFN-gamma +874 AA genotype frequency was found between group CC (TT, TA and AA frequencies were 9.1%, 12.1% and 78.8%, respectively) and control group (TT, TA and AA frequencies were 12.6%, 23.0% and 64.4%, respectively) (chi(2) = 9.60, P = 0.008), but no significant difference found between group SR (TT, TA and AA frequencies were 13.9%, 23.7% and 62.4%, respectively) and control group (chi(2) = 0.16, P = 0.92). CONCLUSION: There was association between IFN-gamma gene polymorphism (intron 1 at position +874) and chronic HBV infection. This study suggested the possibility that IFN-gamma gene polymorphism (intron 1 at position +874) might be important in determining an individual's susceptibility in the development of chronic HBV infection.

Carrier State↗

PubMed2006

[Resolution of racemic anti-hepatitis drug ( +/- ) -bicyclol].

AIM: To study the different biological activities of the enantiomers of the anti-hepatitis drug (+/-)-bicyclol, the (+/-)-bicyclol was resolved. METHODS: By being treated with optically active alkaloid, the two diastereoisomers alkaloid salts of the compound could be obtained, separately. After decomposing and methylating, they were transformed separately into (-)-bicyclol and (+)-bicyclol. RESULTS: The two enantiomers of bicyclol were determined by melting point, [alpha]D, 1H NMR, MS and chiral column HPLC. CONCLUSION: Comparison of hepatoprotective action of racemic bicyclol and (-)-, (+)-bicyclol on experimental liver injury, the effect of (-)-bicyclol was two times more potent than that of racemic bicyclol and the potency of (+)-bicyclol was much less than that of the racemate.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed2006

[Protein-protein interaction between ESAT-6 and CFP-10 of mycobacterium tuberculosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protein-protein interaction between ESAT-6 and CFP-10 of mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS: ESAT-6 gene and CFP-10 gene were amplified from mycobacterium tuberculosis genome DNA. The ESAT-6 gene was subcloned into pGBKT7 and the CFP-10 gene was subcloned into pGADT7-Rec. After being verified with restriction endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing, the recombinant vectors were transformed into yeast cell AH109 by lithium acetate method. RESULTS: The yeast cells co-transformed with pGBKT7-ESAT-6 and pGADT7-CFP-10 grew on SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp plates, and beta-galactosidase activity assays showed positive results. CONCLUSION: ESAT-6 and CFP-10 protein could interact with each other in yeast cells.

Antigens, Bacterial↗