Biomedical subjects

Yan Gao

Publications and source records attributed to Yan Gao.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Visual outcome with the array multifocal intraocular lens].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the visual outcome of Array IOL, and examine the location of the lens. METHODS: 255 eyes in 196 patients received phaco and IOL implantation were randomized as test group 121 eyes (Array IOL) and case control group 134 eyes (monofocal Hydroview IOL). Postoperative examination included distance and near, uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, refractive results, and measurement of corneal curvature. Follow-up period ranged from three months to one year. RESULTS: Three months after surgery, 97.2% eyes (107/110) in test group with Array IOL had a distance visual acuity >/= 0.5, and in 24.5% (27/110) >/= 1.0. The difference was not significant (P > 0.05). 84.6% eyes (93/110) in test group had an uncorrected near acuity >/= 0.5 and 20.0% (22/110) >/= 1.0. The difference was significant (P < 0.01). The rate of wearing spectacles was 33.3% in test group and 90% in case control group. One month after surgery, 6 eyes in test group with haptic asymmetric location were not affected with visual recovery. The surgery-induced astigmatism in test group was 0.31 D, and no visual impairment appeared in both groups. Posterior capsule opacification was seen in 6 eyes in test group and 12 in case control group. CONCLUSION: The implantation of Array IOL not only has a good distance uncorrected visual acuity, but also with better near visual acuity. Also this surgery is safe, reliable and no special complication-induced.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Theoretical study on the structure and spectra of C72O3].

The optimized geometries and stability of eight different isomers of C72O3, the five-membered ring derivatives of C70 fullerenes, were investigated by using AM1 method. According to the optimized geometries of eight different isomers, AM1 and ZINDO/Cl method were employed to study the vibrational spectra and electronic spectra, respectively. The calculated results indicate that the -C2O3 groups are added preferably to the seats of CI-CII and CIII-CIII bond to form the isomers of A and B. The additive C-C bond is elongated to become primarily a single bond. The stability of isomer B is very similar to that of isomer A that has been prepared experimentally. The calculated vibrational spectra of isomer A, similar to those of isomer B, are consistent well with the results from the experiment. The electronic transitions of isomers of C72O3 were assigned and the red shift of electronic spectra was discussed. The spectra of other isomers were predicted theoretically.

English Abstract↗

PubMed2003

Critical evaluation of desorption phenomena of heavy metals from natural sediments.

In natural sediments, the majority of heavy metal ions are generally associated with the solid phase. To become bioavailable, the metal ions must desorb from the solid. Numerous studies of heavy metals in sediments have suggested that sorption and desorption exhibit hysteresis (i.e., the two processes are not reversible), while other studies have suggested that desorption hysteresis does not exist. In this study, sorption/desorption hysteresis of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) was evaluated over the following range of conditions: (i) desorption induced by replacing the supernatant liquid with contaminant-free electrolyte solution; (ii) desorption induced by lowering the solution pH with mineral acid; and (iii) desorption induced by sequestration with EDTA. Given the importance of dissolved organic and inorganic ligands in regulating heavy metal behavior in nature sediments, sorption/desorption experiments were conducted on both untreated and prewashed sediments. Prewashing treatment increases the sorption potential of Cd but not Pb. Desorption hysteresis is observed in both the untreated and the prewashed sediments using the replaced supernatant method, and the desorption hysteresis appears to increase with aging time. Hysteresis is not observed when desorption is initiated by lowering the solution pH. A large fraction of the sorbed heavy metal ions can be easily desorbed by EDTA; between 0.04 and 1.2 mmol/kg Cd and Pb ions are resistant to desorption.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2003

[Association of small, dense low density lipoprotein with stroke].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between small, dense LDL (sLDL) and stroke in Chinese population. METHODS: The plasma level of sLDL was examined by 2% - 16% nondenatured gradient gel electrophoresis in 204 patients with stroke, including 103 cases of ischemic cerebral infarction (ICI), 51 cases of lacunar infarction (LI), and 50 cases of subcortical hemorrhage (SH), and in 341 sex- and age-matched controls in China. Traditional risk factors for stroke were investigated as well. RESULTS: The plasma level of sLDL was significantly higher in patients with ICI and LI (54 +/- 8% and 52 +/- 7%) than in the controls (47 +/- 11%, both P < 0.01). However, the plasma sLDL of the CH patients was 50 +/- 9%, not significantly different from that of the controls (P > 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that sLDL was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, age, and the levels of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that those with sLDL > 50% had increase of risk of ischemic cerebral infarction (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.649 - 5.691, P < 0.001) independent of other risk factors. The relationship between sLDL abnormality and LI and between sLDL abnormality and SH had no statistical significance (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: sLDL is significantly associated with ischemic cerebral infarction independent of other risk factors in Chinese population. sLDL may be a new marker for stroke at least in this Chinese population.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Cryo-atomic force microscopy of unphosphorylated and thiophosphorylated single smooth muscle myosin molecules.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether steric blockage of one head by the second head of native two-headed myosin was responsible for the inactivity of nonphosphorylated two-headed myosin compared with the high activity of single-headed myosin, as suggested on the basis of electron microscopy of two-dimensional crystals of heavy meromyosin (Wendt, T., Taylor, D., Messier, T., Trybus, K. M., and Taylor, K. A. (1999) J. Cell Biol. 147, 1385-1390; and Wendt, T., Taylor, D., Trybus, K. M., and Taylor, K. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98, 4361-4366). Our earlier cryo-atomic force microscopy (cryo-AFM) (Zhang, Y., Shao, Z., Somlyo, A. P., and Somlyo, A. V. (1997) Biophys. J. 72, 1308-1318) indicates that thiophosphorylation of the regulatory light chain increases the separation of the two heads of a single myosin molecule, but the thermodynamic probability of steric hindrance by strong binding between the two heads was not determined. We now report this probability determined by cryo-AFM of single whole myosin molecules shown to have normal low ATPase activity (0.007 s-1). We found that the thermodynamic probability of the relative head positions of nonphosphorylated myosin was approximately equal between separated heads as compared with closely apposed heads (energy difference of 0.24 kT (where k is a Boltzman constant and T is the absolute temperature)), and thiophosphorylation increased the number of molecules having separated heads (energy advantage of -1.2 kT (where k is a Boltzman constant and I is the absolute temperature)). Our results do not support the suggestion that strong binding of one head to the other stabilizes the blocked conformation against thermal fluctuations resulting in steric blockage that can account for the low activity of nonphosphorylated two-headed myosin.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Clinical and virological course of dual infection by hepatitis B and C viruses in China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and virological course of dual infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in China. METHODS: We enrolled 40 patients with chronic HBV and HCV dual infection (Group BC), 16 patients with chronic single HBV infection (Group B) and 31 patients with chronic single HCV infection (Group C). They infected HBV and/or HCV during 1982 to 1989. The sera of all the 87 patients were collected in 1994 and 2002 respectively. We detected biochemical and virologic markers and quantitative serum HCV DNA and HCV RNA levels of all the patients. The B-type ultrasound detecting was performed in some patients. RESULTS: In Group BC, 67.5% of the patients have cleared HBsAg, and 92.5% of the patients have cleared HBeAg. The clearance rate of HBV DNA was 87.5%. There was no significant difference of HBV clearance between Group BC and Group B. In Group BC, the clearance rate of HBV-RNA was 87.5%, significantly higher than those in Group C. Less than 40% of the patients in all groups have elevated liver enzyme values. The highest value of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 218 u/L (normal range for ALT 0 - 40 u/L). In most patients the ultrasonogram presentations were changed mildly. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of patients with HBV/HCV coinfection seemed mild and occult. High clearance of HBV, easy to clear HBV in male patient was the characteristics of infection by HBV in adult time in China. HBV could inhibit HCV replication, but no evidence could be found in our data that HCV could suppress HBV replication.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis induced by antithyroid agents].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in hyperthyroidism at different stages and treated with different drugs and to investigate the relationship between the ANCA specific target antigens and the clinical manifestations of vasculitis. METHODS: Two hundred and sixteen patients with hyperthyroidism were divided into four groups: untreated (n = 34), treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) (n = 62), treated with methimazole (MMI) (n = 77), and treated with both PTU and MMI (n = 43). Sera were collected from the 216 patients. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test was used to detect the ANCA and antinuclear antibody (ANA). Antigen-specific ELISA was used to detect the existence of 7 specific target antigens of ANCA: myeloperoxidase (MPO), proteinase 3 (PR3), lactoferrin (LF), human leukocyte elastase (HLE), azurocidin (AZU), cathepsinG (CG), and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in the sera positive in ANCA and ANA determined by IIF. RESULTS: The IIF positive rate was 5.9% (2/34) in the untreated group; 22.6% (14/62) in the patients treated with PTU, all IIF-ANCA positive; 6.5% (5/77) in the patients treated with MMI, all IIF-ANA positive; and 27.9% (12/43) in the patients treated with both PTU and MMI, 8 IIF-ANA positive and 3 IIF-ANCA positive. The IIF-ANCA positive rate in the patients receiving PTU was significantly higher than that in the untreated patients (P < 0.017). The IIF-ANA and IIF-ANCA positive rates of the patients treated with PTU were both significantly higher than those of the patients treated with MMI (P < 0.017). Six of the IIF-positive 31 patients administered with drugs (19.4%) had signs and symptoms associated with vasculitis. Of the six patients, 4 were MPO antibody positive (66.7%), 2 were PR3 antibody positive (33.3%), 4 were LF antibody positive, 3 were HLE antibody positive, 3 were AZU antibody positive, and 2 were CG antibody positive. None was anti-BPI antibody positive. Two of the six patients were both anti-MPO and anti-PR3 negative. All MPO-ANCA positive patients had clinical signs and symptoms of vasculitis. CONCLUSION: PTU is associated with the production of ANCA in patients with hyperthyroidism. PTU induced ANCA is caused by polyclonal activation of B cells. Anti-MPO antibody may be related to the occurrence of clinical vasculitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Relative stasis of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in natural duration].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the evolution of HCV quasispecies in persistent and self-limited infection patients. METHODS: Peripheral blood HCV preserved for 10 years from 8 naive patients were analyzed. HCV core and E2 genes were cloned and sequenced. Genetic distances of different isolates at different time were analyzed by phylip software. RESULTS: The genetic distances of HCV quasispecies were higher in persistent infection patients than that of self-limited patients. In each patient the genetic distance of HCV E2 region isolates were higher than that of HCV C region which has some relationship between each other. In the 4 persistent patients there exist no differences between within-group and between-group genetic distance in HCV C region and also exist no differences in HCV E2 region in 2 of the 4 persistent patients. CONCLUSIONS: The diversity degree of HCV quasispecies may affect the outcome of hepatitis C. Research on HCV C and E2 region to study HCV quasispecies may obtain different results. The distribution of HCV quasispecies may be stable in hepatitis C natural history.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

The fps/fes proto-oncogene regulates hematopoietic lineage output.

OBJECTIVE: The fps/fes proto-oncogene is abundantly expressed in myeloid cells, and the Fps/Fes cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase is implicated in signaling downstream from hematopoietic cytokines, including interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and erythropoietin (EPO). Studies using leukemic cell lines have previously suggested that Fps/Fes contributes to granulomonocytic differentiation, and that it might play a more selective role in promoting survival and differentiation along the monocytic pathway. In this study we have used a genetic approach to explore the role of Fps/Fes in hematopoiesis. METHODS: We used transgenic mice that tissue-specifically express a mutant human fps/fes transgene (fps(MF)) that was engineered to encode Fps/Fes kinase that is activated through N-terminal myristoylation (MFps). Hematopoietic function was assessed using lineage analysis, hematopoietic progenitor cell colony-forming assays, and biochemical approaches. RESULTS: fps(MF) transgenic mice displayed a skewed hematopoietic output reflected by increased numbers of circulating granulocytic and monocytic cells and a corresponding decrease in lymphoid cells. Bone marrow colony assays of progenitor cells revealed a significant increase in the number of both granulomonocytic and multi-lineage progenitors. A molecular analysis of signaling in mature monocytic cells showed that MFps promoted GM-CSF-induced STAT3, STAT5, and ERK1/2 activation. CONCLUSIONS: These observations support a role for Fps/Fes in signaling pathways that contribute to lineage determination at the level of multi-lineage hematopoietic progenitors as well as the more committed granulomonocytic progenitors.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Efficacy of acarbose in Chinese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.

This multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the efficacy of acarbose in Chinese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (determined using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test). Subjects were randomised to either placebo or acarbose 50 mg t.i.d. for a period of 16 weeks. Primary efficacy variables were the maximum postprandial plasma glucose value (C(max)) and the serum insulin profile. Secondary efficacy parameters included postprandial glucose profile, maximum postprandial insulin concentration (C(max)), changes in lipid profile and blood pressure and HbA(1c) and body weight and conversion to Type 2 diabetes. In the intention-to-treat analysis, acarbose treatment resulted in significantly higher reductions in postprandial glucose and serum insulin concentrations compared to placebo. Triglyceride concentration was the only lipid parameter to be significantly reduced in acarbose subjects. Loss of body weight was also significantly greater for acarbose than placebo subjects. Some 19 individuals converted to Type 2 diabetes (seven acarbose, 12 placebo), but this difference was not significant. Acarbose is efficacious in improving the metabolic state of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance indicating a potential benefit for the delay or prevention of onset of Type 2 diabetes in Chinese subjects.

Acarbose↗

PubMed2003

Spontaneous viral clearance after 6-21 years of hepatitis B and C viruses coinfection in high HBV endemic area.

AIM: To investigate the clinical and virological course of coinfection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in China. METHODS: We enrolled 40 patients with chronic HBV and HCV coinfection (Group BC), 16 patients with chronic HBV infection (Group B) and 31 patients with chronic HCV infection (Group C). They infected HBV and/or HCV during 1982 to 1989. Sera of all the 87 patients were collected in 1994 and 2002 respectively. We detected biochemical and virologic markers and serum HBV DNA and HCV RNA levels of all the patients. B-type ultrasound detection was performed in some patients. RESULTS: In Group BC, 67.5 % of the patients cleared HBsAg, and 92.5 % of the patients cleared HBeAg. The clearance rate of HBV DNA was 87.5 %. There was no significant difference of HBV clearance between Group BC and Group B. In Group BC, 85.7 % of males and 47.4 % of females cleared HBV, and males were easier to clear HBV (chi(2)=6.686, P=0.010). Such a tendency was also found in Group B. The clearance rate of HCV RNA in Group BC was 87.5 %, significantly higher than that in Group C (chi(2)=22.963, P<0.001). Less than 40 % of the patients in all groups had elevated liver enzyme values. The highest value of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 218 u/L (normal range for ALT is 0-40 u/L). In most patients the ultrasonogram presentations changed mildly. CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestations of patients with HBV/HCV coinfection are mild and occult. High clearance rate of HBV and easy to clear HBV in male patients are the characteristics of HBV infection in adults in China. HBV can inhibit HCV replication, but no evidence has been found in our data that HCV suppresses HBV replication.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Autologous adoptive immunotherapy without destruction of infected cells during the treatment of chronic hepatitis B].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the profile of liver histological damage after autologous adoptive immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK cells) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS: 16 CHB patients were randomly enrolled and received autologous adoptive immunotherapy, then followed up 52 weeks. Liver samples were taken from the patients to evaluate the degree of inflammation and fibrosis. The markers of hepatitis B virus and liver function were also detected. RESULTS: 4 patients had two liver-biopsied samples before therapy and after 52 weeks follow-up. One patient's histological assessment revealed a significant improvement in intralobular necroinflammation (G2 --> G1) and fibrosis (S2 --> S1). The others failed to show obvious changes in liver histology. After 10 days culture in vitro, phenotypic characterization of CIK cells changed significantly by flow cytometry. The percentage of CD4+ cells decreased gradually, while the percentage of CD8+ cells increased from 20% to 60% - 80%. After 52 weeks follow-up, HBV DNA was negative (HBV DNA<4pg/ml in serum) in 6 out of 14 patients. The rates of both HBeAg/anti-HBe seroconversion and alanine aminotransferase normalization were 42.86%(6/14). There was no HBsAg/anti-HBs seroconversion. There was few severe treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSION: Autologous adoptive immunotherapy doesn't induce the damage of liver histology in chronic hepatitis B patients, which inhibits hepatitis B virus replication by a certain noncytotoxic mechanism.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Studies of heat shock protein 60 and heat shock protein 70 in oral lichen planus].

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of heat shock protein (HSP) 60 and HSP70 in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP). METHODS: The immunohistochemical SP methods were used to detected the expression of HSP60 and HSP70 in 62 cases of oral lichen planus, 10 cases of normal oral mucosa, 21 cases of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), 10 cases of benign lymphoadenosis of mucosa, 46 cases of leukoplakia. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of HSP60 mRNA and HSP70 mRNA in 12 cases of OLP and 5 cases of normal oral mucosa. RESULTS: HSP60 was expressed at much higher levels in OLP than other groups. The expression of HSP70 decreased in epithelial cells in erosive lichen planus group. HSP60 mRNA and HSP70 mRNA were expressed at high level in OLP. CONCLUSION: HSP60 and HSP70 play an important role in pathogenesis of OLP.

Chaperonin 60↗

PubMed2003

[Determination of Pb and Cd in atomospheric particulates by flame atomic absorption spectrometry coupled with on-line flow injection pretreatment with ultrasonic leaching].

In this paper, the method for extracting the metals from the filter membrane of the atomospheric particulates with ultrasonic leaching was reported. The dissolution conditions of kinds and acidity as well as the interference conditions were studied. The method of determination Pb and Cd of the atomospheric particulates by flame atomic absorption spectrometry coupled with on-line flow injection preconcentration was proved to be rapid and accuracy. The recoveries are more than 97%. The relative standard deviation of six samples are less than 2.6%.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed2003

[Effect of electromagnetic pulse irradiation on structure and function of Leydig cells in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) irradiation on structure and function of Leydig cells in mice. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen male Kunming mice were randomly divided into irradiated and control group, the former radiated generally by 8 x 10(3) V/m, 2 x 10(4) V/m and 6 x 10(4) V/m EMP respectively five times within two minutes. Pathological changes of Leydig cells were observed by light and electron microscope. Serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) were measured dynamically by radioimmunoassay at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 28 d after irradiation. RESULTS: Main pathological changes were edema and vacuolation, swelling of cytoplasmic mitochondria, reduce of lipid droplets, pale staining of most of lipid droplets, and partial or complete cavitation of lipid droplets in Leydig cells within 28 days after EMP radiation. Compared with normal controls, serum T decreased in all in different degrees within 28 days, and dropped significantly at 6 h-14 d, 6 h-7 d and 1 d-28 d after 8 x 10(3) V/m, 2 x 10(4) V/m and 6 x 10(4) V/m EMP irradiation(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). EMP irradiation caused no significant changes in serum LH and E2. CONCLUSIONS: Leydig cells are among those that are the most susceptible to EMP irradiation. EMP irradiation may cause significant injury in structure and function of Leydig cells in mice, whose earlier and continuous effect is bound to affect sexual function and sperm production.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Inhibition of MCP-1 mRNA expression by propylene glycol mannate sulfate in hyperlipidemic rat aorta].

AIM: To study the effects of prophylene glycol mannate sulfate (PGMS) on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression in hyperlipidemic rat aorta and to clarify the molecular mechanism of PGMS for the prevention of atherosclerosis. METHODS: PGMS (37.8 and 75.6 mg.kg-1.d-1, ig) or PGMS (37.8 and 75.6 mg.kg-1.d-1, ig) combined with diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC, an inhibitor of SOD, 200 mg.kg-1 every three days, i.p.) were given to hyperlipidemic rats for three weeks. The MDA content and SOD activity were determined after 12 h of starvation, and MCP-1 mRNA expression in aorta was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: There was significant decrease (29.46% or 58.40)% of MCP-1 mRNA expression in aortic after the therapy. The SOD activity increased markedly and the MDA content decreased at the same time. After treatment with DDC, the SOD activity was inhibited and the MDA content increased, but with no significant effect on MCP-1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: PGMS inhibited MCP-1 mRNA expression with no relation to its effect on decreasing MDA content.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Evaluation of the use of dental operating microscope and ultrasonic instruments in the management of blocked canals].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of dental operating microscope (DOM) and ultrasonic instruments in treating blocked canals. METHODS: 135 blocked canals in 92 teeth were treated with ultrasonic tips and files under DOM. The etiology of canal blockage included calcification, broken instruments, post, resinifying therapy or ledge. These canals were negotiated and root canal therapy or pretreatment was performed. The success rates were calculated. RESULTS: 77 teeth were successfully managed with a success rate of 83.7%. 84.4% of the blocked canals were negotiated. The success rates of each category of the blocked canals were: 88.1% for calcified canals; 76.9% for canals blocked by instrument fragments; 100% for canals blocked by post; 81.1% for canals subjected to resinifying therapy; and 78.6% for ledged canals. Complications such as root canal perforation or vertical fracture did not occur. CONCLUSION: The use of DOM and ultrasonic instruments is proved to be an effective way in the management of blocked canals.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Relation of pentanucleotide repeat polymorphism of apolipoprotein (a) gene to plasma lipoprotein (a) level among Chinese patients with myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction].

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the distribution and characteristics of 5'pentanucleotide TTTTA repeat (PNTR) polymorphism of apolipoprotein (a) [apo (a)] gene among Chinese patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebral infarction, and its relationship to plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] level. METHODS: DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 438 patients with myocardial infarction (MI, documented angiographically) and 218 controls, and 809 patients with cerebral infarction (documented by CT) and 1 817 controls. Plasma Lp (a) level was measured by ELISA. PNTR polymorphism of apo (a) gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Eight alleles and 29 genotypes in apo (a) PNTR were detected in the four groups. The frequency of (TTTTA)(4 - 7) allele in the cerebral infarction group was 7.0%, significantly higher than that in control group (5.4%, P < 0.05). The frequency of genotype (TTTTA)(5/8) in MI group was 13.2%, significantly higher than that in the control group (7.8%, P < 0.05). No significant difference was seen in other alleles and genotypes among different groups (all P > 0.05). The level of triglyceride (TG) in patients with MI was 5.13 mmol/L +/- 1.15 mmol/L, significantly higher than that in controls (4.90 mmol/L +/- 0.99 mmol/L, P < 0.05). The level of TG in patients with cerebral infarction was 1.84 mmol/L +/- 1.36 mmol/L, not significantly different from that in controls (1.83 mmol/L +/- 1.51 mmol/L). The level of total cholesterol (TC) in patients with MI was 4.85 mmol/L +/- 1.04 mmol/L, significantly lower than that in controls (4.97 mmol/L +/- 1.00 mmol/L, P < 0.001). The level of TC in patients with cerebral infarction was 1.97 +/- 1.11 mmol/L, not significantly different from that in controls (1.79 mmol/L +/- 1.23 mmol/L). A negative correlation between the number of PNTR and Lp (a) level was observed in both MI group (P < 0.001) and cerebral infarction group (P < 0.01), and not in the control group. Small fragment repeat of apo (a) PNTR was correlated with cerebral infarction (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.040 approximately 1.910), not significantly with MI (P > 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that individuals with plasma Lp (a) > 300 mg/L had higher risk of MI (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.630 - 3.594), and a higher risk of cerebral infarction (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.013 - 2.021) after adjustment for age, sex, SBP, DBP, BMI, smoking, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and Glu. CONCLUSION: Plasma Lp (a) is an independent risk factor for MI and cerebral infarction. PNTR of apo (a) gene was negatively correlated with Lp (a) levels both in MI group and cerebral infarction group. Association with PNTR genotype was only found in cerebral infarction, but not in MI.

Adult↗