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Biomedical subjects

Y Zhong

Publications and source records attributed to Y Zhong.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A comparative study of genetic variation at five VNTR loci in three ethnic groups of Houston, Texas.

Following the technique of Southern blot restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) analysis, we generated a database of DNA profiles at five Variable Number of Tandem Repeats loci (D1S7, D2S44, D4S139, D10S28, and D17S79) for 669 individuals of three major ethnic populations (Caucasians, Blacks, and Hispanics) of Houston, Texas. Analysis of fragment sizes at these loci within each sample, as well as their fixed-bin analyses, reveal that the assumptions of independence of allelic occurrences within and between loci are valid for this database. Fixed-bin allele frequency tables, therefore, are the best descriptors of this database for conservative forensic calculations. Finally, we demonstrate that this regional database from Houston, Texas, does not yield any meaningfully different forensic inference than the one obtained from the National database of the respective ethnic groups.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

Potential years of life lost and work tenure lost when silicosis is compared with other pneumoconioses.

Potential years of life lost (PYLL) and potential years of work lost (PYWL) because of pneumoconiosis were studied using the data from the Nationwide Epidemiological Study on Pneumoconioses in China. The cases were patients diagnosed with pneumoconiosis between 1949 and 1986. The subjects studied for PYLL included 74 741 cases ranging in age from 15 to 75 years, while for PYWL there were 74 224 cases with 1 to 35 years of remaining employment experience. Overall there were 1 489 692 potential years of life lost, and there was an average of 19.9 years for all pneumoconioses. Silicosis had the greatest mean PYLL with an average of 22.1 years. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis was the second leading cause of PYLL with an average of 17.0 years. The mean PYWL for all pneumoconioses was 19.7 years, and the mean PYWL from silicosis was 21.5 years. The conclusion was reached that silicosis is the most serious pneumoconiosis in China with regard to years of life lost, and chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic pulmonary disease and tuberculosis are the main causes of death for patients with pneumoconiosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of accuracy of measuring intraocular pressure by handheld non-contact applanation tonometer].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of measuring intraocular pressure by handheld non-contact applanation tonometer. METHOD: 58 patients' (113 eyes) intraocular pressure were measured by Keeler, non-contact tonometer and R 900 Goldmann applanation tonometer and the results of measurement of intraocular pressure by the two kinds of tonometers were compared. RESULT: The mean intraocular pressure measured by non-contact is 16.31 +/- 5.59 mmHg and 17.49 +/- 6.13 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.1333 kPa) by Goldmann applanation tonometer, respectively. There was no statistical significance to be found (P > 0.05) between the two methods. By linear correlation and regression analysis, a positive correlation was found between the two methods (r = 0.8942, b = 0.8154). CONCLUSION: The handheld non-contact tonometer has the same accuracy and reliability of measurement of intraocular pressure comparing with Goldmann applanation tonometer, and it can be used in glaucoma clinic and screening.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and potassium channel subunit eag similarly affect plasticity in Drosophila.

Similar defects in both synaptic transmission and associative learning are produced in Drosophila melanogaster by inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and mutations in the potassium channel subunit gene eag. These behavioral and synaptic defects are not simply additive in animals carrying both an eag mutation and a transgene for a protein kinase inhibitor, raising the possibility that the phenotypes share a common pathway. At the molecular level, a portion of the putative cytoplasmic domain of Eag is a substrate of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. These similarities in behavior and synaptic physiology, the genetic interaction, and the in vitro biochemical interaction of the two molecules suggest that an important component of neural and behavioral plasticity may be mediated by modulation of Eag function by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Localization of the 7H6 antigen at tight junctions correlates with the paracellular barrier function of MDCK cells.

An important function of the tight junction is to act as a selective barrier to ions and small molecules, although no molecule responsible for the barrier function has been identified. Here we report evidence that the localization of the 7H6 tight junction-associated antigen identified in our laboratory at tight junctions correlates with the barrier function of MDCK cells. MDCK cells in a confluent monolayer possessed a polarized morphology, having an apical plasma membrane and a basolateral membrane, which is separated from the former by tight junctions. MDCK cells expressed both ZO-1 and 7H6 antigen at tight junctions, which maintain a tight barrier as determined by resistance to lanthanum permeation and high transepithelial electrical resistance (TER, 1500 ohm-cm2). The 7H6 antigen disappeared as tight junctions became permeable to lanthanum with a decrease in TER (below 100 ohm-cm2) due to treatment with metabolic inhibitors (10 microns antimycin A and 10 mM 2-deoxyglucose) for 30 min, while leaving ZO-1 at the cell border. The 7H6 antigen appeared at tight junctions again as TER recovered to a high level (1500 ohm-cm2) within 3 h after withdrawal of metabolic inhibitors. In addition, we found that 7H6 antigen is a phosphorylated protein and that phosphorylation is closely related to the localization of 7H6 antigen in the area of tight junctions.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1994

Linkage disequilibria among (CA)n polymorphisms in the human dystrophin gene and their implications in carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies.

Four short tandem repeat loci, characterized by length polymorphisms of (CA)n repeats, have been detected within introns 44, 45, 49, and 50 of the human dystrophin gene. The predicted heterozygosities for these loci range from 72 to 93%, and observed allele numbers range from 6 to 19 in 57 normal chromosomes, revealing their high degree of polymorphism. Evidence for significant disequilibria between the loci within introns 49 and 50 is found. These data appear to be consistent with observations of recombination frequencies between these markers and the length of the intron 44 in relation to the entire region. In addition, these four loci are collectively found to be 100% informative in carrier detection/prenatal diagnosis of Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophies (B/DMD), whereas scoring the (CA)n markers within introns 45 and 49 alone gives a 99.6% success rate.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Sequential changes in intercellular junctions between hepatocytes during the course of acute liver injury and restoration after thioacetamide treatment.

Sequential changes of gap junctions (GJs), tight junctions (TJs) and desmosomes (DSs) between hepatocytes during restorative proliferation were studied in rats after a single intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg thioacetamide (TAA). Antibody against connexin 32 was used to demonstrate GJs; simultaneously the changes in TJs and DSs were studied using antibodies against 7H6 protein and desmoplakins. Propidium iodide and bromodeoxyuridine were used to recognize necrotic and proliferative cells. GJs were evenly distributed in early necrotic hepatocytes at 16 h after TAA treatment, then disappeared from necrotic and surrounding cells at 24 h. At 48 h, GJs had disappeared completely from hepatocytes in whole liver lobules, while many hepatocytes were heavily labelled with BrdU. At 72 h, GJs reappeared, firstly in perinecrotic areas. At 96 h after treatment, when the injured areas had disappeared and restorative proliferation ceased, GJs were distributed evenly throughout the lobules. Immunohistochemical observation of GJs in centrilobular, perinecrotic and periportal areas after TAA-induced hepatic necrosis was confirmed by counting the number of connexin-32-positive spots in the respective areas. TJs and DSs disappeared from necrotic cells at 24 h, but then increased between 24 and 48 h in perinecrotic areas, though the increased intensity of these junctions was more evident at 48 h. At 72 h, localization of TJs and DSs returned to normal. These results suggest that during the course of acute hepatic injury, GJs (cell-cell communication) behave differently from other intercellular junctions.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Paternity evaluation in cases lacking a mother and nondetectable alleles.

In parentage testing the formulae for computing paternity index and exclusion probability generally ignores the presence of nondetectable alleles at the loci tested. In contrast, it is now known that even when paternity testing is done with hypervariable DNA markers, nondetectable alleles should not be ignored. This work presents simple formulae needed with this consideration, to analyze paternity evaluation from DNA markers in cases where the mother of the disputed child is unavailable for testing. It is shown that even a modest frequency of nondetectable alleles (e.g., 2-5% per locus) may have a substantial impact on the paternity index when the child and/or the alleged father exhibits a single-banded DNA profile at a locus. Use of such formulae can generate a high probability of exclusion and a high paternity index when multiple independently segregating hypervariable DNA markers are used.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Temporal averaging for quantification of lumen dimensions in intravascular ultrasound images.

Quantitative analysis of arterial dimensions from high frequency intravascular ultrasound images (30 MHz) may be hampered by strong blood scattering. Replacement of blood by saline is one method to provide a clear view of the arterial lumen; another method is that of temporal averaging of successive ultrasound images. The accuracy of this latter method was tested by comparing the lumen area measurements on the temporal-averaged image, with the data of the same cross-section obtained from the single-frame and saline-filled images. The mean lumen area measured on the temporal-averaged images was similar to that measured on the single-frame images (mean difference: -0.02 +2- 1.16 mm2; p = ns). The mean lumen area of the saline-filled images was 8% larger than the values obtained from the temporal-averaged and single-frame images (mean difference: -1.14 +/- 0.85 mm2, p < 0.05), probably due to the difference in sound velocity between saline and blood. Intraobserver variation in the averaging method were 2.4 times smaller than the measurements of the single-frame images and close to the data obtained by saline injection (variation coefficient: single-frame: 8.8%; temporal-averaged: 3.6%; saline-filled: 2.9%). It is concluded that analysis from temporal-averaged images is more efficient, enabling accurate and reproducible measurement of the luminal dimensions from images containing blood scattering echoes. This technique is suitable to replace the laborious saline injection method and facilitates off-line quantitative analysis.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Sequential decrease in tight junctions as revealed by 7H6 tight junction-associated protein during rat hepatocarcinogenesis.

A sequential decrease in the number of hepatocyte tight junctions during the course of rat hepatocarcinogenesis was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry with a new 7H6 monoclonal antibody generated in our laboratory. Semiquantitative analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the expression of 7H6 antigen was reduced in hyperplastic foci, hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) to 43%, 28% and 25%, respectively, compared to corresponding normal liver tissues. 7H6 antigen was scarce in HCC with a trabecular pattern, whereas it was expressed intensely at the apical and basolateral membrane of HCC with a glandular pattern. Immunoblot analysis of 7H6 expression in hepatocellular carcinomas showed a decrease roughly coincident with that shown by immunohistochemistry. These results indicated, for the first time, that tight junctions decrease progressively during carcinogenesis, leading to disruption of cellular polarity and cellular adhesiveness.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide stimulates steroidogenesis and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate accumulation in cultured rat granulosa cells.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a novel neuropeptide with considerable homology to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH). Because we have shown previously that VIP and GHRH stimulate steroidogenesis in cultured rat granulosa cells independently of FSH, the present studies evaluated whether PACAP also stimulates steroidogenesis and compared its effects to those of VIP and GHRH. Granulosa cells cultured for 2 days with PACAP-27, VIP, or GHRH (10(-9)-10(-6) M) showed dose-dependent increases in the accumulation of progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, and estrogen. The rank order of potency for the three peptides was PACAP >> VIP > GHRH. PACAP also increased cAMP accumulation and was again more potent than VIP. In addition, all three peptides synergistically augmented FSH-stimulated progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone accumulation with the same rank order of potency as above; however, only the highest dose of each peptide augmented estrogen accumulation. Further studies examined the effects of various androgens on these responses. PACAP-stimulated progesterone accumulation was minimal in the absence of androstenedione, but increased up to 40-fold in its presence. Other synthetic and naturally occurring androgens produced similar increases with a rank order of potency of R1881 > testosterone = androstenedione > dihydrotestosterone. Analysis of cAMP levels indicated that by 1 h after treatment with PACAP, cAMP levels within the cells increased by 4-fold, and this response was unaltered in the presence of androstenedione; however, by 48 h, cAMP levels had markedly declined, and this response was attenuated by androstenedione. These results demonstrate that PACAP stimulates steroidogenesis and cAMP accumulation in cultured rat granulosa cells, and it is more potent than its two homologs, VIP and GHRH. Because PACAP has been shown to be present within the ovary, these data indicate that this peptide may play a role in modulating ovarian steroidogenic activity.

Androgens↗
PubMed1994

[125I-alpha-sec-butyl-p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol receptor competitive binding assays in animal body].

Based on the receptor competitive binding assays in the mice and rat body, it has been proved that both diazepam and alpha-sec-butyl-p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (G-018) can inhibit 125I-G-018 binding with brain benzodiazepine receptor. Inhibiting effects were obvious in the cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and midbrain. But in the medullao blongata and hypothalamus no inhibiting effect was observed. Experimental results have demonstrated that the inhibiting effect is consistent with distribution of benzodiazepine receptor in the brain. Also, experimental results have shown no difference between in vitro and in vivo. The G-018 binding with benzodiazepine receptor has been clarified under physiologic conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Biodistribution and metabolism of 3H-gastrodigenin and 3H-gastrodin in mice].

The biodistribution and metabolism of 3H-gastrodigenin and 3H-gastrodin after intravenous injection were studied by the detection of their radioactivity in mice tissue; the radioactive elements of mice tissue extracts after intravenous injection of 3H-gastrodin were analyzed with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The results demonstrated that gastrodin could penetrate through the blood-brain barrier into the brain, and it was rapidly decomposed into the gastrodigenin in brain, liver and blood. Then gastrodigenin preserved in brain and mediated its pharmacological inhibitive effects on the central nervous system. Most of the gastrodigenin and gastrodin were excreted by the kidney. The findings also suggested that gastrodin might exist in the enterohepatic circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of 13 short tandem repeat loci for use in personal identification applications.

Personal identification by using DNA typing methodologies has been an issue in the popular and scientific press for several years. We present a PCR-based DNA-typing method using 13 unlinked short tandem repeat (STR) loci. Validation of the loci and methodology has been performed to meet standards set by the forensic community and the accrediting organization for parentage testing. Extensive statistical analysis has addressed the issues surrounding the presentation of "match" statistics. We have found STR loci to provide a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method of DNA typing for parentage testing, forensic identification, and medical diagnostics. Valid statistical analysis is generally simpler than similar analysis of RFLP-VNTR results and provides powerful statistical evidence of the low frequency of random multilocus genotype matching.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Nondetectability of restriction fragments and independence of DNA fragment sizes within and between loci in RFLP typing of DNA.

We provide experimental evidence showing that, during the restriction-enzyme digestion of DNA samples, some of the HaeIII-digested DNA fragments are small enough to prevent their reliable sizing on a Southern gel. As a result of such nondetectability of DNA fragments, individuals who show a single-band DNA profile at a VNTR locus may not necessarily be true homozygotes. In a population database, when the presence of such nondetectable alleles is ignored, we show that a pseudodependence of alleles within as well as across loci may occur. Using a known statistical method, under the hypothesis of independence of alleles within loci, we derive an efficient estimate of null allele frequency, which may be subsequently used for testing allelic independence within and across loci. The estimates of null allele frequencies, thus derived, are shown to agree with direct experimental data on the frequencies of HaeIII-null alleles. Incorporation of null alleles into the analysis of the forensic VNTR database suggests that the assumptions of allelic independence within and between loci are appropriate. In contrast, a failure to incorporate the occurrence of null alleles would provide a wrong inference regarding the independence of alleles within and between loci.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Vascular architecture of the human optic chiasma and bitemporal hemianopia.

The blood supply system of the optic chiasma was studied in 85 fresh human specimens using various histological and anatomical methods. Computer image analysis and ultrastructural examinations of the microvessel in 58 fetal specimens were also conducted. The authors found that the medial portion of the chiasma is a weak point in the microcirculation network. This weak point is apt to be disturbed first and become ischemic, causing disorders of the crossing optic nerve fibers and resulting in characteristic bitemporal visual field defects. SEM studies showed no ultrastructural difference between the capillaries at the medial and lateral portions of the chiasma. It was concluded that: 1) No special artery supplies the median chiasma the weak point of microcirculation at the median chiasma is due to its relatively scanty capillary distribution; 2) "lateral chiasma arteries" could provide a better blood supply to the lateral fibers and thus the nasal quadrantic visual field could be preserved in many late stages of visual field defect in sellar region tumors; 3) cases with pituitary microadenoma which is not sufficiently large to press the chiasma but involves bitemporal visual field defect are due to the tumor receiving "shunt-flow" (stealing blood) from the chiasma through the peri-infundibulum plexus.

Capillaries↗