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Biomedical subjects

Y Yu

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yu.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Morphologic study of the laryngeal taste buds in the cat.

The distribution of laryngeal taste buds (TBs) and their neutral components in the cat were investigated by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The antisera used in this study were against cytokeratin, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein, calbindin D, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP). Taste bud cells were specifically immunoreactive to the antibodies of human cytokeratin subtypes 8 and 18 (CAM5.2). On observation with CAM5.2, TBs were seen distributed on the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis and spread caudally along the aryepiglottic folds, reaching peak density at the laryngeal side of the arytenoid tubercle. The PGP9.5 and NSE immunoreactivities were recognized in TB cells and nerve fibers, both within the TBs and in the subepithelial connective tissue. S-100 protein immunoreactivities were not found in any of the cells in the TBs but were found exclusively in the subepithelial neural elements. The calbindin-D, CGRP, and SP immunoreactivities were confined to a part of the neural elements that was very thin. Taste pores, taste villi, neuronal varicosity, and synapselike structures were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. From these results it is considered that the TBs act as a chemical receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cardiac involvement in a family with Becker muscular dystrophy.

We report a family with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) presenting with cardiac involvement. The proband was a 41-year-old Japanese man who was hospitalized with exertional dyspnea and muscle weakness. Cardiac examination showed findings consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy. Dystrophin immunohistochemical analysis showed a discontinuous patchy staining pattern in cardiac and skeletal muscles biopsied from the proband. His brothers had high creatine kinase (CK) activity and abnormal electrocardiogram. Dystrophin gene analysis revealed that the proband and his brothers had G-to-T transversion at the terminal nucleotide of exon13. We conclude that the mutated dystrophin gene may cause cardiac involvement as a symptom precedent to skeletal muscle involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Increased milk production of cows in early lactation fed chemically treated soybean meal.

Holstein cows in early lactation and producing about 35 kg/d of milk were fed TMR for ad libitum intake and 1 kg/d of long alfalfa hay. Soybean meal and soybean meal treated by a novel technique were compared in diets of 15 and 17% CP in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Digestibilities of DM, CP, and ADF were significantly lower for treated soybean meal diets. Mean DMI was about 21 kg/d and was unaffected by treatment. Milk production was significantly increased during wk 7 to 16 of lactation for cows fed treated soybean meal diets. The production of SCM and milk components was greater for cows fed treated soybean meal than for cows fed soybean meal, but the differences were not significant. By wk 16, compared with wk 3 of lactation, the persistency of production of milk and lactose was markedly increased by treated soybean meal. The persistency of milk protein production was 100.5% for cows fed the diet containing treated soybean meal at 17% CP and about 97% for the other diets. The hypothesis that Met supply was limiting secretion of milk protein in cows fed treated soybean meal is discussed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1995

Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery. Successful correction for a 7-year-old patient.

A 7-year-old girl with an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery restored connection of the left coronary artery to the ascending aorta by aortocoronary bypass graft. Aortocoronary bypass grafting was performed with a vascular prosthesis. Postoperative angiography showed a patent left coronary artery without narrowing or kinking. Clinical improvement was rapid and the left ventricular function recovered completely.

Child↗
PubMed1995

[Action of Rhodobrum roserm Limpr on changes of red cell aggregation and yield-shear stress in dogs with acute experimental coronary occlusion].

Following acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in dogs, significant increases were observed in the red cell aggregation index, yield-shear stress and red cell electrophoretic time in blood drained from ischemic area. When transfusion was performed with Rhodobrum roseum solution from the right femoral vein, significant rises of the above-said items were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Body weight and self-ratings of health.

Does body weight affect self ratings of health? If yes, are health ratings affected by being overweight, underweight, or both? These questions are examined in this research note with data from a national sample of adults surveyed in 1986 (N = 3, 497). Obesity is associated with lower ratings of health among persons with similar levels of morbidity and functional limitation; being underweight does not independently influence health ratings. The effect of being overweight is similar for Black and White adults as well as for men and women. Finally, health ratings for older people were more positive than anticipated regardless of body weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Functional analysis of the CPS I upstream sequences with a CAT assay].

Expression plasmids (pKCPSx-CAT) containing carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) upstream sequences of different lengths were constructed, and the function and characteristics of the sequences were studied with the CAT assay. The results showed that the CPS I upstream sequences exerted highly tissue-specific control on CPS I gene expression, and the -142- -38bp region relative to the cap site was found to be indispensable for CPS I gene transcription. The -1700- -161bp region contains sequences which confer an enhancing effect on CPS I gene transcription. Dexamethasone and thioproline (a differentiation inducer) showed enhancing effects on CPS I gene transcription in hepatoma cells. These results would have significance in studies on the gene regulation of CPS I associated with the mechanism of hepatocyte differentiation and carcinogenesis.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1995

[Congenital kinking of the aorta: report of 5 cases].

5 patients with congenital kinking of the aorta, one male and 4 females with a mean age of 29 years (age range, 10-37 years), underwent surgical-treatment. There was a systolic murmur at the left sternal border and the interscapular area and hypertension only in the right arm. A chest rentgenogram showed a widened left superior mediastinum. Angiograms showed elongation, kinking and aneurysm formation of the aortic arch and descending aorta and the aneurysm ruptured in one. Three patients were associated with coarctation of the aortic arch, one with coarctation of the upper descending aorta and another with interruption of the aortic arch. All the patients had an excellent results. The clinical features, morphology, surgical techniques and postoperative care were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The use of a shuttle plasmid to study nontargeted mutagenesis and its sequence specificity.

Intact pZ189 DNA was replicated in monkey kidney vero cells which had been pretreated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The mutants were selected in E. coli MBM7070 and the mutation frequencies involving mutants with unchanged electrophoretic mobility of their plasmid DNA were scored. When compared to the spontaneous mutation frequency, the mutation frequencies were increased by 5.8 and 2.9-fold in cells pretreated with 0.2 and 2 mumol/L MNNG, respectively. The supF genes of these mutants were sequenced, and it was found that the types of base substitution and the sites of frameshifts differed from findings in studies of spontaneous and targeted mutagenesis. The results suggest that nontargeted mutagenesis occurs in mammalian cells and may have a sequence specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Pathological research on isolated microcallus formation in 576 vertebrae].

576 vertebrae specimens obtained from 24 autopsy cases were studied for microcallus. Microcallus consisted of osteocytes which originated from osteoblasts located on the surface of trabeculae and from medullary reticulum cells. In the early stage, microcallus is immature woven bone which later transforms into mature lamellar bone. The incidence of microcallus is related to stress on the vertebral body and to the age of the patient, therefore, most microcallus were found in the lumbar vertebrae and in the elderly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Clinicopathologic characteristics of primary liver cancer in patients younger than 35 years].

To investigate clinicopathologic characteristics of primary liver cancer (PLC) in young adults, 77 patients younger than 35 years were compared with 603 patients older than 35 years during the same period. In the young patients, PLC showed a low incidence of PLC detected at mass survey (young 15.6% versus older 28.7%, P < 0.05); a low incidence of hepatitis history (young 36.8% versus older 66.3%, P < 0.01); a high incidence of positive hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) (young 79.2% versus older 67.6%, P < 0.05); a low incidence of associated cirrhosis (young 64.9% versus older 90.7%, P < 0.01); larger tumor size (PLC > 5cm; young 87.0% versus older 73.0%, P < 0.01); a more advanced stage of the disease in TNM classification (stage III; young 29.9% versus older 18.2%, P < 0.05). It is suggested that hepatitis B virus (HBV) may play an important role in the development of PLC without associated liver cirrhosis in the young patients. A close periodic surveillance of young adults with a positive HBsAg is important to detect PLC at an early stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The morphologic changes of endometrial hematostatic reaction in intrauterine devices induced menorrhagia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) induced menorrhagia and endometrial spiral arteriolar contractive function and endometrial superficial vessels thrombus formation function. METHODS: Sixty five subjects were admitted and divided into IUD bleeding group (25 cases), IUD non-bleeding group (20 cases) and IUD non-user group (20 cases). The samples were obtained by curettage within 24 hours prior to menstruation and observed under light and electron microscope. The morphologic changes of endometrial micro-vessels, spiral arterioles were observed and diameter of spiral arterioles were measured. RESULTS: Compared with IUD non-user group, the degenerative changes of spiral arteriolar wall were more severe and the dilatation of spiral arteriolar lumen was obvious especially in spongious layer. In IUD non-bleeding group, these changes were mild. The platelet and fibrin thrombus count was the highest in IUD non-bleeding group and the lowest in IUD bleeding group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that IUD induced menorrhagia might correlated with poor contraction of spiral arterolars in spongious layer and poor thrombus formation. Mild degeneration and dilatation of spiral arterioles and a lot of thrombus were seen in IUD non-bleeding group, and this might be the cause that the mentrual blood loss in this group did not increase obviously.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of olbetam on hyperlipidemia in NIDDM].

The effect of Olbetam on serum lipid and lipoproteins was studied in 30 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia in four weeks trial. The dose of Olbetram was 500 mg/d. The results showed serum concentrations of TC, TG, and VLDL-C were decreased while HDL-C especially HDL2-C increased significantly after treatment. There were no significant changes in FBG, blood creatinine and urine acid. This result suggests Olbetam can improve dyslipidemia in NIDDM and was well tolerated by all patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Iron regulates cytoplasmic levels of a novel iron-responsive element-binding protein without aconitase activity.

Iron-responsive element-binding proteins (IRE-BPs) are cytosolic proteins that bind to a conserved RNA stem-loop, termed the iron-responsive element (IRE), that is located in the 5'- or 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs involved in iron metabolism. Binding of the IRE-BP to 5'-IREs represses translation, whereas binding to 3'-IREs stabilizes the mRNA. The previously identified IRE-BP (BP1) contains a 4Fe-4S cluster and has sequence homology to mitochondrial aconitase. The 4Fe-4S cluster is important for iron-dependent regulation: BP1 containing iron has low affinity for the IRE and contains aconitase activity, whereas BP1 lacking iron has high affinity for the IRE, but lacks aconitase activity. A second IRE-BP (BP2) has been identified in rat tissues and cells and exhibits many of the hallmarks of an IRE-BP, including binding to the IRE and functioning as a translational repressor of IRE-containing RNAs. BP1 and BP2 RNA binding activities are decreased in extracts from cells treated with iron, indicating that BP1 and BP2 are negatively regulated by iron. Although BP1 and BP2 share similar characteristics, they differ in two significant ways. Unlike BP1 levels, which do not change when RNA binding activity decreases in response to iron, BP2 decreases to undetectable levels in extracts from cells treated with iron; and unlike BP1, BP2 does not have aconitase activity. These data indicate that BP1 and BP2 are distinct proteins that have similar specificity for IRE binding and that function similarly in translation, but are regulated by iron via different mechanisms.

Aconitate Hydratase↗
PubMed1994

Squamous esophageal histology and subsequent risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. A prospective follow-up study from Linxian, China.

BACKGROUND: Linxian, China, has some of the highest rates of esophageal cancer in the world. Previous authors have proposed that esophagitis, atrophy, and dysplasia may be precursor lesions of esophageal cancer in such high risk populations. METHODS: To examine the relationship between squamous esophageal histology and subsequent esophageal cancer in Linxian, the authors prospectively followed 682 participants of a 1987 endoscopic survey for 3.5 years and compared their initial biopsy diagnoses with the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma during this follow-up period. RESULTS: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was identified in 52 (7.6%) of the participants during the follow-up period. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for squamous cell carcinoma incidence by initial histologic diagnoses were as follows: normal, 1.0 (reference); basal cell hyperplasia, 2.1 (0.4-9.8); mild dysplasia, 2.2 (0.7-7.5); moderate dysplasia, 15.8 (5.9-42.2); severe dysplasia, 72.6 (29.8-176.9); dysplasia not otherwise specified, 22.9 (6.7-78.0); and carcinoma in situ, 62.5 (24.1-161.9). CONCLUSION: In this study, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ were the only histologic lesions associated with a significantly increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus within 3.5 years after endoscopy. Increasing grades of dysplasia were associated with increasing risk, but severe dysplasia were associated with increasing risk, but severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ had similar degrees of risk, findings that suggest a continuous spectrum of esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia, without morphologically distinguishable dysplasia and in situ carcinoma. A longer follow-up will be necessary to fully evaluate the less severe diagnostic categories, which may take more than 3.5 years to affect the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma in this high risk population.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Esophageal balloon cytology and subsequent risk of esophageal and gastric-cardia cancer in a high-risk Chinese population.

Linxian, China has some of the highest rates of esophageal/gastric cardia cancer in the world. In 1983, esophageal balloon cytology screening was performed in 3 communes in northern Linxian. Of the participants, 10,066 with no evidence of cancer were followed prospectively for 7 1/2 years to evaluate the ability of the initial cytologic diagnoses to identify individuals at increased risk for developing cancer of the esophagus or gastric cardia. A total of 747 incident cases of esophageal or cardia cancer and 322 deaths due to these tumors were identified during the follow-up period and used in this analysis. The risks for esophageal or cardia cancer incidence and mortality increased in parallel with the presumed severity of the 1983 Chinese cytologic diagnoses. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, relative risks for esophageal or cardia cancer incidence, by initial cytologic diagnosis, were normal = 1.00 (reference), hyperplasia = 1.25, dysplasia 1 = 2.20, dysplasia 2 = 4.22 and near-cancer = 5.96. Our results suggest that esophageal balloon cytology, as performed and interpreted in Linxian in 1983, successfully identified individuals at increased risk for developing cancer of the esophagus or gastric cardia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of respiratory syncytial virus F, G, and SH proteins in cell fusion.

Recombinant expression of the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) glycoprotein, receptor-binding glycoprotein (G), and small hydrophobic (SH) protein was performed to determine the role(s) of these proteins in syncytia formation. These studies used a vaccinia virus expressing the bacteriophage (T7) RNA polymerase gene and plasmid vectors containing the RSV genes under the control of a T7 promoter. Within the context of this expression system, expression of any individual RSV gene, or coexpression of F+G genes, did not elicit the formation of syncytia. However, at plasmid input levels which were 10-fold higher than those normally used, coexpression of F+G induced low but detectable levels of cell fusion. In contrast, coexpression of F, G, and SH together elicited extensive cell fusion resembling that of an authentically infected cell monolayer. In addition, coexpression of F and SH elicited significant cell fusion, although to a lesser extent than was observed when G was included. Cell fusion induced by coexpression of F+SH was found to be specific to the RSV proteins, since coexpression of SH with the analogous F proteins from human parainfluenza virus type 3, human parainfluenza virus type 2, Sendai virus, or simian virus type 5 (SV5) did not elicit cell fusion. Finally, coexpression of the SV5 SH protein with the RSV or SV5 glycoproteins also failed to induce syncytia, suggesting type-specific restrictions between the two sets of viral proteins.

Animals↗