[The ERG c-wave and slow PIII in albino rabbits. 3. Changes in wave pattern in light and dark adaptation].
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Adaptation, Ocular↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Yoshimura
Publications and source records attributed to Y Yoshimura.
Studies of the mechanism(s) of mammalian ovulation.
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Animals↗
[A study on the prophylactic effect of cefotaxime against postoperative infections in the obstetrical and gynecological field].
Prophylactic effect of cefotaxime (CTX) against postoperative infection at a dose level of 2 g intravenous per day for 5 days was investigated using fever index in patients who underwent abdominal cesarean section, abdominal simple panhysterectomy or radical hysterectomy. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Total fever index values were 3.53 +/- 2.07 degree hours in a group receiving CTX for prophylactic purpose in abdominal cesarean section (n = 15), 22.25 +/- 0.19 degree hours in a group that had infections before cesarean section and was treated with CTX (n = 2), 3.79 +/- 3.87 degree hours in a group administered with CTX for prophylactic purpose in abdominal simple panhysterectomy (n = 13), at a low level of 3.10 +/- 3.60 degree hours in a group administered with CTX and astromicin (400 mg i.m. per day for 5 days) for prophylaxis in abdominal simple panhysterectomy (n = 13), and 6.72 +/- 3.14 degree hours in a group receiving CTX for prophylaxis in radical hysterectomy (n = 7). When daily fever index values were expressed as cumulative proportions (%) of total fever index, specific patterns were observed for different types of surgical procedures. As the results obtained in our current study as well as our previous study indicate, different antibiotics also influenced these patterns differently. No abnormal laboratory findings nor side effects attributable to CTX were observed.
Adult↗
[Clinical effect of cefuzonam against infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology].
Clinical studies of cefuzonam (CZON, L-105) were performed in patients of obstetrics and gynecology, and the results obtained are summarized below. 1. CZON was intravenously administered at a daily dose of 1-2 g to 11 cases including 3 cases with intrauterine infection (pyometra), 2 cases of intrapelvic infection (1 case of pelvic dead space infection and 1 case of pelvic peritonitis), 1 case of adnexitis, and others (2 cases of vaginal cuff infection, and 1 case each of vaginal abscess, Baltholin's abscess, and vulvar abscess). Clinical efficacy was excellent in 1 case and good in 10 cases. 2. CZON showed a good antibacterial effect in single and mixed infections. 3. Neither side effects nor abnormal values in clinical laboratory findings attributable to the drug were observed.
Adult↗
Estradiol reverses the limiting effects of clomiphene citrate on early embryonic development in the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary.
This study examined whether the addition of estradiol (E2) to the perfused rabbit ovary would reverse the deleterious effects of clomiphene citrate (CC) on early embryonic development. Ovaries were perfused with CC (10(-5) M) or CC + E2 (1 to 1000 ng/ml). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 50 IU) was added to the perfusate of each ovary. In vitro ovulated ova in cumulus were retrieved and inseminated in vitro. E2 significantly increased the percentage of ovulated ova achieving (1) the 2-cell stage at 36 hours, (2) the morula stage by 84 hours, and (3) the blastocyst stage at 132 hours. The percentage of inseminated ova showing evidence of degeneration was reduced in ovaries treated with E2. These data suggest that CC may exert an antiestrogenic effect on the intrafollicular oocyte, which interferes with postfertilization development.
Animals↗
Refinement of the "reverse-U" incision for the repair of cleft lip nose deformity.
Modifications of the reverse-U operation of Tajima are described which remove the "plica vestibularis" and prevent recurrence of the nasal deformity by adding lining tissue to the deformed nasal cavity. Good results have been achieved in both primary repair in infants and secondary repair.
Adult↗
Phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase from bovine thyroid: characteristics and subcellular distribution of the enzyme and its substrates.
Ca2+-phosphatidylserine-dependent protein kinase activity was demonstrated in whole thyroid homogenates, cytosol, particulate, and membrane fractions. Although Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase was difficult to detect in purified thyroid plasma membranes, an EGTA extract of such membranes had this activity. While phosphatidylinositol did not stimulate the enzyme, it enhanced the response to phosphatidylserine in the presence of 10 mmol/L free Ca2+. The enzyme was active at concentrations of free Ca2+ as low as 1 mumol/L but was inhibited at Ca2+ in excess of 500 mumol/L. Bovine thyroid contained endogenous substrates of 38,000 and 33,000 daltons for thyroid or purified spleen Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. The 38,000 dalton polypeptide was present in all the subcellular fractions while the 33,000 dalton substrate was present only in the whole homogenate and cytosolic fraction. The 38,000 dalton polypeptide, like the Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, was released from thyroid plasma membranes by EGTA. Phosphorylation of this substrate was rapid, highly sensitive to Ca2+, and inhibited by chlorpromazine (100 mumol/L) and trifluoperazine chlorpromazine (100 mumol/L) and trifluoperazine (100 mumol/L). Several substrates of a phospholipid-independent, Ca2+-dependent protein kinase with molecular weights of 51,000, 76,000, and 96,000 were also observed. This Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein phosphorylation system may be important in the membrane-associated functions of the thyroid.
Animals↗
Effect of clomiphene citrate on in vitro ovulated ova.
The effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) on developmental capacity of ovulated ova was studied with isolated in vitro perfused rabbit ovaries. Fifty-two ovulated ova were recovered from ovaries perfused with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a medium containing CC and 45 ova from ovaries perfused with hCG in a CC-free medium. Ova were cultured and inseminated with capacitated sperm and observed serially for evidence of fertilization and stage of development. CC did not affect the fertilization of ovulated ova. However, the percentage of ova which had reached the morula stage by 60 hours was significantly reduced in the CC-treated (15.4%) group, compared with the control group of ovaries (48.9%). A significant percentage of inseminated ova from CC-treated ovaries (65.4%) showed evidence of degeneration, as compared with control ovaries (37.8%). Thus, a partial loss of developmental capacity may explain the discrepancy observed between the rate of successful ovulation induction and the establishment of pregnancy associated with CC administration in humans.
Animals↗
Induction of ovulation with pulsatile subcutaneous administration of human menopausal gonadotropin in anovulatory infertile women.
Pulsatile administration of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) via the subcutaneous route was evaluated in 15 patients with various ovulatory disorders. Administration of hMG was started at a dose of 4.6875 IU (75 IU/day) or 9.375 IU (150 IU/day) per pulse every 90 minutes. Ovulation was observed in 26 (92.9%) of 28 treatment cycles, and two singleton pregnancies were confirmed. Ovarian hyperstimulation was observed in 1 to 26 ovulatory cycles; however, no other side effects were observed during treatment. A regimen of 75 IU/day resulted in a significant increase (P less than 0.0001) of the total dose and prolongation of the treatment period for induction of ovulation, as compared with that of 150 IU/day. Shortened luteal phases occurred in ovulatory cycles induced by pulsatile subcutaneous treatment. Human chorionic gonadotropin administration given every other day until the midluteal phase significantly prolonged the duration of the luteal phase (P less than 0.05). This treatment in patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome was followed by a normalization of luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio and resulted in a successful induction of ovulation in 8 to 10 cycles. The present data demonstrated that pulsatile subcutaneous administration of hMG was effective in inducing follicular maturation and ovulation in patients with various types of anovulatory infertility.
Adult↗
Lymphoepithelial (branchial) cyst and amylase.
A case of a branchial cyst with a high amylase activity of the cyst fluid was found in a 58-year-old female. The literature on branchial cysts with high amylase activity is reviewed. Amylase that showed high activity in the cystic fluid was revealed to be due to the salivary isoenzymes (S3 and S4) which migrated more to the anodic side on electrophoresis.
Amylases↗
The effect of ovarian steroidogenesis on ovulation and fertilizability in the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary.
The effects of aminoglutethimide phosphate (AGP) on ovulation, ovum maturation, fertilizability, and steroid production were studied with the use of an isolated perfused rabbit ovary preparation. AGP (10(-3) or 10(-4) M) was added to the perfusate of one ovary. The contralateral control ovary was perfused in medium alone. Thirty minutes later human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (50 IU) was added to the perfusate of all ovaries. No difference was observed in time of ovulation or ovulatory efficiency between controls and AGP-treated ovaries. The degree of ovum maturity and degeneration was also comparable in the two groups. Progesterone and estradiol production were significantly reduced by AGP treatment. A second experiment examined fertilizability of ova ovulated in vitro after perfusion with 10(-3) M AGP. AGP significantly reduced the rate of normal fertilization as observed 12 h after insemination. The percentage of inseminated ova with evidence of degeneration was greater in ova from AGP-treated ovaries than in those from controls, however, this difference was not significant. The study indicates that AGP affects neither hCG-induced ovulation nor meiotic resumption; however, fertilizability of ova from ovaries treated with AGP is impaired. These data suggest that the intrafollicular steroid environment may participate in cytoplasmic maturation of ovulated ova.
Aminoglutethimide↗
Fluorocarbon (FC-43) in augmentation of tissue oxygen and its experimental use for flap survival.
The tissue PO2 level in the skin of rats injected with fluorocarbon (FC-43) was measured by the microelectrode method and by a transcutaneous monitor. It was found that the tissue PO2 in the animals injected with FC-43 was two to three times higher than that of the control group. Neither the administration of FC-43 nor the inhalation of systemic oxygen improved flap survival in the rats.
Animals↗
Effects of phorbol esters on metabolic variables in the thyroid.
Since 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) reproduced some of the effects of TSH on phosphorylation of polypeptides in the thyroid, its effects on several thyroid metabolic variables were investigated. Like TSH, TPA stimulated glucose oxidation, iodide organification, and 32P incorporation into phospholipids in thyroid slices. However, in contrast to TSH, it did not augment cAMP accumulation. An inactive phorbol ester, 4 alpha-phorbol, did not reproduce any of the effects of TPA. An initial incubation of thyroid slices with TPA decreased the stimulation of cAMP, glucose oxidation, and colloid droplet formation induced by TSH. However, an initial incubation with TPA did not modify the subsequent stimulation of glucose oxidation induced by (Bu)2 cAMP. TPA potentiated the ability of TSH to desensitize the adenylate cyclase system. Although both TPA and TSH increased 32P incorporation into phospholipids, the patterns were different when individual phospholipids were examined. These results indicate another regulatory mechanism for thyroid cell functions independent of cAMP.
Animals↗
Effects of luteinizing hormone and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in cultured granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries.
The present study was undertaken to assess the ability of granulosa cells from subjects with normal and polycystic ovaries (PCO) to secrete progesterone throughout a 10-day culture period. LH levels in serum and follicular fluid from PCO patients were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than those in normal subjects. In the absence of LH, progesterone secretion by granulosa cells cultured from PCO follicles did not differ significantly from that of cells from normal early and midfollicular phase follicles. Granulosa cells cultured from follicles from normal subjects in the early and midfollicular phases responded to LH (100 ng/ml) with an 8- to 20-fold increase in progesterone production. In contrast, LH increased progesterone production to a much lesser extent (up to 4-fold) in cells from the ovaries of patients with PCO. Progesterone secretion by granulosa cells from normal ovaries in response to LH diminished as intrafollicular endogenous progesterone and LH levels increased. Cells from PCO follicles cultured with (Bu)2cAMP (100 micrograms/ml) secreted progesterone in quantities comparable to those secreted by (Bu)2cAMP-stimulated normal ovaries in the early and midfollicular phases. These data demonstrate the discrepancy between the ability of granulosa cells from PCO and normal follicles to secrete progesterone in response to stimulation by LH and (Bu)2cAMP. These results suggest that in women with PCO, the persistent elevation of follicular LH may lead to impaired progesterone production in response to exogenous LH.
Adult↗
Subacute toxicity of methylmercuric chloride and mercuric chloride on mouse thyroid.
Intoxication effect on mouse thyroid by prolonged administration of either CH3HgCl or HgCl2 was studied. It was found by giving CH3 203HgCl and 203HgCl2 through stomach intubation at either a single or a 30 d treatment that thyroid is a moderately susceptible organ to both mercurials. Animals were given 50, 100 and 150 micrograms/d of either mercurial in drinking water for a month. At the lowest amount of HgCl2, body weight was increased, whereas at the highest dose, there was a transient delay in growth. With lower amounts of CH3HgCl, no change in growth was observed. However, at the highest amount, a severe growth inhibition occurred. The thyroid weight was unaffected by lower amounts, but was significantly reduced by 150 micrograms/d of either mercurial. The 24 h radioiodide uptake in the thyroid, expressed by cpm/mg organ weight, was reduced by lower levels of mercurials. CH3HgCl and HgCl2 suppressed the rate of radioiodide incorporation into the iodothyronine fraction, but not into the iodotyrosine fractions, indicating that mercurials do not interfere with organification of iodide but do inhibit the coupling process. Serum thyroxine (T4) level was affected by mercurials, but serum triiodothyronine (T3) was not. This result suggested that even thyroidal secretion of T4 was inhibited by mercurials, but the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 may not be affected in the maintenance of an active hormone level.
Animals↗
A new variant of the Es-1 locus in the rat.
A new prealbumin plasma esterase was demonstrated by the use of miniaturized polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Genetic analysis indicated that the new variant is controlled by the Es-1 locus and this gene was designated Es-1c. Among 11 rat strains only one strain, WJ, possessed the gene. Two random-bred stocks, Jcl:Wistar and Jcl:SD, also maintained it in their populations. Miniaturized polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis showed that the ES-1 band consisted of two close bands with the cathodal one staining darker.
Animals↗
New diabetogenic streptozocin analogue, 3-O-methyl-2-([(methylnitrosoamino) carbonyl]amino)-D-glucopyranose. Evidence for a glucose recognition site on pancreatic B-cells.
The nonmetabolizable glucose analogue 3-O-methyl-glucose is known to protect pancreatic B-cells against streptozocin (STZ) when injected with or just before STZ. If 3-O-methyl-glucose and the sugar moiety of STZ compete for a glucose recognition site on B-cells, it seemed likely that 3-O-methyl-2-deoxy-2-( [(methylnitrosoamino)carbonyl]amino)-D-glucopyranose, an analogue of STZ with a 3-O-methyl-glucosyl residue, would cause experimental diabetes. This possibility was tested by synthesis of this analogue (alpha-anomer) and comparison of its diabetogenic activity in Wistar rats with that of STZ. Results showed that the compound was diabetogenic and as potent as STZ. This new analogue is the first of the various STZ derivatives reported to show diabetogenic activity. Its activity supports the idea that 3-O-methyl-glucose and STZ bind competitively with a glucose recognition site on pancreatic B-cells.
3-O-Methylglucose↗
Effects of estradiol administration on the follicular tissue of hypophysectomized hens.
Effects of hypophysectomy and estradiol administration on the incidence of atresia and the structure of the ovarian follicles were examined in the hen. Administration of high doses (9 or 13 mg/hen) of estradiol resulted in a decrease in the number of atretic follicles. In the nonatretic follicles of the hypophysectomized and estradiol-treated hens, no structural changes were observed except for the increase in the number of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of granulosa cells and theca interna cells. It is suggested that the decrease in estrogen content in the follicular tissues may be involved in the process of atresia.
Animals↗