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Biomedical subjects

Y Yoshikawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yoshikawa.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Relationship between serum biochemical measurements and spinal bone mineral density in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops)].

Spinal bone mineral density (BMD) of African green monkeys were measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The value determined in male was rather higher (0.674 +/- 0.068g/cm2, Mean +/- S. D.) than that in female (0.611 +/- 0.105g/cm2), while the coefficient of variance was larger in female (17%) than in male (10%). Females were divided into two groups according to their diversity of BMD values. Serum biochemical values were compared among three groups, one male group (n = 37) and two groups of female (A: n = 31, B: n = 22), using a canonical discriminant analysis. As the result of the canonical discriminant analysis, closed relationship between serum biochemical properties and BMD was demonstrated. Lower BMD, lower serum protein concentration and higher serum inorganic phosphorus may be the reflection of malnutrition in this primate species. In conclusion, animals showing osteopenia were included in our breeding colony of the African green monkey judging by the value of bone measurements and serum biochemical measurements.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1994

[Changes in bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae during a six-month interval in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops)].

Changes in measurements of lumbar vertebrae (L3-L5) during a six-month interval in African green monkeys were demonstrated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, DPX-alpha, Lunar, USA). Area, mean width and bone mineral content (BMC) of L3-L5 were measured, and bone mineral density (BMD) was calculated using 62 laboratory-bred and 23 wild animals. Laboratory-bred animals were divided into 4 groups according to their gender and age, and in addition, two groups of wild animals were constructed according to gender. Although no remarkable change in BMD of laboratory-bred animals aged less than two years was observed at a six-month interval, significant decreases in BMD were detected in laboratory-bred animals aged over 6 years as well as in wild animals. Thus, DEXA seems to be useful for investigating the kinetics of BMD in aged animals during a relatively short period such as six-months.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of blood conservation in open-heart surgery: a comparison of 3 different methods].

Conventional blood conservation techniques have been insufficient to decrease blood transfusion requirement in open-heart surgery. Blood conservation and erythropoietin administration were performed to avoid homologous blood transfusion. Intraoperative autotransfusion has been routinely used in cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass in our hospital. To evaluate the effect of conservation techniques, 286 patients were divided into four groups. In group I (23 patients), autologous whole blood was drawn and saved one to two weeks before operation. In group II (50 patients), erythropoietin preparation was given subcutaneously once a week and autologous blood conservation was also performed in the same manner as group I. In group III (48 patients), intra-operative hemodilutional autologous blood transfusion was performed. In group IV, as a control group (165 patients), only intra-operative autotransfusion was used. Homologous blood transfusion was avoided in 83% of group I patients, in 90% of group II, in 82% of group III, and 29% of group IV. In addition, in group II the hemoglobin value at the time of discharge was significantly higher than those of other groups (p < 0.05-0.01). Thus, conventional blood conservation techniques plus subcutaneous administration of erythropoietin was very effective to increase the rate of "non-blood" open-heart surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Methods in pathology. An improved method for DNA diagnosis of leprosy using formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin biopsies.

To improve the sensitivity of the previously reported polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Mycobacterium (M.) leprae in the formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, we adapted the PCR designed to amplify an internal 372 bp fragment of a M. leprae-specific repetitive sequence to 39 skin biopsies taken from patients with leprosy of the lepromatous type and tuberculoid type. Crude DNA samples were prepared from tissue sections that were deparaffinized and subjected to proteinase-K digestion without any further treatment for DNA purification. Overcoming a false-negative reaction by an elongation of the period for enzymatic digestion and an appropriate dilution of the samples, an amplification of the target sequence was obtained as a single band with all 39 skin biopsies tested. The fragments specifically amplified by the PCR were subjected to direct sequencing and were confirmed to be identical with an internal 372 bp of M. leprae-specific repetitive sequence. Although in nine of 24 nonleprosy control samples, a false-positive amplification was observed as from one to several bands, they were distinguishable from the specific one by the electrophoretic pattern. This PCR makes up for the classic histological methods used in the diagnosis of leprosy.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Coronary arterial abnormalities in hyperlipidemic rats with renal failure.

Hyperlipidemic rats, which have been described as a useful animal model for focal glomerulosclerosis in humans, were examined at the ages of 17, 20, 24, and 27 weeks for evaluation of spontaneously developed coronary arterial lesions. The mean concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and urea nitrogen were greater than the respective control concentrations at and after the age of 17 weeks. No abnormalities were detected in the blood pressure values. Starting from the age of 24 weeks, the rats had disseminated white spots in the ventricles and septum of the heart. Mean renal weights of hyperlipidemic rats were higher than those of control rats at the ages of 17 and 20 weeks, and the surface of the kidney appeared irregular when rats were 27 weeks old. Histologic examination revealed atrophy of the coronary artery, a decrease in the number of smooth muscle cells, and thinning of the wall, resulting in loss of the normal wall structure. A homogenous eosinophilic substance, the nature and cause of which were unknown, was also seen in the affected arterial walls. Furthermore, white spots observed macroscopically were found to represent myocardial degeneration and necrosis with reactive histiocytic cells and lymphocytes, adventitial fibrosis, and edema associated with the affected arteries. These arterial lesions became evident in rats at and after the age of 24 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[In vitro fertilization using Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) eggs and cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) frozen/thawed spermatozoa].

Using four female Japanese monkeys, follicular growth was induced by multiple PMSG and single hCG injections, and oocytes were collected from their follicles. PMSG, 200 IU, was injected six or eight times to stimulate follicular growth, and in both cases growth of the follicles was adequately induced. Forty-seven (50.0%) oocytes were recovered from 94 follicles of two of the females and transported from Inuyama-shi to Tsukuba-shi in 10 hours. Five mature oocytes and 42 immature oocytes were observed upon arrival. Thirteen (31.0%) of the 42 immature oocytes released the first polar body in TCM-199 medium containing FCS and PMSG after 24 hour-culture, including transport time. Eighteen mature oocytes were used for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Frozen and thawed cynomolgus monkey spermatozoa preincubated for 2 hours were transferred into the drops containing the Japanese monkey oocytes. Sixteen oocytes (88.9%) were judged to have been successfully fertilized based on the presence of a male pronucleus and/or second polar body, and 12 oocytes then cleaved, and 3 developed into the 6-cell stage. Thus, we succeeded in inducing follicular growth and oocyte maturation, and in achieving IVF using cynomolgus monkey spermatozoa and Japanese monkey oocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Severe pulmonary pneumocystosis in simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome induced by simian immunodeficiency virus: its characterization by the polymerase-chain-reaction method and failure of experimental transmission to immunodeficient animals.

Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) infection was observed in three of five rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251). They showed severe symptoms similar to those associated with human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Histopathology revealed severe pulmonary pneumocystosis in one of three Pc-positive monkeys, and anti-Pc antibodies were detected in sera from two of the three monkeys. Localization of Pc organisms in various organs of the monkeys was examined by the polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) method, and Pc-specific bands of DNA amplification were detected in the liver, kidney, spleen, adrenal gland, testis, brain, and other organs examined, but no Pc organism was found in these organs by histopathologic examination. These results suggest that the activation of a latent infection of Pc occurs in SIV-infected rhesus monkeys as well as in human AIDS. Experimental transmission of Pc derived from a simian was attempted in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice and athymic nude (rnu/rnu, F344) rats. These animals were inoculated intranasally with 10(4) Pc cysts, but neither histopathologic changes nor Pc organisms were detected in SCID mice at 4 months after inoculation or in nude rats at 2 months postinoculation, suggesting that simian Pc is species-specific.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Expression in baculovirus vector system of the nucleocapsid protein gene of rinderpest virus.

The rinderpest (RV) nucleocapsid (NP) gene segment was inserted into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter. The expression of NP protein in Sf9 cells was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence and by Western blotting analysis with monoclonal antibodies. Recombinant RV-NP protein was purified by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose density gradient, and used as an antigen for an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect anti RV-NP antibody. Both IgM and IgG antibodies against RV-NP were detected in the sera of rabbits infected with the L strain of RV. The pattern of development of IgG anti RV-NP antibody closely correlated with that of virus neutralizing antibody. In rabbits inoculated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RV-H gene (RRV-H), anti RV-NP was not detected. The results indicated that the baculovirus vector system can be used for the preparation of the diagnostic antigen of rinderpest as well as to distinguish between natural infection and vaccination with RRV-H.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Urodynamic evaluation of results of endopyelotomy for ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

We treated 13 patients with unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction by percutaneous endopyelotomy, and they were urodynamically evaluated by the Whitaker test and diuresis renography, in addition to excretory urography (IVP). Surgery was uncomplicated in all patients except 1 who required repeat incision 4 weeks later. Obstruction was diagnosed preoperatively by the Whitaker test and diuresis renography in 10 cases, and by IVP in 13. Postoperatively, all 10 patients (100%) with a positive Whitaker test were free of obstruction with a significant reduction in the relative renal pelvic pressure from 35.0 to 8.1 cm. water (p < 0.01). Diuresis renography revealed no obstruction in 8 patients (80%) and persistent obstruction in 2. IVP demonstrated reduced hydronephrosis in 8 of 13 patients (62%) 12 weeks after surgery and in 11 of 13 patients (85%) 19 months later. However, a marked reduction in renal pelvic size was noted in only 3 patients (23%). Flank pain disappeared in 10 of 11 patients (91%) postoperatively. Overall, surgery was successful in 11 of the 13 patients (85%). Percutaneous endopyelotomy was effective in relieving obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction with minor morbidity. The Whitaker test was more sensitive for evaluating the results of surgery than diuresis renography and IVP, although diuresis renography appears to be useful in followup evaluation of hydronephrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Mechanism of pruritus and peracute death in mice induced by pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection.

Mechanisms of postinfectious pruritus and peracute death in mice by pseudorabies virus (PRV) were investigated by inoculating the Yamagata-S81 strain of PRV peripherally or intracerebrally into 4-week-old ICR and BALB/c mice. Clinical signs developed most rapidly in mice inoculated intracerebrally, with intermediate speed in mice inoculated intraocularly, and slowly in mice inoculated subcutaneously. Since intraocularly inoculated mice showed an acute reaction and this is considered a peripheral route, the distribution of viral antigens in the nervous system of intraocularly inoculated mice was examined immunohistologically. Viral antigens were mainly detected along the trigeminal and the oculomotor nerves, but neither necrosis nor an inflammatory response was observed in these areas. The infectious virus was efficiently recovered from the viral antigen-positive tissues. In the pruritic skin lesions, viral antigens were not observed. These findings indicate that the main route of viral spread in intraocularly inoculated mice is the trigeminal and oculomotor nerves and that the virus in the trigeminal nerve may trigger pruritus.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Exacerbation of ulcerative colitis during alpha-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C.

We report a 34-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C who showed exacerbation of ulcerative colitis during alpha-interferon (IFN alpha) therapy. Discontinuance of the IFN alpha therapy improved his symptoms, suggesting that IFN alpha administration might worsen ulcerative colitis. The administration of sulfasalazine allowed the patient to receive IFN alpha again without flare-up of ulcerative colitis. This case suggests the possible efficacy of sulfasalazine therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis complicated by some other diseases requiring IFN alpha administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Longterm clinical results of transurethral incision of prostate and bladder neck for benign prostatic hypertrophy].

Early and longterm results of transurethral incision of the prostate and bladder neck (TIPBn) were compared with those of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in treatment of 36 patients with outflow obstruction caused by small benign prostatic hypertrophy. Seventeen patients underwent TIPBn and 19 TURP. Parameters on uroflowmetry (maximum flow rate, average flow rate, voiding time and residual rate) were significantly improved postoperatively in both groups. There was no significant difference in the improvement on uroflowmetry both at early (3 months) and longterm (TIPBn: 12-48, mean 20.1 months, TURP: 12-48, mean 22.2 months) postoperative periods, between the two groups. Subjective symptom of voiding difficulty was remarkably improved in all patients of both groups during early postoperative period. However, at longer follow-up, subjective improvement was preserved in 88.2% in the TIPBn group and 73.7% in the TURP group. A re-operation was needed in 4 cases (21.5%) in the TURP group because of recurrence of obstructive symptom due to postoperative bladder neck contracture, while a second operation has not been performed in the TIPBn group. We conclude that TIPBn can be the preferred surgical treatment of outflow obstruction caused by small benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[A case of renal cell carcinoma treated by ex vivo partial nephrectomy and autotransplantation].

We report on a case of renal cell carcinoma in a functionally solitary kidney, treated by ex vivo partial nephrectomy and autotransplantation. A 62-year-old woman was admitted for examination of a left renal mass and right hydronephrosis, incidentally detected on echography and CT scan. The right hydronephrosis was caused by congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction, associated with severely impaired renal function. A solid tumor was found in the left kidney, located in the upper pole and extending to the hilus, and was suspected to be renal cell carcinoma. The patient was treated by ex vivo partial nephrectomy of the left kidney followed by autotransplantation. The tumor was 35 x 55 x 40 mm in size and diagnosed histologically to be renal cell carcinoma. Hemodialysis was unnecessary since good urine output was obtained postoperatively from the transplanted kidney. The patient was discharged 3 months after surgery, following interferon-alpha therapy, with serum creatinine level of 1.4 mg/dl.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1993

Isolation, structures, and antifungal activities of new aureobasidins.

Aureobasidins are a group of cyclic depsipeptides with antifungal activity and are produced by Aureobasidium pullulans. Aureobasidins are composed of eight amino acids and one hydroxy acid such as 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid (Hmp), and highly lipophilic. Five new aureobasidins, S1, S2a, S2b, S3 and S4, which have higher hydrophilicity in reversed phase HPLC than the known aureobasidins A-R, were discovered in a fermentation broth of A. pullulans R106 by means of on-line liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. We identified the structures of the compounds and studied their antifungal activities. Three of the new aureobasidins, S2b, S3 and S4, which have hydroxylated Hmp as the hydroxy acid, were highly active against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Biological properties of aureobasidin A, a cyclic depsipeptide antifungal antibiotic.

Aureobasidin A (AbA) is a novel cyclic depsipeptide antifungal antibiotic. The antifungal activity of AbA was studied in vitro and in vivo in comparison with clinically effective antifungal agents, amphotericin B and fluconazole. AbA was highly active in vitro against many pathogenic fungi, including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum. The activity was superior to amphotericin B in most cases. AbA exhibited fungicidal action toward growing cultures of C. albicans. It was highly tolerated by mice and showed good efficacy in the treatment of murine systemic candidiasis when given orally or subcutaneously. AbA's fungicidal action in mice with candidiasis was more effective than fluconazole and amphotericin B.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Osteolytic and osteosclerotic lesion of the femur associated with pustulosis palmaris plantaris].

The cases with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris associated with lesions in sterno-cost clavicular region, spine and ilio sacral joint have been in the previous literatures. We encountered four rare cases of this pustulosis in association with femoral lesion. We mainly reported their radiological and pathologic findings. Three cases had lesions in the diaphysis of the femur, while one case had lesion in the lesser trochanter. The average age was 55.5 years (range 53-60) All patients complained of thigh pain. Three cases suffered sterno cost clavicular pain also. Laboratory data showed the elevation of white blood cell number, ESR and tested positive for C-reactive protein. The radiological findings showed osteolytic lesions of the femoral cortex at the onset of the disease, followed by thickening and sclerosis in the cortex. A biopsy was performed in three cases and the pathological results showed no malignancy. The specimens showed only chronic inflammation. Pathological results and radiological abnormalities suggested that femoral lesion of pustulosis palmaris et plantaris originated from the periostenum or the cortex of bone.

Female↗