Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yoshida.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Epidemiological study on the relationship between hypertension and dental disease in Japanese factory workers].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hypertension and oral health in about 2,000 male Japanese factory workers. The results obtained were as follows: in both current smokers and nonsmokers, the results for hypertension patient groups showed a significantly higher CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) than healthy control groups. The results of regression analysis indicated that systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with CPITN in the nonsmoking patients without hypertension. The results suggested that there was significant relationship between periodontal disease and the prevalence of hypertension among employees in a company.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Enzyme therapy in Gaucher disease type 2: an autopsy case.

A Japanese patient with Gaucher disease type 2 was treated with enzyme therapy, alglucerase, from 7 to 22 months of age. Whereas hematologic parameters were normalized and hepatosplenomegaly was alleviated, no improvement in neurologic symptoms occurred, and the patient died of respiratory failure at age 22 months. Postmortem examination revealed massive intra-alveolar infiltration of Gaucher cells in lungs and in the central nervous system, i.e., the presence of Gaucher cells in the perivascular Virchow-Robins spaces in the cortex and deep white matter and extensive lamilar necrosis with reactive proliferation of blood vessels and macrophage infiltration of the cerebral cortex. It is suggested that enzyme therapy, with thus far recommended dose, does not prevent long-term respiratory and central nervous system involvement in severe varients of Gaucher disease.

Brain↗
PubMed1998

An epidemiological study on the association between the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, and risk factors of ischemic heart disease by smoking status in Japanese factory workers.

Several epidemiologic studies have shown the association between total leukocyte count and the risk of developing myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in 1,384 Japanese factory workers. Total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in current smokers than in non-smokers. Among current smokers, the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were positively associated with the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the duration of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Being independent of smoking habit, the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were also related to several characteristics recorded at the physical examinations. The total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were positively associated with serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride and hematocrit levels, and inversely associated with the serum HDL-cholesterol level. No significant associations of the total leukocyte or neutrophil counts were found with the red blood cell count and hemoglobin level. These results suggest that the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts may represent the metabolic condition with a high coronary risk among apparently healthy people.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Use of bronchopulmonary lavage for eliminating inhaled fume particles from a patient with arc welder's lung.

A 42-year-old man, who had worked as a welder for 20 years, was admitted to our hospital complaining of a dry cough. A chest radiograph showed diffuse small nodular shadows and chest computed tomography revealed small patchy opacities. A transbronchial lung biopsy specimen showed welding fume particles mainly located in alveolar space with mild fibrosis of alveolar septa. In order to prevent further fibrosis, bronchopulmonary lavage (BPL) was performed to eliminate the fume particles. The amount of iron particles derived from the total lavage fluid was 911.7 mg.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effects of propofol and fentanyl on extracellular levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the rat nucleus accumbens: an in vivo microdialysis study.

The effects of propofol, a hydrophobic intravenous anaesthetic, and fentanyl, an opiate analgesic, on extracellular concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the nucleus accumbens of rats were studied using in vivo brain microdialysis. The concentrations of GABA in the microdialysate of the nucleus accumbens reached a stable baseline value approximately 24 h after probe insertion and were not affected over the ensuing 250 min by intravenous injection of vehicle (1.0 ml/kg) or perfusion of tetrodotoxin (2 microM) into the nucleus accumbens via the dialysis membrane. Propofol (2.5 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg i.v.) did not significantly affect the accumbens microdialysate concentration of GABA over the 250 min of quantification. Fentanyl (100 microM) infused for 25 min into the nucleus accumbens via the dialysis membrane produced a marked and transient increase in accumbens GABA concentration to a maximum of approximately 1200% at its peak effect that occurred at 25 min after cessation of the fentanyl infusion.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1998

Cavernous sinus sampling in patients with adrenocorticotrophic hormone-dependent Cushing's syndrome with emphasis on inter- and intracavernous adrenocorticotrophic hormone gradients.

OBJECT: As an alternative method to inferior petrosal sinus sampling with administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the authors have developed a method of selective venous sampling directly from the cavernous sinus, which is performed using a superselective catheterization technique. The goal of this study is to assess this method. METHODS: Catheterization to the cavernous sinus was performed in 44 patients with clinical and biochemical features of Cushing's syndrome. Forty of these patients in whom there was a definite clinical and/or histological diagnosis were evaluated. In 35 patients, a pituitary microadenoma was detected on magnetic resonance imaging and/or during surgery. Ectopic lesions were suspected in five patients, who later developed nonpituitary tumors. The central/peripheral (C/P) ratios of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) without CRH administration ranged from 5.2 to 448.1 (mean+/-standard deviation, 66.7+/-91.2) in cavernous sinuses and from 1.1 to 52 (mean+/-standard deviation, 8.5+/-9.9) in the inferior petrosal sinuses. The petrosal sinus sampling contained false negative results in eight patients (23%) based on a cutoff point of 2. On the contrary, patients with ectopic lesions did not show any increase in ACTH levels in either sampling portion. The intercavernous gradients of ACTH, ranging from 1.2 to 506.4, indicated the correct lateralization of microadenoma in the lateral wing in all 30 patients. The interpetrosal gradients, ranging from 1 to 31.4, did not give a sufficient value (> or = 1.4) in four patients (13%) with a lateral lesion. In five cases of midline tumors, the intercavernous and interpetrosal gradients indicated false laterality in three and four cases, respectively. The intracavernous (posterior-anterior) gradients, ranging from 1.04 to 60.7 (mean 14.9), showed a higher concentration of ACTH in the posterior portion of the sinus in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that 1) cavernous sinus sampling without CRH administration can demonstrate hypersecretion of ACTH from the pituitary gland with a high diagnostic accuracy; 2) intercavernous gradients will indicate the correct lateralization in laterally localized microadenomas; and 3) sampling should be performed from the posterior portion of the cavernous sinus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Basic and clinical studies on ApoE gene typing by line probe assay (LiPA) as a biological marker for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: multicenter study in Japan.

The fundamental reagent capability and clinical significance of ApoE gene typing has been investigated. The result of each test shows that the reagent capability satisfied the expected standard. Four-hundred thirty-nine samples classified into three groups (Alzheimer's disease (AD), other types of dementia and nondementia) were measured to examine the clinical significance. The rate of epsilon 4 genotype of each group was 31.5%, 14.6%, 10.4%, respectively. The AD group had a higher rate than the other groups (p < 0.001). The measurement of ApoE genotype is suggested to be useful as one of the guidelines in the diagnosis of AD.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

[The effect of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor on pseudomonal proteinases].

We examined the effect of CS-610, a newly developed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, on pseudomonal proteinase in vitro. Alkaline proteinase (1143-4977 unit/ml Type I collagenase equivalent) and elastase (13.6-22.6 unit/ml Type I collagenase equivalent) were obtained from strains of P. aeruginosa of IID-1117, IID-1030 and IID-1130. Zymographic analysis of cultured broth of P. aeruginosa demonstrated that CS-610 inhibited alkaline proteinase with an IC50 (50% inhibition concentration) of 1.06-29.0 (x 10(-8)M) and elastase with an IC50 of 1.0-33.3 (x 10(-8)M). CS-610 is a potent inhibitor of pseudomonal proteinases.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1998

Pathogenesis, etiology and epidemiology of myelodysplastic syndromes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The myelodysplastic syndromes are common hematological malignancies affecting predominantly elderly people. Patients usually present with chronic cytopenias which gradually worsen due to progressive bone marrow failure or transformation into acute myeloid leukemia. Disease prevention is more cost-effective than therapeutic intervention and the establishment of the etiology and pathogenesis of MDS therefore assumes considerable importance. This review will outline current concepts of the pathobiology of MDS, putative etiological insults and the mechanisms of disease initiation as well as recent contributions to the descriptive epidemiology of these disorders. EVIDENCE AND INFORMATION SOURCES: The authors of the present review have a long-standing interest in the pathogenesis, etiology and epidemiology of MDS. Journal articles covered by the Science Citation Index and Medline have been reviewed and personal experience and discussion with international experts collated. STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES: The initiation processes for the development of MDS remain unknown. A poorly defined transforming event affects a pluripotent or multipotent progenitor cell in the bone marrow, conferring a growth advantage upon it and eventually establishing clonal hematopoiesis. An important pathogenetic mechanism in MDS is premature intramedullary cell death via excessive apoptosis, explaining the apparent paradox of a cellular marrow in combination with peripheral cytopenias (ineffective hematopoiesis). Therapy-related MDS/AML following exposure to alkylating agents is the only clear etiological factor thus identified. Increasing evidence for exposure to benzene and radiation and the development of MDS is emerging. Benzene hematotoxicity is mediated via both genotoxic and non-genotoxic mechanisms, leading to aplasia, apoptosis and initiation (via genetic mutation) of clonal disorders such as MDS. Further studies of benzene hematotoxicity and therapy-related MDS should provide models for the elucidation of initiation events in MDS pathogenesis. The importance of such studies is emphasized by the rising frequency of MDS which largely reflects improved diagnostic criteria, increased physician awareness and extended use of diagnostic procedures in the elderly. Demographic changes will lead to a marked increase in MDS over the next few decades.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Neonatal intracranial tumor highly suspected of teratoma in the lateral ventricle consisting of multiple cysts: case report].

Neonatal intracranial teratoma is rare and early attempts at surgical treatment are not usually successful. We describe an exceptionally rare case of neonatal intracranial tumor in the lateral ventricle composed of multiple cysts with little mass content which was highly suspected of teratoma and treated successfully by microsurgery. A 55-day-old male was admitted to our hospital with complaints of convulsive seizure. Examination found no obvious neurological deficit except mild enlargement and bulging of anterior fontanel. There were no abnormal laboratory findings. Computerized tomography with contrast medium revealed an 8 cm multicystic lesion with little mass content in the right lateral ventricle and hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the cystic content as slightly higher in intensity than CSF on the T1-weighted image and of higher intensity than CSF on the T2-weighted image. The cyst wall was enhanced on T1-weighted image with gadolinium. The aqueduct was obstructed by compression due to the intraventricular cyst. A right occipitoparietal craniotomy was performed, which disclosed a hair in the cyst wall, two huge cysts, and independence of the intracystic lesion from the lateral ventricle. The tumor was removed except for a small part adjacent to the pineal region, from which the tumor had presumably originated. Mature teratoma was highly suspected on the basis of the hair in the cyst wall and histological examination of the specimen, which revealed hamartomatous tissues derived from two germ cell layers. After surgery, his hydrocephalus was improved and convulsive seizures were reduced remarkably. He was discharged ten days later and is being followed up. Reoperation will be performed if regrowth of the residual tumor occurs.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura presenting a high serum level of immunoglobulin E and eosinophilia in an elderly patient.

An 80-year-old Japanese woman having acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura presented with an increased serum level of IgE and eosinophilia. No evidence for allergic, parasitic, collagen or malignant diseases was observed. The disease subsided with prednisolone therapy and she has been in remission for three years. Our case is one of the oldest ITP patients with increased IgE and eosinophilia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Histological and morphometrical studies on small arteries in normal brainstems with special reference to the pathogenesis of the hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage].

Plasmatic arterial necrosis and microaneurysm of small arteries are preceded by smooth muscle cell loss and the rupture of these arterial lesions is a direct cause of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. The hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage occur exclusively in the pons. To elucidate whether there are differences of underlying arterial lesions between each part of the brainstem or not, small arteries in normal 34 autopsied brainstems were investigated histologically and morphometrically. Histological study revealed the predilection of the occurrence of plasmatic arterial necrosis, microaneurysms and fibronodular arterial lesions in the hypertensive pons. These lesions occurred predominantly in the small arteries 100-300 microns in diameter in the basal part of hypertensive pons, and were rare in the other parts of hypertensive brainstems and in normotensive brainstems. A negative correlation between the ratio of number of smooth muscle cell nuclei to the area of tunica media and age was demonstrated morphometrically. The ratio in the hypertensive group was significantly lower than that of the normotensive group. In addition the mean ratio in the pons was significantly lower than that in the midbrain and the medulla oblongata in the hypertensive group. These results are consistent with the fact that the hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage predominantly occur in the pons and primary bleedings in the other parts of the brainstem are rare.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis resistant to antimycotic drugs and treated by partial pulmonary resection].

A 46-year-old man with a history of left upper lobectomy for pulmonary tuberculosis was admitted to our hospital because of dilated cardiomyopathy. During hospitalization, fever and weight loss developed. The cause was suspected to be a round mass inside a cavity and a neighboring infiltrative shadow in the left upper lung field as seen on chest radiography. A percutaneous needle biopsy was done, and examination of the specimen showed an aggregate of Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae. Fluconazole (FCZ) was injected through an intracavitary catheter every day, and was then given by mouth. Treatment with FCZ was effective temporarily. However, he was again admitted to our hospital because of lower extension of the cavity and deteriorated inflammatory findings. From the clinical course, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis was diagnosed. Treatment with all available antifungal agents did not improve his condition. Although he had decreased cardiac function due to dilated cardiomyopathy, partial pulmonary resection was done. The cavity with the fungus ball was resected completely. As of the time of this writing, he remains free of aspergillosis.

Antifungal Agents↗