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Biomedical subjects

Y Yodfat

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yodfat.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis B in a rural area in Israel.

The prevalence rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to the surface antigen (anti-HBs), and antibody to the core antigen (anti-HBc) were studied in a rural population near Jerusalem in 1979-1980. Sera were systematically collected from 1411 individuals (33.0% of the total population) living in 10 villages populated by five Jewish ethnic groups (Cochins from India, Yemenites, Moroccans, Kurds from Iraq, and Ashkenazis). Evidence of existing or previous infection with hepatitis B virus was detected in 446 individuals (31.6%); of these, 3.3% were carriers of HBsAg, 24.1% were positive for anti-HBs, and 4.3% were positive for anti-HBc alone. Analysis in a log linear model revealed increasing hepatitis B virus infection with age and higher carrier rates among males. Hepatitis B virus infection was significantly lower among the Cochins and Ashkenazis, regardless of place of birth. Variation in the hepatitis B virus infection rate in the villages was completely accounted for by differences among the ethnic groups. These ethnic differences probably reflect the endemicity of hepatitis B virus infection in the various world regions from which the ethnic groups originate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Psychosomatic disorders in a rural family practice in israel.

A survey carried out in the Shimshon family health centre in the rural area of Jerusalem revealed that 24 per cent of new patient-doctor contacts were for psychosomatic disorders.The three major. disorders-back pain, headache and abdominal pain-were present in almost 79 per cent of all psychosomatic contacts. Other common disorders were chest pains, palpitations, malaise and nocturnal enuresis. Classic illnesses such as peptic ulcer or asthma were less common. The incidence of peptic ulcer, asthma, atopic dermatitis and chest pains was higher among males than females; rates for headache, palpitations and malaise were higher for females than males. Back pain, headache and abdominal pains occurred differently among the five ethnic groups of the study population. Therapeutic care is carried out through assessment and study of the patient and his or her family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Genetic studies on Cochin Jews in Israel: 1. Population data, blood groups, isoenzymes, and HLA determinants.

The period in which Jews were first associated with Cochin and the Malabar coast was by tradition, after the destruction of the First Temple (586 BCE). Yet, the earliest evidence of Jewish settlements is from the tenth century CE. The largest group of Cochin Jews are the "Black Jews," of whom about 4,000 live in Israel. A high frequency of consanguineous marriages prevailed among Cochin Jews. Their mean height and weight were low when they came to Israel in 1954; an increase in both was observed 20 years later. Some of the allele frequencies of blood groups, isoenzymes, and HLA antigens were similar to those in other Jewish communities. In the high O, M, cde, and HLA-A28 and the low cDE allele frequencies Cochin Jews resembled Yemenite Jews. A few allele frequencies, the high Fya, AK2 and the low Jka and Hp1, were similar to those observed in indigenous southern Indian populations. In most HLA antigen and haplotype frequencies the Cochin Jews showed a distribution similar to that observed in other Jews and Caucasoids. No comparable HLA data on southern Indian populations were available. The results indicate that Cochin Jews have similarities with Jews, in particular Yemenite Jews, and with the indigenous populations of southern India.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1980

Genetic studies on Cochin Jews in Israel: 2. Gm and Inv data--polymorphism for Gm3 and for Gm1,17,21 without Gm(26).

Serum samples from 223 Jews from Cochin, India were tested for Gm(1,2,3,5,6,13,14,17,21,26) and for Inv(1). Certain samples were also tested for Gm(15) and Gm(16). The Cochin Jews are polymorphic for: 1) Gm3, a haplotype that does not lead to the formation of gamma 3, as was shown by tests of the serum of a homozygote, and 2) Gm1,17,21, a haplotype lacking Gm(26), which is ordinarily present in this haplotype. The Gm data indicate considerable admixture with southern Indians. There is no evidence for African admixture, such as has been found for all other Jewish populations studied thus far. The Inv data are similar to those for other Jewish populations.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma in a rural community in Israel: relation to socioenvironmental factors.

Prevalence rates of chronic bronchitis and asthma in a rural community in Israel in 1976 were 2.5 and 2.1%, respectively. The relationships with age, sex, country of origin, marital status, number of children, household crowding, education, occupation and cigarette-smoking habits were studied. A number of significant univariate associations were found. A multiple regression analysis showed a significant independent association between chronic bronchitis and age. Age alone accounted for 4.6% of the variance in chronic bronchitis. Five other variables were significantly associated with chronic bronchitis. Together, these accounted for an additional 1.3% of the variance in chronic bronchitis. The multivariate analysis showed that only one variable--the number of children--had an independent relationship with asthma. It accounted for 0.8% of the variance. All the variables together accounted for 1.3% of the variance observed in bronchial asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hypertension and ischemic heart disease in a rural family practice in Israel.

Prevalence rates of hypertension and ischemic heart disease in a rural community in Israel in 1976 were 9.3% and 2.3%, respectively. The rates were related to age, sex, country of origin, education, occupation, marital status, household crowding, and smoking habits. A multiple regression analysis of all variables showed a significantly positive association between the prevalence of hypertension and age, number of children, Cochin or Moroccan origin, and divorce or widowhood. A negative association was found with agricultural work. The prevalence rate of ischemic heart disease correlated positively with age, Cochin origin, and divorce or widowhood. A stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that these variables accounted for 11.3% and 2.8% of the total variance observed, in hypertension and ischemic heart disease respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A prospective study of acute respiratory tract infections among children in a kibbutz: the role of secretory IgA and serum immunoglobulins.

Absolute concentrations of IgA in nasal secretions and concentrations of immunoglobulins in serum were determined in a prospective study of acute respiratory tract infections. The study was carried out in 48 children aged six months to four years liveing in a kibbutz with a homogeneous environment. No correlation was demonstrated between mean base-line levels of secretory IgA or serum IgA and number of episodes of acute resporatory tract infection. However, children who responded to infection by the production of higher levels of secretory IgA had a lower incidence of acute respiratory tract infection than those who did not. Thisfinding supports the hypothesis that the responsiveness of the host in the production of secretory IgA during infection is important in protection against mucosal infections.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Analysis of the work of nurse-practitioners in family practice and its effect on the physicians' activities.

A three-year study on the inclusion of nurse-practitioners (18 months basic training) in family medicine is presented. The nurses were entitled to screen patients and to treat minor ailments. Patient-nurse contact rates were 6.1, 7.1, and 4.2 per year in 1971, 1972, and 1973, respectively. The increased responsibility given the nurses resulted in a decrease in patient-physician contacts from 4.0 in 1970 to 2.0, 2.1, and 1.3 in 1971, 1972, and 1973, respectively. This permitted the physicians to spend more time with each patient, to look for disease in the community, to participate actively in the work of the department of medicine in the regional hospital, and to engage actively in research. As a result, numerous surveys have been performed and a great amount of important medical and epidemiological information has been accumulated. More than one third of all patients handled by nurses suffered from respiratory infections; these were followed by musculoskeletal disorders and skin infections. Diagnosis and treatment accounted for 50 to 53 percent of the nurses' activities. Consequently, the medical and social status of the nurses rose markedly and patients seems to rely increasingly on their judgment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Clinical virology in family practice: epidemiological and clinical observations of an outbreak of Coxsackievirus B type 1 infection in a kibbutz.

In the late summer and early fall of 1975, a febrile illness broke out in Kibbutz Tsorah, a communal settlement situated in the Jerusalem District, affecting 148 (33 percent) of its 446 members. Sickness was recorded in 107 (54 percent) of 198 children under 14 years of age and in 41 (17 percent) of the remaining 248 members of the kibbutz. In addition to fever, gastrointestinal and upper respiratory symptoms were predominant. Pleurodynia and myocarditis were also observed, but only in 11 (7 percent) and 5 (3 percent) patients, respectively, all adults. Coxsackievirus B type 1 was isolated from 20 (53 percent) of 38 stool specimens received. A fourfold or higher rise in titer of neutralizing antibody to one of the isolates was demonstrated in 52 (74 percent) of 70 paired sera. The epidemiologic and clinical aspects of the outbreak are discussed. The importance of correlating laboratory findings with clinical and epidemiologic observations and the importance of collaborating with the laboratory virologist in the daily practice of the family physician are stressed.

Adolescent↗