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Biomedical subjects

Y Yasuda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yasuda.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Biological and immunological studies of bovine hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor.

Corticotropin-releasing factor B (CRF-B) is a peptide(s) isolated from bovine hypothalamic extracts by Sephadex G-100 chromatography on the basis of its ability to stimulate secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in vitro and in vivo. It is similar in molecular size to the 41-residue ovine CRF (oCRF) or rat CRF (rCRF) recently elucidated and appears to be their bovine counterpart. Immunoreactivity of CRF-B was examined in homologous radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for oCRF or rCRF, using several anti-oCRF and anti-rCRF antibodies. CRF-B cross-reacted well with anti-oCRF antibodies but poorly with anti-rCRF antibodies. Purification of CRF-B with preparative isoelectric focusing yielded four CRF peaks, B-1 (pH 4.7), B-2 (pH 5.5), B-3 (pH 6.3), and B-4 (pH 7.0), which accounted for 16, 30, 46, and 8% of the total immunoreactivity, respectively. CRF B-2, B-3, and B-4 showed both immunological activity and biological activity in vitro (cell culture assay) and in vivo (Arimura assay), whereas CRF B-1 showed only immunoreactivity. Their relative bioactivity/immunoreactivity ratios were 0 (B-1), 1 (B-2), 1 (B-3), and 3 (B-4). All of these CRF-B subtypes exhibited RIA displacement curves parallel to that for the oCRF standard and coeluted with oCRF on Sephadex G-100 chromatography, which suggests that their molecular modifications are relatively minor.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical study on glucose intolerance and insulin response in obstructive jaundice].

Insulin responses to oral glucose loads were studied in patients with obstructive jaundice and compared with those of other liver diseases (fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis), pancreatic diseases, and definite diabetes mellitus. Compared with their corresponding glucose intolerance, high insulin responses were characteristic in fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, and insulin responses and insulinogenic index decreased in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis as glucose intolerance progressed. In obstructive jaundice with the pancreatic ducts stenotic or obstructed, insulin responses were suppressed in comparison with their corresponding glucose intolerance, and also insulinogenic index were below 0.5 in most of the cases. However, in obstructive jaundice with the pancreatic ducts intact, high insulin responses were observed in almost half of the cases with insulinogenic index above 0.5, and insulin response and insulinogenic index decreased as glucose intolerance progressed. While most cases of fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with insulinogenic index above 0.5 were distributed in non-diabetes zone in sigma BS-sigma IRI plane (Kosaka's), those with insulinogenic index below 0.5 were distributed in intermediate zone. Most cases with obstructive jaundice with pancreatic ducts stenotic or obstructed, had insulinogenic index below 0.5 and were distributed in diabetes zone. However, half of cases with obstructive jaundice with pancreatic ducts intact, had insulinogenic index above 0.5 and their distribution in non-diabetes zone, while the other half had insulinogenic index below 0.5 and their distribution in diabetes zone. Therefore, it may be concluded that insulin responses increase at the early stage of obstructive jaundice mainly under influence of liver dysfunction itself, but that insulin response is suppressed at later stage of obstructive jaundice as pancreatic islets are affected.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

[Double indicator dilution method using heat and dye to measure pulmonary extravascular water volume].

It is widely accepted that extravascular lung thermal volume estimated by the double indicator dilution method with heat as a diffusible indicator reliably reflects pulmonary extravascular water volume. Theoretically, as a premise, the indicator should be preserved during its pulmonary circulation. We therefore investigated the thermal conservation during pulmonary circulation; that is, whether there was good agreement in the cardiac outputs "wherever" the thermodilution curves were recorded; for instance, the pulmonary artery trunk (PAT), giving COPAT,heat and the aortic root (Ao), giving COAo,heat. In the present study, we observed a total of 59 pairs of cardiac outputs in dogs (n = 13), including dogs with overt pulmonary edema, produced either by dextran infusion or by alloxan administration. We also studied a total of 23 pairs of cardiac outputs of human subjects (n = 16) with ischemic heart disease or mild mitral stenosis. A mixture of ice-cold 5% glucose solution and indocyanine green was rapidly injected into the right atrium. The thermodilution curve was immediately recorded in the pulmonary artery trunk, and the thermodilution and dye dilution curves were recorded in the aorta using a conventional Swan-Ganz catheter. The cardiac outputs were calculated manually following the Stewart-Hamilton principle. The results were as follows: In dogs, COPAT,heat averaged 2.47 +/- 1.21 L/min (mean +/- SD), COAo,heat averaged 2.44 +/- 1.12 L/min and the difference was not significant (0.3 less than p less than 0.5). The regression equation was COPAT,heat = 1.01 X COAo,heat + 0.02 (n = 59, r = 0.93, p less than 0.001) and the correlation coefficient was excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Antiemetic combination of metoclopramide and methylprednisolone for cisplatin-induced vomiting].

An antiemetic combination of metoclopramide and methylprednisolone was administered to 16 lung cancer patients receiving cisplatin (80 cmg/m2) alone or in combination with other drugs. Metoclopramide was administered four times intravenously at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Methylprednisolone was administered three times intravenously at a dose of 125 mg. Sixteen patients received a total of 34 chemotherapy courses. No vomiting occurred in 70% of 34 chemotherapy courses and mild emesis (one or two vomiting episodes) occurred in 18% of chemotherapy courses. Side effects were minimal and included mild sleepiness (nine patients), diarrhea (three patients), and hiccups (three patients). It is concluded that a combination of metoclopramide and methylprednisolone is very effective in preventing cisplatin-induced vomiting.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Determination of trace amounts of siloxanes in water, sediments and fish tissues by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry.

A simple and rapid method is described for the separation and determination of organosilicones in water, sediment and samples of fish tissues, using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Organosilicone extract with petroleum ether is evaporated to dryness. The damp residue is dissolved in methyl isobutyl ketone, aspirated into the plasma. Optimisation of gas (plasma support, coolant and carrier) flow-rates and plasma height are discussed. Detection limit (2 delta) is 0.01 microgram ml-1 for organosilicone and is adequate for environmental samples. Precision of the proposed method is 4.7% for river water, 10.8% for river sediment, 1.2% for sewage sludge and 13.3% for fish tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Epigastrius with omphalocele--report of a case.

An epigastrius (parasitic twinning in the epigastrium) was delivered via the vaginal route spontaneously and died 37 days later. The autosite had cardiac hypertrophy with VSD, PDA, and PFO and an omphalocele. The liver was partly conjoined. There was a small swelling at the lower part of the autosite's bifurcated sternum to which the parasitic left pelvis and lower extremity were attached. On the second day after birth, parasitectomy was performed. The amputated specimens consisted of a small left pelvic girdle with a free extremity, a scrotal mass, nipplelike structures and two small protuberances externally. The liver, intestines, two testes, one kidney, one ureter, and the bladder were contained within the omphalocele. Although all of the organs and external structures of the parasite had abnormal histopathological findings, differentiated muscle fibers and submucous and/or myenteric plexus were observed.

Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid↗
PubMed1984

Relation between D-glucose and L- and D-alanine in the initiation of germination of Bacillus subtilis spore.

The rate of L-alanine-initiated germination of Bacillus subtilis spore was measured by both loss of heat resistance and loss of turbidity, and the effect of glucose on the germination response to a wide range of concentrations of the germinant was analyzed in the presence and absence of D-alanine, an inhibitor. Glucose stimulated L-alanine germination by means of a cooperative effect: glucose increased the affinity of L-alanine by about 3-fold and the rate of germination by about 1.3-fold. However, glucose had little effect on the binding affinity of D-alanine. The apparent binding constant of L-alanine to the spore, which was determined by the next measurable event in the trigger reaction, was 1.2 X 10(-5), that of D-alanine was 6 X 10(-6), and that of glucose was 5 X 10(-5). The relation between the binding site for glucose and those for L- and D-alanine on the spore is discussed. Effect of glucose analogs was also examined.

Alanine↗
PubMed1984

Effect of glucose on the interaction of hydrophobic compounds with the alanine receptor field of Bacillus subtilis spores during initiation of germination.

Glucose interfered with the inhibitory action of hydrophobic compounds, such as n-octanol, diphenylamine and 2-tert-butylphenol, during L-alanine-initiated germination of Bacillus subtilis spores. The action of glucose on the action of the hydrophobic compounds was not competitive, and the binding affinity of glucose was not essentially affected by the hydrophobic compounds, indicating the presence of separate binding sites for glucose and the hydrophobic compounds. The binding affinity of D-alanine, a competitive inhibitor of L-alanine, was not affected by the hydrophobic compounds, indicating separate binding sites for D-alanine and the hydrophobic compounds. A possible arrangement of the binding sites for glucose and for the hydrophobic compounds in relation to those for L- and D-alanine on the spores is discussed.

1-Octanol↗
PubMed1984

Scanning electron microscopy studies of erythrocytes in spinocerebellar degeneration.

Spinocerebellar degeneration is a heredofamilial disease of unknown aetiology. The shape of erythrocytes as revealed by scanning electron microscopy was studied in this disease. Echinocytes I, as defined by Bessis, were seen more frequently in spinocerebellar degeneration than in age and sex matched controls (7.2 +/- 1.5% in spinocerebellar degeneration, 3.4 +/- 1.2% in controls, p less than 0.001), Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease, myopathy, and Huntington's chorea. Erythrocyte deformability was impaired to a greater extent in spinocerebellar degeneration than in the controls when the pH was raised from 7.2 to 8.0; Echinocytes I in spinocerebellar degeneration increased from 8.4 +/- 0.6 to 15.4 +/- 2.4%, in the control group from 2.8 +/- 1.2 to 13.3 +/- 2.1%. In spinocerebellar degeneration no significant correlation was found between the level of serum low density lipoprotein and the number of Echinocytes I. In both groups there was a significant correlation between the occurrence of Echinocytes I and age, and the difference of Echinocytes I was greater in aged subjects in spinocerebellar degeneration. The data suggest that membrane abnormality in erythrocytes exists in spinocerebellar degeneration and may be accelerated with the advance of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Bioavailability of griseofulvin from plain tablets in Göttingen minipigs and the correlation with bioavailability in humans.

Intravenous administration of 125 mg of griseofulvin to G ottingen minipigs showed biexponential elimination of the drug from plasma, in which the half lives of the initial and terminal phases were 0.2-0.6 h and 4.3-6.6 h, respectively. The bioavailability of four griseofulvin tablets used in a human bioavailability study was investigated in the pigs and compared with the human results. The differences of Cmax and AUC between the standard product and the others were smaller in the pig than in humans, however, the correlations of Cmax and AUC between humans and minipigs were high for the four products. The differences of Tmax among the products were small, and the Tmax of the standard product was large in the pigs compared with that in humans. In addition, delayed onset of drug absorption was observed in some of the pigs. The findings suggest slow gastric emptying of the drug in the pigs. The statistically small powers for the in vivo parameters observed in the pig, seem to indicate variable absorption of the drug in the animal.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

A problem in the measurements of pulmonary extravascular water volume by double indicator dilution method, using heat and dye--thermal diffusion into the left ventricular wall.

Pulmonary extravascular water volume was obtained as the lung thermal volume (LTV) in mongrel dogs (n = 31) by double indicator dilution method, using negative heat and indocyanine green. We used a technic of one injection site (right atrium) and two sampling sites, i.e., pulmonary artery trunk and aortic root. In 13 dogs, cardiac outputs determined simultaneously from thermodilution curves in pulmonary artery trunk, aortic root and from dye dilution curve in aortic root, were in a good agreement with a coefficient of variation of +/- 12%. Lung thermal volume measured twice within a period of 5 minutes in 17 dogs, gave closely similar values with a coefficient of variation of +/- 9%. Lung thermal volume was 5.7 +/- 1.1 ml/kg (mean +/- SD) and corresponding "weighed lung water" (WLW), which was measured by destructive, direct method, was 5.0 +/- 1.0 ml/kg, the ratio of LTV to WLW (LTV/WLW) being 1.2 +/- 0.2 in control state. LTV/WLW ratio was 1.2 +/- 0.2 in 11 dogs loaded with dextran, and 1.1 +/- 0.1 in 6 dogs loaded with alloxan. Thus the lung thermal volume slightly exceeded WLW. In order to evaluate the extent to which the thermal diffusion into the left ventricular wall would cause LTV to slightly overestimate the pulmonary extravascular water volume, dye dilution curves and thermodilution curves were recorded simultaneously in the left atrium (LA) and aortic root (Ao) in a total of 25 runs in 5 dogs. The ratio of LTV obtained in LA to that in Ao was 0.9 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SD). It was concluded that the pulmonary extravascular water volume was overestimated, by about 10% due to the thermal diffusion into the left ventricular wall.

Alloxan↗