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Biomedical subjects

Y Yashima

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yashima.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Clinical features of autistic children with setback course in their infancy.

This study examines the incidence rate of setback in 80 autistic children, the correlation between the type of onset and clinical features, developmental level and prognosis based on an originally developed questionnaire. Moreover, this study seeks to investigate the possibility that infantile autism might be classified into subgroups by the type of onset. 1) The acquired (including questionably acquired) group consisted of 39 cases (49%), while the natal group was made up of 41 cases (51%). 2) The age when the setback occurred was 21-22 months in the acquired group. 3) Precipitating psychological events were observed in 22 cases (56%) of the acquired group. 4) The mental developmental level including speech and socialbility function at 5 years of age was significantly lower in the acquired group than in the natal group. 5) The acquired group showed severe behavioral disorders such as "stereotypic behavior," "extremely hyperkinetic behavior" and "self-abusive behavior" compared with the natal group. 6) The adaptive levels at schools or institutions were lower in the acquired group than in the natal group. 7) There was a higher incidence of epileptic seizures or febrile convulsions in the acquired group than in the natal group. Moreover, there was a higher incidence of severe perinatal abnormalities in the acquired group. 8) The above-mentioned results suggest that infantile autism might be classified into two subgroups, acquired and natal groups, based on the type of onset, and also suggest that some types of brain dysfunctions are more severe in the acquired group than in the natal group.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

A new concept of basal cell epitheliomas based on the three-dimensional growth pattern of the superficial multicentric type.

Little is known about the growth characteristics of basal cell epitheliomas (BCEs), largely because of the difficulty in studying these tumors, both in situ and in vitro. In this study, the authors report that a scanning electron microscopic examination of 2 cases of superficial BCEs reveals that the tumor proliferates centrifugally as a monolayer beneath the epidermis as well as over the surfaces of hair follicles, while eroding and replacing the original basal architecture. Behind the leading edge of this monolayer, the cells split away from the epidermis to form a round border resembling a carpet being rolled up. This border then develops into a mass lesion, which represents the tumor cell foci seen in routine paraffin sections. These findings have led the authors to propose a fundamentally different explanation for the pathogenesis of these tumors: BCEs are conditioned neoplasms that require contact with the epidermal or hair follicular epithelium in order to grow. This hypothesis could explain the behavior of BCEs as well as the clinical and pathologic varieties observed in clinical practice.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[The groping phenomena in a case of Alzheimer type dementia].

We reported a case of senile dementia, Alzheimer type, with groping in response to a visual stimulus ("visual groping"). T.S. was a right-handed woman, 69 years old. In the beginning she displayed "visual groping" of the right hand, besides aphasia, lowered registration and Casteigne's "Motor neglect" of the right upper extremity. As the disease progressed, "visual groping" of the left hand developed, followed by "forced grasping" of the left hand. When the patient was 62 years old, she first showed decreased volition and lowered registration. Later poor finger movement and lessened speech were marked. At the age of 69, she was admitted to our hospital with aphasia and reduced registration. The patient showed preservation in naming and drawing tests. She also displayed a "visual groping" phenomenon of the right hand. This phenomenon was revealed when an examiner displayed something about 50 cm in front of the patient, and then she extended the upper extremity gropingly. We considered this phenomenon as "groping in response to a visual stimulus" of Denny-Brown. At the same time, the motor or praxic disorder of this patient consisted of paucity of movement. When she was told to imitate, her right upper extremity was hardly utilized, although later movements could be realized by her practice. When she was told to pour water from one glass into another, she used her left hand, although she used her right hand for spontaneous actions. So we considered this dyspraxia as a motor neglect of Casteigne.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Quantitative autoradiographic localization of neuropeptide Y receptors in the rat lower brainstem.

Using quantitative autoradiography, we have characterized the binding of 125I-Bolton-Hunter coupled neuropeptide Y ([125I]NPY) and observed the localization of 125I-NPY receptors in the rat lower brainstem. [125I]NPY bound to the receptors in a specific, saturable and reversible manner with high affinity. The binding was blocked only by unlabeled NPY but not by NPY-related peptides i.e. peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide (avian and human), nor by neurotensin. [125I]NPY receptors were revealed to be coupled to the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein. Regional distribution study showed that [125I]NPY has a distinctive pattern of distribution in the rat lower brainstem, being particularly concentrated in the area postrema and the medial subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarii. These results suggest that such NPY receptors have an important role in cardiovascular regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography of the brain in children with early infantile autism.

In order to examine the cranial CT of autistic children and investigate the etiological significance of CT scan findings, the CT of the brain was surveyed in 24 children with early infantile autism (3 to 17 years with a mean age of 7.6), and 179 children with the normal CT despite their medical histories such as headaches or febrile convulsions. According to their ages, the autistic and normal children were divided into the following three groups: Group I (age ranging from 3 to 5), Group II (age: 6 to 9) and Group III (age: 10 to 17). There was no significant difference between the bifrontal CVI of the autistic children and that of the normal children. However, in Group III, the bifrontal CVI of the autistic children was significantly higher than that of the normal children. There was no significant difference between the bicaudate CVI of the autistic children and that of the normal children. However, in Groups I and II, the bicaudate CVI of the autistic children was significantly lower than that of the normal children. The maximum widths of the third ventricle showed no significant difference between the autistic and normal children. However, in Groups II and III, those of the autistic children were wider than those of the normal children. In the autistic children, as the age increases, the difference becomes significantly wider. A positive correlation was observed between the width of the third ventricle and ages of the autistic children. An examination of the right-left ratio of maximum transverse diameter of the brain showed that there was no significant difference between the autistic and normal children. The above-mentioned results (1)-4)) might suggest a progressive disorder of the brain structure surrounding the third ventricle or lateral ventricles in the autistic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

An investigation on sleep disturbance of autistic children.

For the purpose of clarifying the pathophysiological meaning of sleep disturbance in autistic children, the sleep pattern of 75 such children was examined by a questionnaire method. Forty-nine of them showed sleep disturbance in their early life with an incidence of 65%. The poorly-developed group showed a high rate of sleep disturbance as compared with the relatively well-developed group. There was a negative correlation between the developmental level and duration period of sleep disturbance. The investigation of circumstances in which autistic children often exhibited sleep disturbance proved that abrupt changes in life environment or various problems in the way of bringing up children brought about their sleep disturbance. These findings suggest that sleep disturbance might be one of the main symptoms and related to the pathophysiology of infantile autism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The epidemiological study of autism in Fukushima-ken.

A survey of children aged under 18 years in Fukushima-ken (prefecture) in Japan showed that 2.33 per 10,000 children suffered from early infantile autism. The average of prevalence rates of autistic children born between 1968 and 1974 was 4.96 per 10,000 children. Based on a comparison between cities and rural districts, the prevalence rates of the former were significantly higher than those of the latter. Autistic boys outnumbered autistic girls with a sex ratio of 9 : 1. Psychiatric illnesses were very rare among the relatives of autistic children. The rate of prenatal and perinatal complications was higher than the national norm among autistic children. Parents of autistic children had a significantly higher education than the national norm. There were more nuclear families in the autistic group than in the national norm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Early symptoms of autistic children and its diagnostic significance.

In order to make a checklist for the early diagnosis of autism, the abnormalities of mental development before the age of two were examined retrospectively in autistic children. Additionally, the correlation between these early symptoms and the prognosis of autistic children were investigated. The subjects were 85 autistic children, 64 mentally retarded children and 150 normal children. The parents of these children were interviewed by child psychiatrists based on original questionnaires. The 27 early symptoms indicating disorders in personal relations, perception and sleeping as well as the setback course were found in autistic children. The onset ages of imitating others, pointing at objects and saying Yes were retarded in the poorly developed group as compared with the highly developed group.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1982

Effect of a new potent H2-blocker, 3-[[[2-(diaminomethylene)amino]-4-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]-N2-sulfamoyl propionamidine (YM-11170), on gastric secretion, ulcer formation and weight of male accessory sex organs in rats.

A new H2-blocker, 3-[[[2-[(diaminoethylene)amino]-4-thiazolyl]ethyl]thio]-N2-sulfamoyl propionamidine (YM 11170) inhibited gastric secretion of both acid and pepsin, when given intraduodenally to pylorus-ligated rats. The effectiveness of YM-11170 in the inhibition of acid output was 50 times as potent as that of cimetidine. The higher antisecretory activity of YM-11170 than that of 1-cyano-2-methyl-3-[2-[[(5-methylimidazol-4-yl)-methyl]thio]ethyl]guanidine (cimetidine) was also demonstrated by oral or i.v. administration. The development of gastric ulcer induced by either indometacin or acetylsalicylic acid in rats was markedly suppressed by YM-11170 with higher potency than by cimetidine. In castrated and androgenized rats, the decrease in the seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights was not observed after treatment with YM-11170. These results suggest that YM-11170 is a potent antisecretory agent without antiandrogenic activity.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1980

Plasma cyclic AMP level in psychiatric diseases of childhood.

Determinations were made of the plasma cyclic AM level to examine its relationship with hyperkinesis (Werry-Weiss-Peters Activity Scale, WWPAS) and other features of mental disorders in 80 children, of whom 21 had early infantile autism, 15 hyperkinetic mental retardation, 12 minimal brain dysfunction and 32 Down's syndrome. In autistic and hyperkinetic mentally retarded children, the plasma cyclic AMP levels were higher than in normal children and were positively correlated with the WWPAS score. In children with minimal brain dysfunction, the plasma cyclic AMP level was significantly lower than in normal children and was not correlated with the WWPAS score. In children with Down's syndrome, the plasma cyclic AMP level was somewhat higher than in normal children.

Adult↗