Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Yamashiro

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yamashiro.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Prostaglandins in the plasma and stool of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis.

To investigate whether prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in the mechanism of rotavirus diarrhea, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha concentrations in the plasma and stool of children (21 and 16, respectively) with rotavirus gastroenteritis were measured and compared with those of their respective controls. The effect of aspirin on the diarrhea was also studied in 14 patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis. The PGE2 and PGF2 alpha contents of both the plasma and the stool of patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis were significantly higher than in the plasma and stool of the control group. Furthermore, aspirin given by mouth caused the diarrhea to cease earlier. These results suggest that PGE2 and PGF2 alpha are involved as important mediators in the causative mechanism of rotavirus diarrhea.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1989

Two cases of cystic fibrosis in Japanese children: studies on the essential fatty acid and prostaglandin metabolism.

We describe the fatty acid (FA) and prostaglandin (PG) metabolism in two Japanese cases of cystic fibrosis (CF) with or without pancreatic insufficiency (PI). The diagnosis of CF was based on the elevated sweat chloride concentration by pilocarpine iontophoresis. A 1-month-old boy (case 1) showed poor weight gain, steatorrhea and scaly dermatitis, but no respiratory symptoms were noted. He had decreased levels of serum linoleate and arachidonate, and increased palmitoleate and oleate levels, indicating essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency. Supplementation of fat-emulsion improved his skin lesions and the altered FA pattern within a few months, associated with the definite reduction of the urinary PG F2 alpha levels. Until two years of age, he has been free from respiratory symptoms. A 12-year-old girl (case 2) had had recurrent respiratory tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus for several years, and her pancreatic functions were preserved. The FA patterns of her serum lipid were almost within the normal range. These results indicate that 1) the altered FA composition appeared to be a secondary consequence of PI commonly complicating CF and 2) the correction of the altered FA and PG metabolism might have a beneficial effect on the respiratory function of CF patients with EFA deficiency.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Possible biological growth factors in breast milk and postnatal development of the gastrointestinal tract.

To investigate as to whether or not biological growth factors known to be present in natural milks could influence postnatal development of gastrointestinal (GI) tract, tests were made to determine the enteric mucosal, protein and DNA contents, alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidase activities in mongrel puppies at birth and after four days of both mother-reared and artificial reared. Microvilli of the jejunal segment were also investigated histologically by electron microscopy. Similar increases in body weight over the first four days of life were obtained and mucosal protein and DNA contents in the small intestine were greater in the mother-reared animals than in the newborn animals but neither mucosal protein content nor DNA content of the artificially reared animals was different from that of the newborn animals. Alkaline phosphatase activity was greater in both the mother-reared and artificially reared animals than that of the newborn animals. The disaccharidase activities were not different among the three groups. The jejunal microvilli of the mother-reared animals were more elaborately grown in the structure than those of the artificially reared or newborn animals. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the mother rearing over the first four days of life resulted in acceleration of the enteric mucosal growth, and the result indicates that breast feeding plays an important role in the development of the GI tract during the neonatal period.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of beta-thalassemia mutations among the Japanese.

Characterization of beta-thalassemia mutations were attempted for 29 Japanese families clinically diagnosed as having beta-thalassemia. Following the identification of a mutation by cloning and sequencing, all families were screened for this particular mutation, using biotinylated allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. Seven different mutations were detected in 17 families: Six families had the frameshift mutation at codons 41/42, resulting from a 4 nucleotide deletion (TTCTTT----TT); four had the deletion at codons 127/128 (CAGGCT----CCT); and three had the TATA box mutation at nucleotide -31 (A----G). Four additional families had mutations at codon 24 (GGT----GGA), codon 26 (GAG----AAG), IVS-II-654 (C----T) and codon 110 (GTG----CCG), respectively. The newly discovered deletion mutation at codons 127/128, and mutations at nucleotide -31, and at codon 110 are peculiar to Japanese, and have not been found in any other ethnic group. The haplotypes of the beta-globin gene cluster were also determined. Some of the haplotypes and beta-thalassemia mutations are identical to those reported in the Chinese population. However, it is noteworthy that nearly half of the beta-thalassemia mutations were unique to Japanese.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Complements in diabetes mellitus: activation of complement system evidenced by C3d elevation in IDDM.

To characterize insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in terms of the complement system, some components of the system as well as the related substances and indices were studied. CH50, C3, C4 and C3bINA significantly increased in both IDDM and NIDDM compared with non-diabetic healthy controls. ACH50 was also elevated in NIDDM, whereas it was similar in IDDM and controls. Besides, the serum concentration of C3d, a breakdown product of C3, was higher in IDDM than in NIDDM and healthy controls, but that in NIDDM did not differ significantly from the control. B1Hg1 was not different among IDDM, NIDDM and non-diabetic controls. These observations suggested that there is a high level of complements in both types of diabetes mellitus, but the complement activation seems to be much enhanced in IDDM compared with NIDDM.

Complement Activation↗
PubMed1988

Complements in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with complications.

A relation of the complement system to the development of complications in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was evaluated by measuring some components of the complement system. CH50, C3, C4 and C3bINA were significantly elevated in subjects with NIDDM as compared with healthy non-diabetic controls. However, CH50 and C3 did not differ between diabetics with and without complications. C4 was higher in diabetics with retinopathy as well as with retinopathy and neuropathy than in diabetics without these complications. ACH50, beta 1Hg1 and C3d were similar in subjects with NIDDM and non-diabetics, and not associated with complications of NIDDM. C3d/C3 in NIDDM without complications was lower than in healthy subjects, but did not significantly differ between the types of complications. These results suggest that the high level of complements in NIDDM might be due to enhanced production of complements and the development of diabetic complications would be related to the elevated level of complements.

Complement System Proteins↗
PubMed1988

An improved method for the isolation of islets from the rat pancreas.

The conventional method for rat islet isolation was improved by injection of collagenase solution (1.3 mg/ml) into the bile duct and the concomitant dissection of the inferior vena cava, static incubation of the removed distended pancreas for 15 min at 37 degrees C and filtration of the digested tissue through two different meshes of 1190 and 590 micron in pore size. This new technique led to about 2.5 times higher yield of viable islets than the conventional method.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in transurethral resection of the prostate: how much sampling is adequate].

The amount of prostatic tissue necessary to detect carcinoma in transurethral resection specimens with reasonable accuracy, was evaluated. The samples were taken from the patients with a clinical diagnosis of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Prostate chips from 647 such patients were examined microscopically. An average of 2.5 g of sample was mounted in each block. Adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 58 cases (9.0%). Among them, 40 cases were in stage A1, and 18 in stage A2. Incidental carcinoma was found more frequently in prostate chips weighing less than 20 g. To detect carcinoma with 95% probability, at least 2 slides should be examined in stage A2, and 6 slides in stage A1.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[A case of adrenal black adenoma associated with Cushing's syndrome].

A 36-year-old female was admitted to Asahi General Hospital because of hypertension. Laboratory findings showed elevated levels of urine 17 (11)-hydroxycorticosteroid and blood cortisol. Computerized tomography and ultrasound sonography demonstrated a round tumor at the suprarenal region. The black tumor, 5 X 3 X 2 cm, was removed by left adrenalectomy. Microscopic findings revealed adrenal adenoma consisting of compact cells containing numerous pigmented granules. Postoperative course was uneventful. Hormonal condition was recovered 11 months after operation.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1988

[A comparative study of the effects of drug therapy and bladder training therapy].

Treatment of enuresis was studied in 168 patients. The patients were divided into two groups, the drug therapy group which consisted of 88 patients who were treated with drugs only, and the bladder training therapy group which consisted of 80 patients who were treated mainly with bladder training supplemented with drug therapy. In the drug therapy group imipramine was the first choice and was used at bed time. The dose of imipramine was initially 1 mg/kg and was gradually decreased if it worked well, and changed to other drugs if it did not work well. In the bladder training therapy group, bladder training was performed in all patients for 3 months, and 22 patients who cured further bladder training was continued, whereas the rest of the patients (58 patients) drug therapy was started in addition to bladder training. After 3 months, drug therapy was effective for 54 patients (61%) including 10 patients (11%) who were cured, and bladder training therapy plus drug therapy was effective for 55 patients (69%) including 22 patients (28%) who were cured. The number of cured patients in the bladder training therapy group was significantly larger than that of the drug therapy group (p less than 0.01). After 6 months, drug therapy was effective for 56 patients (64%) including 16 patients (18%) who were cured, and bladder training therapy plus drug therapy was effective for 66 patients (83%) including 30 patients (38%) who were cured. The number of effective and cured patients in the bladder training therapy group was significantly larger than that in the drug therapy group (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗