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Biomedical subjects

Y Y Lin

Publications and source records attributed to Y Y Lin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The effect of intracranial pressure caused by airway suction in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhagic comatose patients].

Ten hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhagic comatose patients in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit were involved in this study. The ten were within the range of 5 to 8 by Glasgow Coma Scale, and all had undergone tracheostomy. During suction of the airway for 20 seconds in 4 areas (trachea, bronchus, nasal and oral cavities), the data of intracranial pressure (ICP), arterial blood pressure, pulse rate (PR) and respiration rate (RR) were recorded. Results were analyzed for ICP, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), PR, RR, and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) at the 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th seconds in the above-mentioned areas. The ICP was found to be significantly increased, and above the 20 mmHg mark, during suction of the bronchus or nasal cavity for 5 seconds. The MABP also showed significant increase, to above the 110 mmHg mark during 5-second suction of the trachea or nasal cavity or during suction of the bronchus or oral cavity for 10 seconds. However, during the suction of the four airway areas, PR and RR were less influenced and the CPP was not decreased or significantly changed. The conclusion of this study was that suction in the areas of trachea, bronchus and nasal cavity, should not exceed 5 to 10 seconds; in the oral cavity, it may be done within 10 to 15 seconds and at each procedure of airway suction. If it is not possible to clean the sputum or secretion in one procedure, the patient should be allowed to rest for about one minute or become stabilized as determined by watching the monitors of ICP, BP, PR, and RR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Latent structure model of physicians' opinions on National Health Insurance].

The purpose of this study is to construct the latent structure models of physicians' opinions on National Health Insurance (NHI). The data for the analysis came from a mail survey of 1619 physicians in January of 1990. Five latent structure models were established as follows: Structure 1. Physicians' viewpoint on NHI. Hospital physicians: Steady, 69%; Turn-Over, 26%; Career-change, 5%. Clinic physicians: Steady-with Insurance Contract, 55%; Steady-without Insurance Contract, 41%; Career-Change, 4%. Structure 2. Physicians' expected impact of NHI. Hospital physicians: Pessimistic, 45%; Disadvantaged, 38%; Constant, 17%. Clinic physicians: Pessimistic, 72%; Constant, 12%; Ambitious, 16%. Structure 3. Physicians' expected workload change due to the implement of NHI. Hospital physicians: Decreasing, 30%; No-Change, 18%; Increasing, 52%. Clinic physicians: Decreasing, 30%; Non-Change, 23%; Increasing, 48%. Structure 4. Ideal practice pattern. Hospital physicians: Traditional, 47%; Transitional, 42%; Practice Abandoned, 12%. Clinic physicians: Traditional, 20%; Transitional, 21%; Rural-Orientated 59%. Structure 5. Expected payment methods for physicians. Hospital physicians: Credentiality-Specialty-based, 44%; Specialty-Equal Pay-based, 11%; Equal Pay-Specialty-based, 42%; Equal Pay-Credentiality-based, 4%. Clinic physicians: Credentiality-based, 24%; Mixed, 11%; Equal Service-Equal Pay-based, 60%; Urbanization Level-based, 5%.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

[An opinion survey of physicians on the impact of National Health Insurance].

In order to further protect the rights of citizens to health care, the government of Taiwan has decided to fully implement the National Health Insurance (NHI) program by 1994. This study examined the opinions of physicians in Taiwan on the impact of the NHI. The data for the analysis came from a mailing survey of 1619 physicians carried out in November 1989 (response rate 21.6%). The results of this study showed: (1) The impact of NHI on the profession: physicians expect their incomes to decrease, workloads to increase, and their professional authonomy to decrease; (2) The impact of the NHI on working conditions: hospital-based physicians expect to decrease the use of medical auxilliary personnel, increase the volume of services, and increase service hours, where as office-based physicians expect the NHI to increase the use of medical auxilliary personnel, increase the volume of services, and increase administrative workload; (3) Half of the physicians expect the NHI will cause the quality of health services to deteriorate. Based on the above findings, this study further discussed the policy and research implications for planning the NHI.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of plasticizers on compatibility, mechanical properties, and adhesion strength of drug-free Eudragit E films.

The use of plasticizers to affect the properties of drug-free, self-adhesive Eudragit E-100 films with higher transparency was tested for possible transdermal drug delivery. Triacetin was found to be an effective first plasticizer for Eudragit E-100 polymer. In order to improve the flexibility and adhesiveness of Eudragit E-100 film plasticized with triacetin, a more flexible and adhesive, secondary plasticizer was added. Plasticizer-polymer compatibility was evaluated by measuring transparency, surface topography, and solubility. Secondary plasticizers with a low molecular weight and a solubility parameter similar to that of Eudragit E-100 polymer and triacetin were compatible. Further, a lower molecular weight or higher concentration of the secondary plasticizers might lead to greater plasticizing action, reduce tensile strength, and increase film elongation, independent of the hydrophilicity of the plasticizer. The adhesive strength of Eudragit E-100 film under a 180 degrees peel test was also affected by the molecular weight and solubility parameter of the secondary plasticizers used. The results indicate that PEG 200, propylene glycol, diethyl phthalate, and oleic acid can serve as a secondary plasticizer to improve the transparency, flexibility, and adhesion of Eudragit E-100 film.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1988

13C-NMR study of taurine and chlorotaurine in human cells.

13C-NMR with 13C-enriched taurine [( 13C]taurine) has been utilized to study the formation and reactions of N-chlorotaurine in solution and in human cells. Taurine reacts instantaneously with HOCl at pH 7.0 to form N-chlorotaurine, which is stable in solution by itself. In the presence of alpha-amino acids, a chlorine transfer reaction taken place to produce N-chloroamino acids, which quickly convert to the corresponding aldehydes. [13C]Taurine was incubated with human neutrophils and with cultured human lymphoblastoid cells and 13C-NMR spectra of the whole cell mixtures were acquired in order to examine the formation of N-chlorotaurine from reaction between taurine and the endogenous HOCl produced by myeloperoxidase-catalyzed reactions (Zgliczynski, J.M., et al. (1968) Eur. J. Biochem. 4, 540; Weiss, S.J., et al. (1982) J. Clin. Invest. 70, 598). The presence of N-chlorotaurine in the cells was not detected on the 13C-NMR spectra. On the other hand, N-chloro[13C]taurine incubated with the cells was found to be converted to taurine, which must have been produced by a chlorine transfer reaction of the N-chlorotaurine to other cellular components such as amino acids, peptides or proteins. A 13C-NMR study of taurine uptake in human lymphoblastoid cells indicated that taurine is incorporated into a freely mobile intracellular pool. These results suggest that the presence of abundant taurine in a freely mobile intracellular pool may serve as a buffer in preventing oxidative damage to the cells from attacks by HOCl or other oxidants.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1987

Selection of a derivative of the antiviral agent 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)-methyl]guanine (DHPG) with improved oral absorption.

Various diesters of 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)-methyl]guanine (DHPG) were screened in order to identify a derivative with improved oral absorption. The solubilities and dissolution rates decreased with increasing chain length and branching of the ester group. However, the dipropionate ester showed an anomalously faster dissolution rate. The rates of hydrolysis to DHPG in the presence of intestinal homogenates were found to increase with increasing carbon number for the straight-chain alkyl esters and decreased with branching. The shorter-chain alkyl esters were relatively more stable in intestinal homogenates than in liver homogenates. Therefore they may have a better membrane permeability than DHPG due to their intact ester group. The hydrolysis rates in human blood increased with increasing carbon number for the straight-chain alkyl esters. The dipropionate ester appeared to be the most promising derivative because of its rapid dissolution rate, slower hydrolysis in the intestine, and rapid conversion to DHPG in liver and blood.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1985

Stable isotope study of plasma taurine kinetics in rhesus monkey.

Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in mammals and there is increasing evidence for the importance of taurine during development. Plasma taurine kinetics in a rhesus monkey was studied using [1,2-13C2]taurine. Taurine in plasma was derivatized to its dimethylaminomethylene methyl ester, separated on a gas chromatographic column, and the [M+2+H]+/[M+H]+ ion ratio was measured by ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The results were comparable to those obtained from the simultaneous radioisotope tracer study using [35S]taurine. This stable isotope method requires only 200 microliters of plasma for precise and accurate determination and is suitable for taurine kinetic studies in human infants.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

N-acetylneuramin lactose sulfate: a newly identified nutrient in milk.

The identity of a sulfate ester in rat milk has been determined to be N-acetylneuramin lactose sulfate. This sulfate ester is present in rat mammary tissue and in human milk. The presence of this compound offers an explanation for the simultaneous delivery of sulfate and calcium via the milk, two essential nutrients in early life, without precipitation of calcium sulfate in the milk. N-acetylneuramin lactose sulfate is hydrolyzed in the gut of the neonate and absorbed as inorganic sulfate. This is the first report suggesting that this ester may be of nutritional importance.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1984

Improved diagnosis of classical vs atypical phenylketonuria by liquid chromatography.

Atypical phenylketonuria among infants with hyperphenylalaninemia must be promptly diagnosed and differentiated from classical phenylketonuria, because these patients require different treatment to prevent irreversible neurological damage. Measurement of pteridines in urine by liquid chromatography has been widely used for this purpose. Here we report a rapid, simplified liquid-chromatographic method for simultaneously measuring urinary biopterin, neopterin, and creatinine. Unlike previous methods, this method involves neither tedious cleanup procedures nor special equipment.

Biopterins↗
PubMed1982

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging techniques as developed modestly within a university medical center environment: what can the small system contribute at this point?

This paper describes a geometrically small NMR imaging system which has been developed and assembled within a university medical center environment. Consideration is given to the technical specifications and basic economics for the magnet system, NMR spectrometer, and computer configuration. Initial research objectives for the system are outlined which include (1) the signal-to-noise improvement potential of rotational gradient imaging, and (2) 19F tracer imaging considerations with a detailed discussion concerning the feasibility of in vivo NMR imaging of 19F-fluorodeoxyglucose (2-FDG and 3-FDG). Finally, potentially significant areas for research within the constraints of a small NMR imaging system are described.

Academic Medical Centers↗