Biomedical subjects

Y Xu

Publications and source records attributed to Y Xu.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Quantitative in vitro assessment of drug phototoxicity by a chemiluminescence method.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a test model for phototoxic agents using the method of chemiluminescence. METHODS: The phototoxicity of pipemidic acid, doxycycline, griseofuvin and chlorpromazine was detected. These agents and distilled water were irradiated with ultraviolet A (UVA) in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH), and the duplicated samples were incubated in the dark as dark controls. Then luminol was added to the test samples, and the chemiluminescent value was counted and calculated. RESULTS: Chemiluminescent values of pipemidic acid, doxycycline and griseofuvin were significantly higher than those in controls. The result of linear regression analysis showed that phototoxic intensity was linear correlated with UVA dosage. The regression coefficient for distilled water was 0.56, indicating that the luminescent value (LV) rose slightly after UVA irradiation. For pipemidic acid, griseofuvin and doxycycline, the regression coefficients reached 76.96, 254.33 and 92.61 respectively, significantly increased in comparison with those of negative controls (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Phototoxicity of pipemidic acid, doxycycline and griseofuvin can be detected with the method of chemiluminescence.

Dermatitis, Phototoxic↗

PubMed1999

Subclasses of warm autoantibody IgG in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and their clinical implications.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of autoimmune hemolysis and establish a more sensitive test for autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). METHODS: IgG subclasses were tested in 40 patients with idiopathic or secondary AIHA by Coombs test with monoclonal antibodies. Hb, TBil, RC and FHb, as hemolytic parameters, were used to analyze the clinical implications of subclasses of AIHA warm autoantibody IgG. RESULTS: In most patients IgG incomplete warm autoantibody was IgG1 (27 patients), but IgG3 (20 patients), rarely IgG2 (14 patients) and IgG4 (9 patients) also occurred. Three groups were analyzed: Group A included 20 patients with IgG3; Group B included 14 patients with IgG1 bit without IgG3; Group C included 6 patients without IgG1 and IgG3. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) between groups in Hb, TBil, RC and FHb. Moreover, we also found that the sensitivity of Coombs test with polyclonal antiserums was 90.0%, while that of Coombs test with monoclonal antibodies was 97.5%. The effect of treatment was worst in patients with positive IgG3 autoantibody, whose hemolysis recurred frequently. CONCLUSION: IgG3 autoantibody was the most effective in bringing about red cell destruction, IgG1 autoantibody was less effective, IgG2 even less, whereas IgG4 autoantibody was shown to hardly affect red cell survival. Coombs test with monoclonal antibodies was more sensitive than that with polyclonal antiserums. Patients' respondence to treatment correlated with the type of IgG subclasses.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

An ultrasound scoring system for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE: To establish noninvasive semiquantitative ultrasonic criteria for evaluating liver fibrosis and differentiating cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis. METHODS: A total of 66 HBsAg positive patients (chronic hepatitis 42 patients, cirrhosis 24) were included. Ultrasonography was performed 24 hours before liver biopsy. A fibrotic scoring system was used to evaluate the ultrasound findings in contrast with fibrotic stages in each patient. RESULTS: The total liver fibrotic scores had a significantly positive correlation with the histological liver fibrotic stage (r = 0.952, P < 0.001); the stage of histological liver fibrosis (Y) was calculated by the total fibrotic scores (X) according to the experiential formula: Y = X/2 -2; receiver operating curves (ROC) showed that the best cut-off values for differentiating cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis was 10 with a sensitivity of 87.8% and a specificity of 97.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The total fibrotic scores of ultrasonic dimensional image provide a semiquantitative marker to evaluate liver fibrosis and differentiate cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Effect of anti-CD4+ human/murine chimeric antibody on the proliferation and apoptosis of lymphocyte in patients with asthma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of anti-CD4+ human/murine chimeric antibody on the proliferation and the apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in patients with asthma. METHODS: PBL isolated from patients with asthma were cultured with 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L anti-CD4+ human/murine chimeric antibody and anti-CD3+ McAb (10 mg/L) for 0, 24, 48 h in vitro, the apoptosis cell percentage were detected by flow cytometry and in situ end-labeling technique of fragmental DNA as well as the proliferation of PBL were detected by MTT method. RESULTS: Comparing with normal controls, the apoptosis cell percentage was significantly decreased by stimulation with anti-CD3+ McAb for 24 h and 48 h, the proliferation of lymphocyte was increased in patients with asthma; the apoptosis cell percentage of patients with asthma was significantly increased (P < 0.01, respectively) with the cell cultured with 50 mg/L or 100 mg/L anti-CD4+ human/murine chimeric antibody for 24 h or 48 h At the same time the lymphocyte proliferation was inhabited (P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It is demonstrated that the proliferation of PBL in patients with asthma were increased and the apoptosis cell percentage were decreased, anti-CD4+ human/murine chimeric antibody had inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocyte and had enhanced the T lymphocyte apoptosis. The anti-CD4+ human/murine chimeric antibody may be potentially useful for the biotherapy of asthma.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[The changes of protein kinase C activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes in asthmatic patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes of protein kinase C (PKC) activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the relationship between PKC activities and level of the air flow limitation in asthmatic patients. METHODS: PKC from cytosolic and membrane fractions of PBL was isolated and purified, then its activities were determined. RESULTS: (1) The total PKC activities in PBL in asthmatic subjects (n = 18) were significantly increased as compared to those in normal subjects (n = 6, P < 0.01). More over, the membrane PKC activities and their percentages in the total PKC activities were higher in asthmatics than in normals (P < 0.05). In vitro it suggested that methacholine(n = 5) or histamine (n = 5) could significantly increase translocation of PKC from cytosol to membrane (P < 0.05) and, by doing so, activate the PKC in PBL. (2) The total PKC activities were significantly correlated with FEV1% (r = -0.73, P < 0.001, n = 18), PEF(r = -0.62, P < 0.01, n = 18) and V50 (r = -0.63, P < 0.01, n = 18). (3) The total PKC activities in PBL were significantly correlated with the levels of sIL-2R in serum in the asthmatics (r = 0.58, P < 0.05, n = 18). CONCLUSIONS: (1) The total activities and the level of translocation of PKC were significantly increased in PBL in asthmatics as compared to normals. This abnormal activation state of PKC in PBL may be related with the increased levels of inflammatory mediators. (2) Highly significant correlations existed between the total PKC activities and the level of air flow limitation in asthmatics. (3) PKC signal pathway may be implicated in the activation of T-lymphocytes in asthma. It is suggested that the role of PKC signal pathway may be important in the pathogenisis of asthma.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Lymphocyte apoptosis in asthmatic patients and its molecular mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the apoptosis rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from patients with asthma and explore its molecular mechanism. METHODS: Lymphocytes were isolated with ficoll-hypaque gradient method and T lymphocytes were further isolated with nylon pili. T lymphocytes were stimulated by anti- CD3+ antibody for 0, 24, 48, 72 hours in vitro and the apoptosis rates were measured with in situ tailing technique. At the same time, Bcl-2 gene expression and Bax gene expression were observed with in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The percentages of apoptosis cell in T lymphocytes from patients with asthma were significantly decreased and the timing delayed in comparison with those in normal controls (P < 0.01). The Bcl-2 mRNA expression in T lymphocytes was significantly increased in different time points than in normal controls (P < 0.01), but Bax mRNA expression in T lymphocytes was remarkably decreased (P < 0.01). The rates of Bcl-2/Bax mRNA could not reach the state of the controls until 72 hours from the begining of the stimulation with the anti-CD3+. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibited apoptosis might be one of the reasons for the chronic persistent inflammation in the airways in asthmatic patients and the imbalance between Bcl-2 gene expression and Bax gene expression may be one of the molecular mechanisms for the inhibited apoptosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[The effects of twin-block magnetic appliance on the early skeletal Class III malocclusion].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of magnetic functional and orthopedic approach on treatment of early skeletal class III malocclusion. METHODS: A new type of magnetic twin-block appliance (TMA) was developed and used on 32 growing subjects with skeletal class III malocclusion. RESULTS: The class III dentofacial profile significantly improved and class III molar relationship was corrected in most cases. CONCLUSION: The Nd2-Fe14-B TMA could be used as effective orthopedic approach in treating class III malocclusion, which had many advantages, such as force prediction, well-controlled anchorage, small and comfortable design of appliance and good cooperation from patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Clinical and experimental study on treatment of chronic pyogenic tympanitis with shenlian ear-drops].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and mechanism of Shenlian Ear-Drops (SLED), a composite preparation of Chinese herbal medicine, in treating chronic pyogenic tympanitis (CPT). METHODS: The 201 patients of CPT enrolled were divided randomly into two groups. The treated group were treated with SLED, three times per day, and the control group treated with ofloxacin ear-drop, three times per day. The changes in symptoms, signs and bacterial culture after treatment were observed. Experimental studies on anti-inflammatory, detumescent effect and skin mucosa irritation test, and bacteriostasic activity of SLED were also conducted. RESULTS: The curative effect in the treated group was higher than that in the control group with shorter time of medication. The improvement of symptoms and signs in the former was also better than that in the latter (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Experimental study showed SLED had obvious anti-inflammatory and detumescent effect, apparent bacteriostasic activity against often encountered pathogens of CPT, and with no side-effect such as irritation on skin, mucosa of external acoustic meatus or tympanic cavity, and was non-ototoxic. CONCLUSION: SLED has good curative effect in treating CPT.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1999

[Effect of Angelica sinensis injection on CD11c and CD14 expression in alveolar macrophage membrane of chronic bronchitis patients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Angelica sinensis injection (ASI) in CD11c and CD14 expression in alveolar macrophage (AM) membrane of chronic bronchitis patients. METHODS: AM from 10 chronic bronchitis patients (remmision stage) and 10 healthy subjects was obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. After had cultured for 24 hours with ASI or/and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CD11c and CD14 expression and intracellular calcium ion concentration in AM were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: CD11c and CD14 expression levels of patients' AM membrane (n = 10) were (39.17 +/- 5.56)% and (35.73 +/- 8.05)% respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control [n = 10, (16.29 +/- 3.78)% and (15.26 +/- 5.96)%], P < 0.05. LPS could increase the elevation of CD11c expression of patients [(47.25 +/- 7.00)%, P < 0.05], while ASI could reduce the increment [LPS Plus ASI group (27.61 +/- 8.64)%, P < 0.05]. The basic calcium level of AM cytoplasma of patients was (189.47 +/- 23.69) nmol/L (n = 7), which was higher than that of healthy control (99.65 +/- 32.21) nmol/L (n = 6), P < 0.05. The intracellular calcium ion elevation in AM of patients could be induced by LPS, and ASI could inhibit the elevation. The calcium level in LPS group was (288.47 +/- 43.68) nmol/L, in ASI Plus LPS group, (236.68 +/- 28.60) nmol/L, P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: ASI could reduce the CD11c expression in AM of chronic bronchitis patients by inhibiting LPS induced intracellular calcium ion elevation in AM, suggesting that ASI may inhibit non-specific inflammation of respiratory tract.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[The effects of nitric oxide and endothelia levels on plasma in patients with chronic heart failure].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of prostaglandin E1 on plasma nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) levels in patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS: Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary arterial and venous plasma ET and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels were determined in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) were evaluated. RESULTS: (1) Pulmonary hypertension was present in patients with CHF. Plasma NO and ET levels in the pulmonary artery were higher than those in the pulmonary vein (P < 0.05), the levels in the latter was in turn higher than those in normal subjects (P < 0.05). (2) Plasma ACE levels showed a similar change, (3) The increase of plasma ET was more than the increase of NO in patients with CHF, thus, NO/ET ratio was decreased in CHF (P < 0.05). (4) PGE1 caused significant decrease in PAP but increase in cardial index. It decreased plasma NO, ET, ACE, and increased NO/ET ratio (P < 0.05). These effects became more apparent with the increase of PGE1 level. CONCLUSION: NO and NO/ET ratio might be involved in CHF by causing pulmonary hypertension and local vascular endothelium perturbation. PGE1 could inhibit these effects and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of CHF.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Changes of transmembrane ion transport in essential hypertensives with familial histories].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of heredity on transmembrane ion transport in essential hypertension (EH). METHODS: 52 essential hypertensives were divided into two groups, 23 with positive family history (FH(+)) and 29 with negative family history (FH(-)). The rate constant of ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux ((o)K(os)) was measured as the half of the increase in erythrocyte Na(+) concentration during incubation with ouabain for 2 hours, (o)K(os) was calculated by an equation and the maximal rate (Vmax) of red cells Na(+)/H(+) exchange was determined as the Na(+) influx promoted by an outward H(+) gradient. Intracellular Na(+) concentration was measured with flame photometry and (45)Ca(2+) influx in ATP-depleted red cells with liquid scintillation counting. RESULTS: The red cell Na(+)/H(+) exchange and (45)Ca(2+) in-flux were significantly higher but the (o)K(os) lower in both the FH(+) and FH(-) groups than in the controls. FH(+) group demonstrated a significantly higher (o)K(os) and lower Ca(2+) influx as compared with those in FH(-) group. In FH(+) group, systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with age, while diastolic blood pressure positively correlated with (45)Ca(2+) influx. CONCLUSION: Our data show a genetic contribution to abnormal membrane transport in hypertension. There is a defect in membrane permeability to Ca(2+) and a greater exchangeable pool of cytosolic free Ca(2+) in FH(+) group that participate in the pathogenesis of inherited hypertension.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[Detection of human immunodeficiency virus infection in tuberculosis patients].

OBJECTIVE: Combined infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has attracted wide attention. This study was to find out infection of HIV and occurrence of AIDS in tuberculosis patients. METHODS: Primary screening was conducted in 2 973 inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis by gelatin particle agglutination assay or rapid gold-labeled HIV 1 + 2 antibody assay. The HIV positive cases were sent to Beijing Municipal Center Laboratory for verification. RESULTS: Three HIV positive cases were detected among 2,973 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with the positive rate of 1.01 per thousand. Two were male and 1 female with average age of 30 years (23, 27, and 40 years respectively) accounting for 2.86 per thousand of the 21 - 41 age group, among which 1 infected through intravenous drug injection, 2 by heterosexual behavior. And all the 3 HIV positive cases had developed to be AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: Enough knowledge of the risk of combined HIV/MTB infection and high-degree alert should be emphasized in medical professionals involving in diagnosis, treatment and management of tuberculosis. Routine HIV antibody detection in high-risk tuberculosis patients for HIV infection, especially in young and middle-age tuberculosis patients, is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of AIDS and avoiding its spreading.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[The increased reactivity of isolated pulmonary artery rings from rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension to activator of protein kinase C].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the reactivity of isolated pulmonary artery rings from rats with chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) to protein kinase.C (PKC) activator. METHODS: Pulmonary artery rings from adult rats exposed to normobaric hypoxia for two weeks and normal rats were isolated for measurement of isometric contractions to PMA, the specific activator of PKC. Responses were examined as follows: (1) The maximal response (P(1)) to 0.5 micromol/L PMA and the time required to achieve a half-maximal response to 0.5 micromol/L PMA (t(1/2)); (2) Dose-response curve in response to PMA (0.01 - 10.0 micromol/L) and the dose of PMA that produced a contractile response as 50% of the maximal response (P(0)) to 80 mmol/L KCl (EC(50) KCl). RESULTS: P(1) of hypoxic group (34.3 +/- 2.4) P(0)% was greater than that of normal group [(26.2 +/- 2.9) P(0)%, n = 6, P < 0.05)], t(1/2) and EC(50) KCl of hypoxic group [(27 +/- 7) min, and (0.7 +/- 0.1) micromol/L] were smaller than those of normal group [(32 +/- 5) min, n = 6, P < 0.05, and (6.0 +/- 0.2) micromol/L, n = 12, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: The reactivity of pulmonary artery rings from hypoxic rats to PMA was enhanced, which indicates that protein kinase C may have an important role in the development of HPH.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Ocular pharmacokinetics of pilocarpine micron emulsion in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pharmacokinetics of pilocarpine micron emulsion with generic pilocarpine solution in the aqueous humor. METHODS: 60 albino rabbits were used and were divided into 20 groups, each consisting of 3 animals. 10 groups received 2% generic pilocarpine 50 microl as controls; 10 groups received 50 microl of 2% pilocarpine micron emulsion in the conjunctival sac. The aqueous humor was withdrawn at 5, 10, 30, 40, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 min. after instillation. The drug was extracted from aqueous humor with dichloromethane. The drug was analyzed by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Pilocarpine micron emulsion therapy gave higher aqueous humor concentration of the drug than drops at all time periods tested except 5 min. time point (P = 0.0003 - 0.042). The area under curve of micron emulsion was 3 times as much as that of drops. There was a two-fold increase in ocular bioavailability of pilocarpine due to the therapy with micron emulsion. Measurable amounts of drug following 2% micron emulsion were still observed at 360 min. while drug levels at 180 min. following 2% drop therapy were nil. CONCLUSION: Our study results demonstrated significantly increase in ocular bioavailability of pilocarpine due to the therapy with micron emulsion. Our finding indicates that a novel topical preparation of pilocarpine incorporated in micron emulsion might serve as a long acting antiglaucoma agent, and less frequent applications are necessary with it than with conventional drops.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[A study on family aggregation of type 2 diabetes mellitus].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the genetic susceptibility and its relative risk (RR) in the first degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) through family aggregation analysis. METHODS: A population-based case-control study including 654 pedigrees (363 index cases and 291 controls) was carried out. RESULTS: The prevalence rate in the first degree relatives of DM probands was 3.94%, significantly higher than that in the controls (1.09%), with a relative risk of 3.62 (chi(2) = 36.5, P < 0.001). The RRs in different consanguineal relatives were all higher than 3.0. The younger was the probands at diagnosis for DM, the higher its prevalence rates and RRs among their relatives was and the more likelihood that more than one case of DM occurred in them. CONCLUSION: Significant family aggregation and higher genetic susceptibility were found in the first degree relatives of DM, on whom prevention and treatment for DM should be focused.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Association of body size at birth with impaired glucose tolerance during their adulthood for men and women aged 41 to 47 years in Beijing of China].

OBJECTIVE: To explore if there was relationship between small body size at birth and type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during adulthood in China. METHODS: Six hundred and twenty-eight singletons born in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing during July 1948 to the end of 1954 were followed-up and their medical records at birth were abstracted. Anthropometry and standard oral glucose tolerance test were carried out for all of them. Plasma insulin level was measured with radioimmunoassay for them. RESULTS: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes and IGT decreased with the increase in their birth weight, Ponderal index (PI) and head circumference at birth (for trend test, chi(2) = 6.7, P = 0.01; chi(2) = 4.8, P = 0.03; and chi(2) = 5.8, P = 0.02; respectively), with the highest of 43.8% in those with thin body size (PI < 24 kg/m(3)) at birth and obesity (BMI < 75 percentile) during adulthood, and the lowest of 8.3% in those with more fat at birth (PI >or= 28 kg/m(3)) and keeping relatively thin (BMI < 25th percentile) during adulthood. BMI of mothers in their early and late pregnancy correlated reversely with blood glucose levels two hours after sugar load for their children in adulthood. In addition, body weight, PI and head circumference at birth correlated reversely with their plasma insulin levels fasting and two hours after sugar load and levels of 32 -- 33 split pro-insulin during their adulthood. After adjustment for current BMI, lifestyle and economic status, body size at birth mentioned above still associated with their glucose tolerance and level of plasma insulin during adulthood. CONCLUSION: There was relationship between small body size at birth and prevalence of type 2 diabetes and IGT during adulthood. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes and IGT depended on the synergic effect of thin body size at birth and obesity during adulthood.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Studies on male reproductive toxicity caused by hexavalent chromium].

OBJECTIVE: To study male reproductive toxicity caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI +)). METHODS: Morphology of semen and spermatozoa was observed and chromium level in blood, chromium and zinc level in sperm plasma, leuteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in serum were determined for male workers exposed to (Cr(VI +)) (CrO(3)X = 0.0195 mg/m(3)) with occupational epidemiologic investigation and laboratory analysis. RESULTS: For the exposed workers, their seminal counting was (52.21 +/- 45.51) x 10(9)/L, and zinc level in seminal plasma (4,811.85 +/- 1,401.88) micromol/L, significantly lower than those in controls (88.96 +/- 74.82) x 10(9)/L and (5 718.49 +/- 2 827.90) micromol/L, respectively, P < 0.05. Serum FSH was (7.34 +/- 6.88) IU/L in the exposed groups, significantly higher than that of controls (2.41 +/- 1.69) IU/L, P < 0.01. There were no significant difference in semen volume, semen liquefaction time, prevalence of teratospermia, serum Cr(VI +) and LH level in seminal plasma between exposed group and control group (P > 0.05). Prevalence of teratospermia was 0.24 +/- 0.09, and serum LH and FSH were (7.94 +/- 2.67) IU/L and FSH (9.33 +/- 6.47) IU/L, respectively, in workers exposed to high concentration of Cr(VI +) (CrO(3)X = 0.2351 mg/m(3)) significantly higher than those exposed to lower concentration of Cr(VI +) (CrO(3)X = 0.0172 mg/m(3)), with 0.17 +/- 0.06 of prevalence of teratospermia, (5.05 +/- 3.05) IU/L of LH, and (3.74 +/- 3.04) IU/L of FSH, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggested that damage to convoluted seminiferous tubules epithelium, reduction of spermatozoa formation and increase in prevalence of teratospermia could be caused by exposure to certain concentration of Cr(VI +).

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Application of intracoronary ultrasound in directional coronary atherectomy].

Intracoronary ultrasound(ICUS) was successfully applied in 32 patients who accepted directional coronary atherectomy(DCA). After the procedure, the mean internal diameter of coronary artery increased from 1.06 mm to 3.59 mm, and the residual stenosis was < 25%. No severe complications, such as rupture of perforation, occurred. The clinical application of ICUS in DCA may improve the therapeutic effects as well as success rate of DCA, and may minimize the incidence of complications.

Adult↗