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Biomedical subjects

Y Wagatsuma

Publications and source records attributed to Y Wagatsuma.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[A clinical study of fluconazole in the treatment of systemic mycosis associated with immunocompromised children].

Efficacies of fluconazole (FLCZ) were evaluated in 8 cases of systemic mycosis (1 case each of candidemia, candiduria, 4 cases of pulmonary candidiasis, and 2 cases of suspected fungemia) complicated in immunocompromised children. Enrolled in the study were 3 patients with acute leukemia, 1 with malignant lymphoma, 2 with congenital immunodeficiency syndrome, 2 with other disorders. The clinical efficacies were good in 6 out of 7 cases. No side effects were observed. FLCZ is a very good and safe agent for the treatment of systemic mycosis complicated with immunocompromised children.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1994

[A clinical study of severely mental and motor retarded children].

From 1986 to 1992, we examined 73 patients with severely mental and motor retardation. The onset age of 82% of the patients was less than one year. The number of patients was 29 and 54, in 1986 and 1992, respectively. The etiology for 48 patients was congenital or neonatal diseases. All patients were unable to eat by themselves. Tracheotomy was made on ten cases. Eight patients were on home oxygen therapy. Twenty-one patients had the history of mechanical ventilation. Sixty-three patients had the history of hospitalization and their total number of hospitalization was 343. About a half of hospitalizations was for respiratory disturbance. The number of cases with long term hospitalization recently increased. Ten patients died, only one patient died of pneumonia. Unexpected sudden death occurred in three patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of high-dose gammaglobulin on a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome].

We reported an infant case of Guillain-Barré syndrome treated with high-dose gammaglobulin. Gammaglobulin was given at a dose of 1 g/kg/day for 2 consecutive days. Dyspnea disappeared six hours after the start of the infusion. The patient was able to sit 3 days and walk alone 25 days after the end of therapy. Circulating immune complexes were 48 micrograms/ml before the therapy, 95 micrograms/ml and 39 micrograms/ml 10 days and 37 days, respectively, after the therapy.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1993

[A multi-institutional study on the efficacy and toxicity of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in severe infections complicating hematological diseases and cancers in children. Study Group of Infectious Diseases in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology in Hokkaido].

A multi-institutional study was conducted between September 1990 and April 1992 to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in severe infections in cases of granulocytopenia in children with hematological diseases and cancers. A total of 60 episodes of infection were treated with the drug, and an overall efficacy rate of 80% (48/60) was obtained. The efficacy rate in patients who were positive for Endospecy test was 90.0%. A group of patients who had previously received other antibiotics showed an efficacy rate of 79.2%, while the patients who had not received previous antibiotic treatment showed an efficacy rate of 80.6%. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically insignificant, however. Granulocyte counts appeared to have influence on the efficacy of the drug, but the influence was not strong. Three patients had nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea, and 2 other patients showed abnormal liver function test parameters though they recovered soon after the cessation of the drug treatment. From these results, we have concluded that IPM/CS is an effective antibiotic for treatment of severe infections with hematological diseases and cancers in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefditoren pivoxil in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of ME1207].

Cefditoren pivoxil (ME1207) in granules, a new oral cephalosporin, was pharmacokinetically and clinically evaluated in the pediatric field and the following results were obtained: 1. Pharmacokinetics In infants administered single oral doses of 3 mg (potency)/kg and 6 mg/kg, the Cmax was 1.54 +/- 0.68 and 2.85 +/- 1.03 micrograms/ml; Tmax, 2.27 +/- 1.08 and 2.06 +/- 1.16 hours; T 1/2, 2.22 +/- 1.95 and 1.68 +/- 0.66 hours; and AUC (0-infinity), 7.43 +/- 3.68 and 11.90 +/- 4.51 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. These values have indicated that the drug has a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior. Urinary concentrations peaked in 2-4 hours after administration. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were 19.4 +/- 6.6% at 3 mg/kg and 17.1 +/- 5.2% at 6 mg/kg. 2. Clinical results The clinical efficacy of the drug was evaluated in 445 patients with various infections. Cefditoren pivoxil was administered at daily doses of 9-18 mg/kg divided into 3 equal doses to most patients. Daily doses of > 7.5-10.5 mg/kg were given to 48.8% of the patients. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 97.3%, and this drug was effective in 97.5% of the 319 patients for whom the causative pathogens were identified and in 96.8% of the 126 patients with infections for whom the causative pathogens were unknown. The efficacy rate at daily doses of > 7.5-10.5 mg/kg was 97.2%, similar to that obtained at daily doses of > 10.5-19.5 mg/kg (97.0%). The bacteriological eradication rate was 90.4%. The efficacy and eradication rates for 66 patients who had not responded to previous chemotherapy were 95.5% (63/66) and 89.4%, respectively. Side effects occurred in 19 (4.2%) of 456 patients subjected to safety analyses. The primary side effect was diarrhea but no serious side effects were noted. As abnormal laboratory test results, moderate increases of the eosinophils and platelets counts as well as moderate elevations of the transaminases were observed. These abnormalities are also seen with other cephems and to a similar extent. No particular and serious problems were associated with administration of this drug. Based on the above results, cefditoren pivoxil is considered to be very useful at a dose level of 3 mg/kg t.i.d. against most infections encountered in the pediatric field.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Hyper-response of serum IgG1 to Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome.

The hyper-IgE (HIE) syndrome is characterized by high IgE serum levels, chronic dermatitis and recurrent infections. To determine whether an impairment of the antibody response to Staphylococcus aureus contributes to infections in this syndrome we measured total serum IgG subclass, specific IgG1 and IgG2 levels against peptidoglycan (PG), the immunodominant cell wall component of S. aureus and serum opsonic activity to PG. Of the 14 patients with HIE syndrome, nine had increased level of serum IgG1 and six had IgG2 subclass deficiency. In regard to specific response of IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies to PG, patients were divided into five groups related to ages and compared with 10 control subjects for each age cohort. Patients with HIE syndrome had significant high levels of serum-specific IgG1 to PG and significant decreased levels of serum-specific IgG2 to PG in all five groups. Additionally, serum opsonic activity in patients was significantly higher than that in normal control subjects. It is concluded that IgG2 deficiency or poor IgG2 antibody response to S. aureus is not the explanation of the abnormal susceptibility to S. aureus infections of HIE patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with meropenem in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Meropenem].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations in pediatrics were made on meropenem (SM-7338, MEPM), a new parenteral dehydropeptidase-1 stable carbapenem used without any inhibitors, at 33 medical institutions. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetic studies. MEPM at a dose of 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg was administered to 53 children by 30-minute drip infusion. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax's) and plasma half-lives (T1/2's) of these doses were 28.5, 47.2 and 130.0 micrograms/ml, and 0.80, 0.93 and 0.94 hours, respectively. A clear dose response was observed in Cmax's and T1/2 values were quite similar to those observed in adults. In the first 6 hours after administration, 54.4 to 68.1% of the administered drug was recovered in urine. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of MEPM in patients with purulent meningitis were 0.13 microgram/ml at a dose of 6 mg/kg, and 0.64 to 4.22 micrograms/ml at a dose of 29 to 44 mg/kg within day 4 of onset. The penetration rate of MEPM showed an intermediate value among those for other cephalosporin antibiotics. 2. Clinical study. Clinical efficacies of MEPM were evaluated in 389 cases. The most common doses used were 10 to 20 mg/kg/once, 2 to 3 times a day. The maximum dose was 173 mg/kg/day q.i.d. MEPM gave "excellent" or "good" responses in 242 (97.6%) out of 248 cases in which causative organisms were documented and in 134 (95.0%) out of 141 cases in which causative organisms were not identified. Clinical efficacy rates were 100% in 11 patients with purulent meningitis, 85.7% in 7 with septicemia, 98.8% in 173 with pneumonia, and 100% in 65 with UTI. Bacteriologically, 260 strains (96.7%) out of 269 strains were eradicated by MEPM treatment. Eradication rates were 89.2% for Staphylococcus aureus (37 strains) and 100% for Streptococcus pneumoniae (35 strains). The overall eradication rate for Gram-positive bacteria was 94.6%. Among Gram-negative bacteria, 98.3% out of 172 strains were eradicated. The eradication rate of Haemophilus influenzae (73 strains) was 98.6% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11 strains) was 90.9%, and all of Branhamella catarrhalis (15 strains), Escherichia coli (42 strains), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6 strains) were eradicated. Out of 84 cases for which previous antibiotic therapies of 3 days or longer were not successful, MEPM gave "excellent" or "good" responses in 77 cases (91.7%) and excellent bacteriological responses (95.7%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of meropenem in children].

Meropenem (MEPM) was evaluated for its efficacy and safety. The following results were obtained. MEPM was given to 12 patients with infections: 5 with pneumonia, 1 with bacterial meningitis, 2 with pharyngitis, 4 with skin and soft tissue infections. Therapeutic responses were "excellent" in 5, "good" in 4 and "fair" in 3, with an efficacy rate of 75%. Adverse reactions were not noted. No abnormalities were shown in laboratory data. It has been concluded that MEPM is a useful drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefdinir in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Cefdinir].

We studied pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of 5% and 10% fine granules of cefdinir (FK 482, CFDN), a new oral cephalosporin, in the pediatric field and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetics (blood concentration and urinary excretion) Pharmacokinetics of CFDN in 163 children was investigated. Cmax and T 1/2 were 0.92 +/- 0.45 micrograms/ml and 1.95 +/- 1.06 hours, respectively, in the fasting state, and were 0.63 +/- 0.29 micrograms/ml and 2.26 +/- 0.65 hours, respectively, in the non-fasting state, at a dose level of 3 mg (potency)/kg. At a dose level of 6 mg (potency)/kg, Cmax and T 1/2 were 1.29 +/- 0.49 micrograms/ml and 2.11 +/- 1.85 hours, respectively, in the fasting state and were 1.28 +/- 0.48 micrograms/ml and 2.01 +/- 0.84 hours, respectively, in the non-fasting state. Data of Cmax and AUC showed that blood concentration of the drug depended on dose levels. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were 20.5 +/- 8.8% in the fasting state and 14.8 +/- 5.9% in the non-fasting at a dose level of 3 mg (potency)/kg and 16.5 +/- 6.7% and 17.8 +/- 2.4%, respectively, at 6 mg (potency)/kg. 2. Clinical effects Clinical effects of CFDN on various infections were studied in 612 children who were treated with 5% fine granules of CFDN (5% granule group) and in 208 with 10% fine granules of CFDN (10% granule group). CFDN granules were administered mainly at daily doses of 9.0-18.0 mg (potency)/kg in 3 divided portions. Clinical efficacy rates in 428 children of the 5% granule group and in 159 of the 10% granule group from whom causative bacteria were isolated, were 94.9% and 96.2%, respectively. The clinical efficacy rates for patients who were responsive to previous antibiotic therapy were 91.2% in the 5% granule group and 100% in the 10% granule group. Bacteriological eradication rate was 82.1% for 491 strains in the 5% granule group, and was 84.0% for 175 strains in the 10% granule group. The incidences of side effects were 3.9% (24/608) in the 5% fine granule group and 5.8% (12/206) in the 10% granule group. All of the side effects were slight gastrointestinal disorders, and no serious side effects were found. As for clinical laboratory test results, slight elevations of eosinophile, platelet or transaminase were observed. Based on the above results, it is considered that the appropriate dose levels of CFDN for pediatric infections ranged from 9.0 to 18.0 mg (potency)/kg a day, divided into 3 portions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of new system for the detection of IgE antibodies (CAP) in atopic diseases].

An evaluation of a newly developed IgE antibody assay system (CAP) was carried out. There was a clear correlation between IgE antibody titers measured by CAP single and RAST (= 0.642 to 0.979). It turned out that CAP single is more sensitive than RAST and non-specific adsorption of IgE immunoglobulin to the solid phase was assumed to be less in CAP than in RAST. Pathogenic allergens diagnosed either clinically or by in vitro assay systems were compared. The sensitivity and specificity of the CAP system were 94.2% and 87.3%, respectively. CAP multi which binds groups of multiple allergens on the solid phase, was examined for the screening of hypersensitivity to categories of allergens. Statistical sensitivities of CAP multi resided between 63.9% to 86.2%, while the specificities were 98% to 100%, indicating that CAP multi is useful for the exploration of causative allergens. Phadiatop, which fixes multiple inhalant allergens, showed a sensitivity of 89.6%. The specificity of phadiatop was 93.9%, when examined for intrinsic bronchial asthma patients, and 91.2% for normal subjects indicating that phadiatop is more useful than total IgE measurement for the screening of atopic trait.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A mild variant case of maple syrup urine disease].

We reported a mild variant case of maple syrup urine disease. He was unable to walk alone at 2 years of age and developed seizures and intermittent ataxia at 5 years of age. Activity of 1-14C-leucine decarboxylase in fibroblasts revealed 40% of normal activity in the boy and 90% in the mother. MRI showed hypo-myelination of white matter and mild atrophy of brain stem and cerebellum. Dietary treatment was not effective for ataxia and brain atrophy.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefdinir in pediatric field].

Cefdinir (CFDN) was evaluated for its efficacy and safety. The following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetic study: CFDN was evaluated pharmacokinetically in 4 male children aged 9 to 13. CFDN was given orally to 3 children at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Peak plasma levels of 0.71 microgram/ml, 0.78 microgram/ml and 0.45 microgram/ml were attained in the 3 children, respectively, at 4 hours after dosing. Half-lives of CFDN in serum were 1.78 hours, 1.48 hours and 2.23 hours, respectively. The 12-hour urinary recovery rates of CFDN were 17.4%, 28.1% and 6.2%. When CFDN was given orally to the remaining child at a dose of 6 mg/kg, the peak plasma level was attained at 4 hours after dosing with a level of 1.16 micrograms/ml. T 1/2 was 1.78 hours. The 12-hour urinary recovery rate of CFDN was 15.0%. 2. Clinical study: CFDN 5 percent fine granules were given to 26 patients with infections; 2 with pneumonia, 4 with acute bronchitis, 1 with chronic bronchitis, 12 with pharyngitis, 4 with scarlet fever, 1 with otitis media and 2 with skin and soft tissue infections. Therapeutic responses were "excellent" in 15, "good" in 8, "fair" in 1 and "poor" in 2, with an efficacy rate of 88.5%. 3. Adverse reactions: As for adverse reactions, diarrhea was noted in 1 patient. It was concluded that CFDN is a useful drug for the treatment of the bacterial infections in pediatrics.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Regulation of IgE and IgG4 synthesis in patients with hyper IgE syndrome.

In order to investigate the imbalance of IgG subclasses and its relationship to IgE level, 14 patients with hyper IgE syndrome (HIE syndrome) were examined for serum IgG subclasses and IgE levels and five of these patients were studied for in vitro IgE and IgG subclass production by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4)/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Serum IgE levels were highly correlative with serum IgG4 levels (r = 0.75, P less than 0.005), but not with IgG1, IgG2 or IgG3 levels (r = 0.21, 0.43 and 0.41, respectively). In an in vitro study, recombinant IL-4 enhanced not only spontaneous IgE synthesis but also IgG4 synthesis in cultures of PBL from patients with HIE syndrome as well as in healthy donors (P less than 0.01), and the effect of recombinant IL-4 on both IgE and IgG4 synthesis was inhibited by low concentrations of recombinant IFN-gamma (P less than 0.01). The disturbed regulation of IgE and IgG4 seen in patients with hyper IgE syndrome may be caused mainly by the disturbed regulation of both cytokines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A clinical study on cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in pediatric infections].

Clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) dry syrup were carried out in the field of pediatrics, and the results are summarized as follows. 1. Eleven year-old male and 12 year-old female were administered orally at a dose level of 5.6 and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively, after or before meal. Cmax and T1/2 were 5.0 micrograms/ml and 2.13 hours, respectively, for the male and 4.04 micrograms/ml and 1.63 hours, respectively, for the female. 2. Good clinical responses were obtained in 21 of 22 child patients with bacterial pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever and urinary tract infections. One child with Mycoplasma pneumonia did not respond. As to bacteriological effects, eradication of pathogens was observed in 8 out of 11 strains, showing an eradication rate of 72.7%. 3. As to side effect, 1 case of loose stool was observed, but there was no need of discontinuing the drug treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of cefteram pivoxil fine granules in pediatric infections].

Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI), in fine granules, was studied in pediatric infections and the results obtained are summarized below. It is concluded that CFTM-PI fine granule is an effective drug for the treatment of pediatric infections. 1. The pharmacokinetics of CFTM-PI fine granules was studied in 7 patients (5 males, 2 females) whose ages ranged from 9 to 15 years. (1) In 2 patients, administered with the drug at a dose of 3 mg/kg in the fasting state, serum peak concentrations of CFTM at 2 hours after administration were 0.66 and 0.53 micrograms/ml, and T 1/2 were 1.40 and 1.32 hours, respectively. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were relatively low at 5.8 and 10.8%, respectively. (2) In 1 patient, the drug administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg in the fasting state, serum peak concentration of CFTM at 2 hours after administration was 3.0 micrograms/ml, T 1/2 was 2.16 hours, and urinary recovery rate in the first 8 hours was 13.8%. In another 2 patients, CFTM-PI administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg after meal, serum peak concentrations of CFTM at 4 hours after administration were 5.8 and 2.5 micrograms/ml, T 1/2 of the latter was 1.93 hours, and urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were 27.0 and 14.4%, respectively. (3) In yet another 2 patients, CFTM-PI tablets was administered at a dose level of 150 mg after meal. Serum peak concentrations of CFTM were 1.7 and 1.6 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 4 hours after administration, respectively, T 1/2 of the former was 1.38 hours, and urinary recovery rates were 24.1 and 15.5%, respectively. 2. Clinical results CFTM-PI as fine granules was administered to 18 patients, and the following results were obtained. (1) 12 cases (6 males, 6 females) with their ages ranged from 3 months to 12 years were administered with the drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, divided into 3 equal portions. Clinical efficacies were fair in 1 case with bronchopneumonia, good in 3 cases with bronchitis and in 4 cases with tonsillitis/pharyngitis, excellent in 1 and good in another with scarlet fever, and good in 1 and poor in another with urinary tract infection (UTI) (2) Six cases (4 males, 2 females) with their ages were 6 and 7 years were administered with CFTM-PI at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day divided into 3 equal portions. Clinical efficacies were good in 1 case with bronchopneumonia, 2 cases with bronchitis and 3 cases with tonsillitis/pharyngitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Studies on susceptibility of isolated organisms from pediatric infections against various antimicrobial agents].

Twelve oral antimicrobial agents were tested for their antimicrobial activities against causative organisms isolated from pediatric infections. Activities of these antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pyogenes were also examined in relation to T-antigen typing of the species. The results of the investigation are summarized as follows. 1. Against Staphylococcus aureus, rokitamycin (RKM), josamycin, ofloxacin, minocycline exhibited strong antimicrobial activities, and few strains of S. aureus showed resistance to these antimicrobial agents. More strains exhibited resistance to erythromycin (EM) than to other macrolide antibiotics (MLs) examined. Amoxicillin (AMPC)-resistance was often observed also. 2. Against S. pyogenes, beta-lactam antibiotics (beta-lactams) and RKM had MIC80 of 0.20 microgram/ml or below, and no resistant strains of this organism were observed against these antibiotics. Only 2 resistant strains (2.0%) of S. pyogenes to MLs were detected, but resistance to tetracyclines (TCs) was observed at a high frequency, with 71.4% or more strains among T-4, T-6, T-12 and T-28 antigen types exhibited resistance to TCs. Among the 21 strains of T-12 antigen type examined, only one strain (4.8%) was found resistant to MLs. These observations suggested that the reduction in the frequency of ML-resistant strains was not due to the reduction in the number of T-12 antigen type strains but due to losses of resistance factors against MLs of plasmids. 3. Antibacterial activities of beta-lactams and MLs against Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were good, similarly to activities against S. pyogenes. But many strains of S. pneumoniae were resistant to TCs. 4. New quinolone antimicrobial agents (quinolones) showed excellent activities against Branhamella catarrhalis strains with EM and RKM showing the next best activities. The number of resistant strains against quinolones, however, seemed to be on an increase. 5. Quinolones had strong antimicrobial activities against Haemophilus influenzae, few strains of which showed resistance to quinolones. AMPC had the next best activity, but approximately 10% of H. influenzae exhibited resistance to this antibiotic. 6. Against Campylobacter spp., quinolones and MLs showed the best activities with MIC80 values at or below 0.25 microgram/ml, and no resistant strains of the species against these antimicrobial agents were observed. Fosfomycin and TCs showed somewhat inferior activities to quinolones and MLs, with beta-lactams showing still lower activities. 7. Only few strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis were examined, but MLs and TCs appeared to be effective against these organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

[A clinical study of rokitamycin dry syrup in pediatric infections].

A clinical study on rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup was carried out and the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Good clinical responses were achieved with 30-40 mg/kg/day dose of RKM dry syrup. 2. Diagnostically, acute bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia responded better than other diseases examined. 3. The efficacy rate was low in the group of patients complicated by bronchial asthma.

Administration, Oral↗