In-gel digestion with endoproteinase LysC.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Wada
Publications and source records attributed to Y Wada.
Neural substrates participating in acquisition of facial familiarity: an fMRI study.
The amygdala is related to recognition of faces and emotions, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have reported that the amygdala is habituated over time with repetition of facial stimuli. When subjects are presented repeatedly with unfamiliar faces, they come to gradually recognize the unfamiliar faces as familiar. To investigate the brain areas participating in the acquisition of familiarity to repeatedly presented unfamiliar faces, we conducted an fMRI study in 16 healthy subjects. During the task periods, the subjects were instructed to see presented unfamiliar faces repeatedly and to judge whether the face was male or female or whether the face had emotional valences. The experiment consisted of nine sessions. To clarify the brain areas that showed increasing or decreasing activation as the experimental session proceeded, we analyzed the fMRI data using specified linear covariates in the face recognition task from the first session to the ninth session. Imaging data were investigated on a voxel-by-voxel basis for single-group analysis according to the random effect model using Statistical Parametric Mapping. The bilateral posterior cingulate cortices showed significant increases in activity as the experimental sessions proceeded, while the activation in the right amygdala and the left medial fusiform gyrus decreased. Thus, the posterior cingulate cortex may play an important role in the acquisition of facial familiarity.
Adult↗
Allopurinol challenge tests performed before and after living-related donor liver transplantation in citrullinaemia.
We performed allopurinol challenge tests to evaluate the metabolic state of a citrullinaemic patient who received a living-relative donor liver transplant. Before transplantation, large amounts of orotic acid and orotidine were excreted during the challenge test. Following transplantation, excretion of these compounds in response to allopurinol was normalised. The challenge test was a safe and useful method to evaluate the metabolic state of the patient.
Allopurinol↗
Development of 50 gene-associated microsatellite markers using BAC clones and the construction of a linkage map of swine chromosome 4.
The development of informative polymorphic markers is essential for QTL mapping. We developed 50 microsatellite markers from BAC clones containing genes that were predicted to map swine chromosome 4 (SSC4) according to comparative analysis between human and swine chromosomes, and constructed a linkage map that consisted of 37 markers including 24 markers closely linked to genes in BAC clones. Microsatellite markers were developed by direct-sequencing of BAC clones and our results demonstrated that this method was effective for developing microsatellite markers in specific regions on chromosomes. Effective development of microsatellite markers closely linked to genes can further accelerate the comparative studies of chromosomes between different species.
Animals↗
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the kidney with spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases after nephrectomy.
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Adult↗
The growth inhibitory effect of p21 adenovirus on androgen-dependent and -independent human prostate cancer cells.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential of p21 as a gene therapy treatment for prostate cancer, by introducing p21 into both androgen-dependent (AD) and -independent (AI) human prostate cancer cell lines via a recombinant adenoviral vector, Ad5CMV-p21, carrying human p21 cDNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The LNCaP, DU145 and PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines were cultured and infected with Ad5CMV-p21. Cell growth, cell-cycle progression and tumorigenicity were then assessed by thymidine incorporation into cellular DNA, and cell number, flow cytometry, and tumour growth after inoculating the cells into nude mice. RESULTS: Growth was inhibited in Ad5CMV-p21 viral-infected AD and AI prostate cancer cells. The effects were dose-dependent, regardless of the androgen status of the cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis showed that Ad5CMV-p21 arrested cell-cycle progression at G1/S with no appreciable effect on the levels of apoptotic cells. The tumorigenicity of cancer cells infected with Ad5CMV-p21 was greatly reduced in athymic mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Ad5CMV-p21 may be a new therapeutic agent for human prostate cancer gene therapy.
Adenoviridae↗
Regulatory effect of castration on endothelins, their receptors and endothelin-converting enzyme in rat seminal vesicle.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of castration on the expression of endothelins (ETs), ET receptors and ET converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) in the rat seminal vesicle (RSV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old) were surgically castrated or sham-operated, and then killed 7 days after surgery. Biochemical and pharmacological properties and the location of ET receptors in the RSV were determined by a series of binding experiments with [125I]ET-1, using membrane particulates and slide-mounted frozen sections of RSV. Expression levels of ETA and ETB receptor subtypes, ET-1, ET-3 and ECE-1 mRNAs were assessed by relative multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The density of total ET receptors increased significantly in the seminal vesicle of the castrated rat. The predominance of the ETA receptor subtype in the RSV did not change with castration. Autoradiographic studies showed the presence of ET receptors on the smooth muscle and epithelium of the RSV. In addition, RT-PCR showed an up-regulation in the expression of ETA and ETB receptor subtypes, ET-1 and ECE-1 mRNAs in the seminal vesicle of the castrated rat. However, castration caused no significant change in the expression levels of ET-3 mRNA. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a regulatory role for testosterone in the expression of the ET receptor system in the RSV.
Animals↗
Central pontine myelinolysis associated with hypokalaemia in anorexia nervosa.
A 31-year-old man was admitted to hospital with of anorexia, binge eating, and self induced vomiting. On admission, he showed a pronounced low weight and disturbance of the body image and was diagnosed as having anorexia nervosa. In addition, electrolyte abnormalities, mainly hypokalaemia, and increased serum renin and aldosterone concentrations were recorded, suggesting pseudo-Bartter syndrome as a complication. Under frequent monitoring of the serum potassium and sodium concentrations, serum electrolytes were gradually corrected, but brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed reversible central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). Although attention has been mainly paid to the association of CPM with rapid correction of hyponatraemia and abnormal osmolality, this case report strongly suggested the involvement of hypokalaemia in the pathogenesis of CPM.
Adult↗
Abnormal nocturnal blood pressure fall in senile-onset depression with subcortical silent cerebral infarction.
Recent studies have shown that the complication rate of silent cerebral infarction (SCI) in patients with geriatric depression increases with the age at the onset of depression. This study investigated the cardiovascular factors involved in the development of SCI in geriatric depression. Thirty-six patients with geriatric depression were classified according to the age at onset into 16 who developed depression at the age of <50 years (early-onset group) and 20 who developed depression at the age of > or =50 years (late-onset group). The incidence of SCI assessed by subcortical hyperintensity on MRI images, office blood pressure (BP), nocturnal systolic BP fall pattern examined by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, and the severity of carotid atherosclerosis examined by B-mode ultrasonography were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, the association between the presence or absence of SCI and the nocturnal systolic BP fall pattern or the severity of carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated. The SCI complication rate was higher in the late-onset group (55.0%) than in the early-onset group (18.7%). The office BP and mean 24-hour BP did not differ significantly between the two groups. Abnormal nocturnal systolic BP fall patterns were observed in 85.0% (nondipper type showing a fall of <10% in 60.0%, extreme-dipper type showing a fall of > or =20% in 25.0%) in the late-onset group, which was significantly higher than the incidence in the early-onset group (18.7%). No significant difference was observed in any parameter of carotid atherosclerosis between the two groups. In addition, the patients with SCI more frequently showed abnormal nocturnal systolic BP fall patterns than those without SCI. These results suggest that abnormal nocturnal BP fall patterns appear to be involved in the development of SCI in senile-onset depression.
Age of Onset↗
Differential amygdala response during facial recognition in patients with schizophrenia: an fMRI study.
Human lesion or neuroimaging studies suggest that amygdala is involved in facial emotion recognition. Although impairments in recognition of facial and/or emotional expression have been reported in schizophrenia, there are few neuroimaging studies that have examined differential brain activation during facial recognition between patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. To investigate amygdala responses during facial recognition in schizophrenia, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with 12 right-handed medicated patients with schizophrenia and 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The experiment task was a type of emotional intensity judgment task. During the task period, subjects were asked to view happy (or angry/disgusting/sad) and neutral faces simultaneously presented every 3 s and to judge which face was more emotional (positive or negative face discrimination). Imaging data were investigated in voxel-by-voxel basis for single-group analysis and for between-group analysis according to the random effect model using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). No significant difference in task accuracy was found between the schizophrenic and control groups. Positive face discrimination activated the bilateral amygdalae of both controls and schizophrenics, with more prominent activation of the right amygdala shown in the schizophrenic group. Negative face discrimination activated the bilateral amygdalae in the schizophrenic group whereas the right amygdala alone in the control group, although no significant group difference was found. Exaggerated amygdala activation during emotional intensity judgment found in the schizophrenic patients may reflect impaired gating of sensory input containing emotion.
Adolescent↗
Motor neuron disease with dementia combined with degeneration of striatonigral and pallidoluysian systems.
This study concerns an autopsy case of motor neuron disease with dementia (MND-D) that exhibited unusual clinical and neuropathological findings. The patient was a Japanese man without any relevant family history who was 60 years old at the time of death. His clinical manifestation included character change at the age of 54, followed by frozen gait, dysarthria and bradykinesia and he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He gradually developed spastic paresis and died of respiratory failure 6 years after onset of the illness. Neuropathological examinations showed prominent degeneration in the striatonigral and pallidoluysian systems in addition to the neuronal loss and microvacuolation in the second to third layers of the frontal and temporal cortex, the involvement of the upper and lower motor neuron systems and the presence of ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions. To our knowledge, five cases of motor neuron disease (MND) combined with pallido-nigro-luysian atrophy (PNLA) have been reported previously, but the present case is the first report of MND-D combined with the degeneration of the striatonigral and pallidoluysian systems. Such an association may represent more than a coincidental occurrence, and it suggests that MND-D is not simply a disease of the motor neuron system but a multisystem degeneration.
Dementia↗
Male siblings with dyserythropoiesis, microcephaly and intrauterine growth retardation.
Male siblings with intrauterine growth retardation, hydrops, mild liver dysfunction, chronic diarrhoea, failure to thrive and microcephaly are reported. In both patients, the intrauterine growth retardation was detected in the second trimester of pregnancy. Relatively severe early onset neonatal jaundice, microcytosis, anisocytosis and abnormal iron metabolism were also seen. Bone marrow examination in the second sibling showed marked ringed sideroblasts and multilobulated erythroblasts in late developmental stages. The brain was very small with enlarged cerebrospinal fluid space, a reduced number of gyri and a thin cortex. The clinical and laboratory findings in these patients appear to be unique.
Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital↗
Deterioration of long-term clinical results after the Elmslie-Trillat procedure for dislocation of the patella.
We examined 39 patients (45 knees) who had undergone an Elmslie-Trillat procedure for recurrent or habitual dislocation of the patella with a follow-up of more than ten years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 18.4 years; the mean follow-up was 161 months (120 to 238). Using Fulkerson's functional knee score, 41 knees (91%) had an excellent or good result at a mean follow-up of 45 months, and this was maintained in 29 (64%) at the final review. The main cause of deterioration in the clinical results was the onset or worsening of patellofemoral joint pain, not patellar instability.
Adolescent↗
Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor-1 in cardiac myxoma.
BACKGROUND: To clarify the significance of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in angiogenesis or proliferative activity in cardiac myxoma, the expression of bFGF and its receptor (FGFR-1) were immunohistochemically examined. METHODS: Formalin-embedded tissues of cardiac myxomas were obtained by surgical resection from 15 patients and analyzed by immunostaining of bFGF and FGFR-1. The microvessel density was measured in the 15 myxomas using platelet derived endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1. For evaluation of proliferative activity of the cardiac myxomas, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining was performed, and the PCNA labeling index was measured in each section. RESULTS: bFGF and FGFR-1 were observed in 73.3% and 67.7% of the myxomas, respectively. There was a close correlation between the expression of bFGF and FGFR-1. This co-expression was frequently observed in the myxoma cells around the microvessels appearing as a ring structure. Regarding possible relationships between the expression of bFGF or FGFR-1 and the clinicopathologic features, there were no parameters excluding the macroscopic type of myxoma. The microvessel density in the myxomas with bFGF or FGFR-1 expression was higher than that in myxomas without it. The PCNA labeling index in myxomas with bFGF expression was higher than that in myxomas without it, and the PCNA labeling index tended to be higher in myxomas with FGFR-1 expression than that in myxomas without it. CONCLUSIONS: bFGF and/or FGFR-1 was expressed in some of cardiac myxoma, and may be an important role for tumor angiogenesis and proliferative activity.
Aged↗
Shock wave application to rat skin induces degeneration and reinnervation of sensory nerve fibres.
There have been several reports on the use of extracorporeal shock waves in the treatment of pseudarthrosis, calcifying tendinitis, and tendinopathies of the elbow. However, the pathomechanism of pain relief has not been clarified. To investigate the analgesic properties of shock wave application, we analyzed whether it produces morphologic changes in cutaneous nerve fibres. In normal rat skin, the epidermis is heavily innervated by nerve fibres immunoreactive for protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 and by some fibres immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). There was nearly complete degeneration of epidermal nerve fibres in the shock wave-treated skin, as indicated by the loss of immunoreactivity for PGP 9.5 or CGRP. Reinnervation of the epidermis occurred 2 weeks after treatment. These data show that relief of pain after shock wave application to the skin results from rapid degeneration of the intracutaneous nerve fibres.
Animals↗
Quantitative evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging of deep white matter hyperintensity in geriatric patients by multifractal analysis.
Fractal analysis has played an important role in various fields such as physics, biology and medicine. Recently, multifractal analysis based on generalized concepts of fractals has been applied to biological tissues composed of complex structures. Deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more often observed in patients with geriatric depression than in healthy elderly subjects, and its clinical significance is receiving attention. We applied multifractal analysis to white matter images on brain T2-weighted MRI in 62 patients with geriatric depression (50-75 years). The local fractal dimensions, alpha(max) and alpha(min), which serve as indices of complexity, and their difference, alpha(max) - alpha(min), were closely correlated with the macroscopic grading according to Fazekas classification, suggesting that multifractal analysis is useful for quantitative evaluation of DWMH on MRI.
Aged↗
cis Element decoy against nuclear factor-kappaB attenuates development of experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats.
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) plays a significant role in the coordinated transactivation of cytokine, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and adhesion molecule genes. Although inflammation is an essential pathological feature of myocarditis, the role of NFkappaB in this process remains obscure. We examined the role of NFkappaB in the progression of rat experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) and tested the hypothesis that NFkappaB blockade with a decoy against the cis element of NFkappaB can prevent the progression of EAM. Lewis rats were immunized with purified porcine cardiac myosin to establish EAM on day 0. NFkappaB decoy was infused into the rat coronary artery on day 0 (group NF0), 7 (group NF7), or 14 (group NF14) and harvested on day 21. Scrambled decoy was infused on day 0 (group SD0), 7 (group SD7), or 14 (group SD14) and served for control groups. The ratios of myocarditis-affected areas to the ventricular cross-sectional area of all treatment groups were significantly lower than those of the control groups (group NF0, 33+/-18% versus SD0, 53+/-14%; group NF7, 19+/-15% versus SD7, 50+/-16%; and group NF14, 34+/-10% versus SD14, 52+/-14%). Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses showed expression of ICAM-1, iNOS, IL-2, and TNFalpha in myocardium of scrambled decoy groups, and this expression was effectively suppressed by NFkappaB decoy treatment. Thus, we found that NFkappaB is a key regulator in the progression of EAM and that in vivo transfection of NFkappaB decoy reduces the severity of EAM.
Animals↗
Serial MRI and (1)H-MRS of Wernicke's encephalopathy: report of a case with remarkable cerebellar lesions on MRI.
Before and after the administration of thiamine (vitamin B(1)), MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) were serially performed in a patient with Wernicke's encephalopathy demonstrating remarkable cerebellar lesions on MRI. Before thiamine administration, high signal intensities were observed in the thalamus around the third ventricle and in the superior portion of the cerebellar vermis and hemisphere on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2-weighted MR images. After thiamine administration, the high signal intensity in the former region disappeared immediately, while that in the latter regions persisted. The low level of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) in the thalamus before thiamine administration improved to some degree on the (1)[H]-MRS images taken after thiamine administration. In the cerebellum, a lactate peak was observed before thiamine administration, and the NAA/Cr level did not improve after thiamine administration, suggesting that irreversible necrosis occurred. It is suggested that serial MRI/(1)H-MRS observation may be helpful in determining the neuronal viability of Wernicke's encephalopathy and the prognostic implications of sequelae such as Korsakoff's syndrome and cerebellar ataxia.
Aged↗