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Biomedical subjects

Y Urano

Publications and source records attributed to Y Urano.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Histopathologic studies on myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) induced leukemias and hemangiosarcoma in Jar-2 rats.

It is well known that MPSV induces myeloproliferative syndrome (MPS) in mice. Intravenous one shot inoculation of myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) with Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) as a helper in newborn Jar-2 rats (on the second neonatal day) yielded hematopoietic malignancies in all the treated rats (25/25 rats) after 2 weeks' latency. MPS appeared from the 14th day in 14 rats. In the midst of the myeloproliferative field of the spleen and bone marrow, myeloblastic or myeloblastic-erythroblastic foci were observed. From 19th day, acute myeloblastic leukemia occurred in 3 rats and erythroleukemia in 8 rats. MPSV induced first MPS which remained as such or later developed into acute leukemia. Myelofibrosis as seen in mice was not observed. In addition, hemangiosarcoma of the brain, spinal cord and spleen appeared in 15 rats from the 24th day, and were often multiple. MPSV can yield the tumor only in newborn rats, and target cells of MPSV are not only hematopoietic cells but also endothelial cells of the brain, spinal cord and occasionally spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Rhabdomyosarcoma with bone marrow metastasis simulating acute leukemia. Report of two cases.

Rhabdomyosarcoma manifested as a systemic disease is very rare and cases showing diffuse metastasis in the bone marrow are most unusual. Recently we encountered two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma with diffuse bone marrow metastasis which were clinically manifested as acute leukemia. The first patient was a 15-year-old female, who was admitted in 1982 with pancytopenia and many large primitive cells in bone marrow aspirates, hematological malignancy being diagnosed. Thereafter the bilateral breasts showed rapid swelling and a biopsy specimen revealed the histological features of typical alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The primary site of the neoplasm remained undetermined during the course. At autopsy, it was disclosed that the neoplasm originated from the left thigh and showed generalized metastasis. The second patient was a 38-year-old man, who was admitted in 1986 because of a nasal polyp obstructing the nasal cavity, and persistent nasal bleeding. Peripheral blood samples showed leukoerythroblastosis and thrombocytopenia, and large primitive cells were found in bone marrow aspirates, so that hematological malignancy was initially diagnosed. A biopsy specimen of the nasal polyp showed proliferation of large round cells and electron microscopy demonstrated the ultrastructural features of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Changing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan.

A trend in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan was studied from the data of the Osaka Cancer Registry (population, 8,512,351 in 1981) for the period of 1963-1983, the Vital Statistics of Japan, Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the Japan Autopsy Registry which contained 594,132 individually filed cases in the 26-year period from 1958 to 1983. Both cancer registry data and autopsy records showed a more than 2-fold increase in HCC incidence, particularly in the last 10 years or so, among males and a less pronounced increase in females. The same trend was borne out by the cancer registries of Nagasaki City and Miyagi Prefecture and the Vital Statistics. When studied with the autopsy data, it was found that the numbers of autopsies for cirrhosis without HCC and autopsies for HCC (with and without cirrhosis) were about the same in 1958-1961 and that currently (1980-1983) the latter is about 2 times the former. As one of the possible causes of increase in HCC incidence other than prolonged survival of patients with cirrhosis, chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Statistical analysis of the surgical materials of stomach cancer in Japan.

Two thousand three hundred seventy gastric cancers from 2173 patients for which surgical resections were performed at the Tokyo University Hospital from 1967 to 1985, were analyzed. Cancers were classified into diffuse adenocarcinomas, intestinal adenocarcinomas, and an unclassified group. The proportional rate of the intestinal type was higher in the old than in the young, and higher in men than in women. The reverse was true of the diffuse type. The intestinal-diffuse ratio had increased recently, especially in patients with early cancers and in patients in their 50s and 60s, which suggested the efficacy of early screening methods for gastric cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

An autopsy study of lung cancer in University of Tokyo for the last 27 years, from 1958 to 1984, with special reference to the characteristics of lung cancer in Japan.

Four hundred and sixty-five male and 159 female consecutive autopsy cases of lung cancer, autopsied over the 27 years from 1958 to 1984, were analysed and were compared with other materials and mortality statistics, including statistics from other countries. Malignant tumor autopsy cases are gradually increasing and now comprise more than 60% of total autopsy cases. The percentage of lung cancer cases among all autopsy cases was 7% in males and 4% in females. The percentage of lung cancer in autopsies of patients with malignancies was about 13% for males and 9% for females. The most frequent fatal malignant tumors were gastric cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia. The relative incidence of gastric cancer was decreasing, while that of lung cancer was increasing. In the distribution of the histological types of lung cancer, adenocarcinomas were the most frequent types in both sexes. As has been noted in mortality statistics, we noticed a gradual shift in the peak age of lung cancer autopsy cases towards older patients. During the period under study, the peak shifted from patients in their sixties to patient in their seventies; this was true for most of the major histological types in both sexes. The male/female ratio of all lung cancer cases was 2.9, which was much lower than the ratio found in the United States and Europe, and very similar to the ratio of the mortality rates in Japan and other Asian countries. It was pointed out that the male/female ratios by age-group in each country is a very good reflection of the histological distribution.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Trend of lung cancers in the National Cancer Center of Japan and comparison with that of Japanese pathological autopsy records.

Trends in the histologic types of lung cancers during 1966-1985 by 5-year intervals were analyzed by using 4,419 cases in the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. Histologically confirmed cases increased to 76.6% in the last 5-year interval. The proportions of histological types in males have remained relatively unchanged; about 40% squamous cell carcinoma, one-third adenocarcinoma, and about 10% each of large cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and other types. In females, an increase of adenocarcinoma from 52% to 69.1% and a decrease of squamous cell carcinoma from 21% to 11.4% were noteworthy, and the other three types amounted to less than 10% each. These trends were compared with those obtained from the Annals of Pathological Autopsy Records in Japan during 1974-1983, which contained 26,844 lung cancer cases; the results were similar except for an increase of small cell carcinoma. The recent increase of small cell carcinoma was considered to be due to a change in diagnostic categorization, associated with a decreased rate of undifferentiated carcinoma. However, the increase of small cell carcinoma as well as adenocarcinoma in younger patients requires further study from both demographic and etiological viewpoints.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Recent trends in different histological types of lung cancer in Tokyo based on pathological autopsy records.

The recently increasing trend of lung cancer mortality in Japan was qualitatively analyzed. As the percentages of cases undergoing pathological autopsies in Tokyo were thirty for males and twenty-six for females during the period from 1979 to 1983, the histologically classified death rates in Tokyo could be estimated by combining the reported cases of death from lung cancer with the proportion of these of known histological type. The results indicated an increase in adenocarcinoma, and a decrease in squamous-cell carcinoma, except for the older age-group of men. The latter result suggested that the results were affected by the decreasing proportion of smokers and by the improvement in cigarette quality. The increase in small-cell and large-cell carcinoma, and the decrease in undifferentiated carcinomas, could be explained by problems associated with differing diagnostic standards. However, when these three different types of carcinoma were considered as a single type, the death rate was shown to be increased except in younger age-groups of women.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

The human albumin gene. Characterization of the 5' and 3' flanking regions and the polymorphic gene transcripts.

We have characterized the 5' and 3' regions of the human albumin gene with respect to nucleotide sequences, mRNA transcription initiation and polyadenylation. There are at least two transcription initiation sites and two polyadenylation sites in the human albumin gene. The multiple transcription initiation sites are utilized almost equally. The two polyadenylation sites are used differentially, with the site proximal to the protein termination codon dominating. The "TATA" and the "CCAAT" boxes are present at about 30 and 90 nucleotides upstream of the putative cap sites. About 250 nucleotides immediately 5' to the transcription initiation sites are highly conserved among the human, rat, and chicken. Within the 1-kilobase pair 5' flanking region of the human albumin gene there are 8- and 35-base pair alternating purine/pyrimidine sequences, primarily consisting of dG and dT, and three nucleotide segments exhibiting homology to the proposed progesterone receptor-binding site. In these and other characteristics, the 5' flanking region of the human albumin gene is distinct from the corresponding region of the human alpha-fetoprotein gene. Each of the two polyadenylation sites of the human albumin gene is preceded by a AATAAA hexamer. In addition, the first polyadenylation site has several conserved sequences believed to play a role in the 3'-end formation. The second polyadenylation site lacks these signals which may explain why it is used less frequently. In spite of these differences the two polyadenylation sites show a high overall sequence similarity, suggesting that they arose by duplication. There is no major difference between the normal liver and hepatoma cells in the relative utilization of multiple sites for transcriptional initiation and polyadenylation of the human albumin gene, suggesting that the albumin mRNA polymorphism has no direct relevance to hepatocarcinogenesis.

Albumins↗
PubMed1986

Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the first metatarsal sesamoid.

Four patients with histologically confirmed osteonecrosis of the first metatarsal sesamoid are presented. No patient was an athlete, nor recalled any noticeable trauma or significant stress as having occurred to the feet. No foot deformities or joint malalignments were found. Excellent results were obtained by excision of the affected sesamoid in all patients, after follow-up periods of 1 to 12 years. Microscopic findings were compatible with those seen in idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Spinocerebellar degeneration with prominent involvement of the motor neuron system: autopsy report of a sporadic case.

A sporadic case of spinocerebellar degeneration with prominent involvement of the motor neuron system is reported. A Japanese male without contributing family history, developed cerebellar ataxia at the age of 52, followed by generalized amyotrophy and ophthalmoplegia, and died aged 58. The clinical findings were pathologically verified as degeneration of the spino-ponto-cerebellar system and the motor neuron system, the latter almost identical to those of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additional subclinical changes were found in the dentate nucleus and substantia nigra. Brain-stem nuclei subserving eye movements were well preserved, suggesting a supranuclear basis for the ophthalmoplegia. This unusual combination of system degenerations has on rare occasions been reported in the heredofamilial cerebellar disorders. As a sporadic case, however, this may be the first autopsy case of spinocerebellar degeneration with severe concurrent involvement of the motor neuron system.

Autolysis↗
PubMed1986

Renal cell carcinoma originating from dysplastic kidney.

A case of renal cell carcinoma developing from a unilateral dysplastic kidney is presented. The patient was a 33-year-old woman who had lumbago one year and a half prior to death. Multiple abnormal uptakes of 67Ga were seen by scintigraphy. Bone marrow biopsy indicated adenocarcinoma but the primary site was unknown despite extensive examination. At autopsy the carcinoma was wide-spread but no obvious primary-appearing lesion was detected in all the organs except the left kidney. Incidentally the patient had unilateral (left) renal dysplasia. An elaborate study revealed the primary site of the carcinoma within the cystic structure of the dysplastic kidney. This tumor showed reactivity with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin associated antigen (DBA-Ag), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and peanut agglutinin (PNA) which have reactivity with renal tubules.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A case report of mixed mesodermal tumor of the uterine cervix (mixed, heterologous and homologous sarcoma of the uterine cervix).

A case of mixed sarcoma of the uterine cervix in a 17-year-old girl is reported. The tumor showed polypoid features resembling sarcoma botryoides, and was histologically composed of chondrosarcoma as a heterologous element and stromal sarcoma as a homologous one. Leiomyosarcoma was also found in the tumor, but striated rhabdomyoblasts were not present. No epithelial component was detected. After a total hysterectomy, the patient was given chemotherapy and is in good condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Behçet's disease with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Apropos of a case. Review of cases autopsied in Japan and of the literature].

A case of Behçet's disease with Budd-Chiari's syndrome in 31-year-old japanese is reported. In the Annuals of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan from 1974 to 1983, 122 autopsy cases of Behçet's disease were recorded. Among them, 4 cases showed Budd-Chiari's syndrome including our case. This manifestation in Behçet's disease will not be incidental but a disease process of vascular type, itself. Although the autopsy rate of all the death in Japan is 4.4%, in the last 10 years (1974-1983), that of Behçet's disease is 14.2% (1976-1983). So our data from the autopsy series of all over Japan will show the pathologic lesions of the fatal cases and statistically be significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Statistical studies on metastasis of breast cancer and cancer metastasis to the breast].

Metastasis of breast cancer is examined by the database of the Annuals of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan from 1981 to 1983. Breast cancer metastases to the lungs (70.3%), liver (58.4%), bone marrow (53.1%), pleura (29.0%), adrenals (27.9%), skin-subcutaneous tissue (19.7%), brain (14.3%) are frequent in decreasing order. Bone marrow, adrenals, ovaries (11.5%) and thyroid gland (11.1%) are more likely invaded by breast cancer than others. After menopause, the metastases become less frequent than before, especially after 65 years. Breast cancer is one of the highly widespread metastatic cancers, such as malignant melanoma, neuroblastoma, leukemia and malignant lymphoma. On the contrary, cancers metastatic to the breasts are rare (less than 1%). There is no special cancer metastatic to the breast.

Adult↗