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Biomedical subjects

Y Ueda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ueda.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Estimation of passive smoking during pregnancy by cotinine measurement and its effect on fetal growth].

Maternal cigarette smoking has been associated with some complications of pregnancy, including low birth weight and increased morbidity. Recently, it has been reported that maternal passive smoking also affects the fetal environment and causes fetal growth disturbance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of maternal passive smoking on pregnant women and their fetuses by measuring cotinine concentrations in maternal urine and umbilical cord blood. The results were as follows: 1) Among 259 pregnant women, 17 cases (6.6%) were active smokers. The women who were not aware of passive smoking at all, were only 39 cases (15.1%). More than 80% of the pregnant women smoked either passively or actively each day. 2) Cotinine concentrations in both maternal urine and umbilical cord blood increased with the increase in passive smoking. Those in maternal serum, however, did not correlate with the increase in passive smoking. 3) The relative birth weight (R.B.W.) of the newborn infants delivered by the mothers whose cotinine concentration was more than 9.0ng/ml (This value represented the mean +1.5SD of the cotinine concentration in the urine from the mother who did not passively or actively smoke) was significantly lower than that of the mothers whose cotinine concentration was less than 9.0ng/ml. It is concluded that the measurement of the cotinine concentration in maternal urine or umbilical cord blood is very useful in estimating the effects of passive smoking on pregnant women. And passive smoking as well as active smoking also has a harmful effect on the fetal growth mechanism.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1989

[A cases of isoniazid-induced lupus].

A case of isoniazid (INH)-induced lupus occurring in a 62-year-old man is presented. He visited our hospital in May 1986 and a cavitary lesion was found in the right upper lobe on a chest roentgenogram. He had no previous history of treatment with antituberculotic agents. Though acid-fast bacilli were not found in his sputum, pulmonary tuberculosis was strongly suspected and INH, rifampicin and ethanbutol were administered. Four days after starting the treatment, minimal left pleural effusion was seen on chest X-ray film. Three months later he began to complain polyarthralgia in his digital joints. In a pleural effusion many lymphocytes were found; and the antinuclear antibody (ANA), the anti-extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) antibody, and the RNase resistant anti-ENA antibody were positive, and their titres were 20x, 1000x and 1000x, respectively, and the immune complex (IC) was 16.0 micrograms/ml (LT5). In blood serum, the ANA test the anti-ENA antibody and the RNase resistant anti-ENA antibody were positive with titres 40x, 640x and 640x respectively; and the IC was 14.0 micrograms/ml, and the RA test was positive. The improvement of clinical findings and disappearance of auto-antibodies seen after stopping INH confirmed the diagnosis as INH-induced lupus.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1989

[A case of esophageal carcinoma complicated by Crohn's disease].

A case of an esophageal cancer complicated by Crohn's disease is reported. A 76-year-old female was admitted to the Nara National Hospital with symptoms of melena and dysphagia. An esophageal X-ray study revealed a circular, stenotic lesion at the lower intra-thoracic esophagus. Histological examination of a specimen confirmed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. A barium enema was then given which showed an irregular stenotic lesion, 28 cm in length, at the terminus of the ileum. Thus, an esophageal blind resection and a resection of the terminal portion of the ileum was jointly performed. A histological examination of the resected ileum confirmed Crohn's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Studies on the effects of placental lactogen on calcium metabolism during pregnancy].

In order to clarify the dynamics in maternal calcium metabolism during pregnancy, serum concentrations of ionized calcium, calcium regulating hormones and intestinal calcium absorption were measured in pregnant and hypophysectomized(HX) rats. Serum concentrations of ionized calcium decreased significantly late in pregnancy. Serum levels of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 (D3) increased late in pregnancy, however, those of parathyroid hormone (PTH) increased not significantly throughout pregnancy. Serum levels of calcitonin(CT) and intestinal calcium absorption increased as pregnancy progressed. Administration of human placental lactogen(hPL), bovine growth hormone(bGH) and ovine prolactin(oPRL) to the HX-rats remarkably enhanced intestinal calcium absorption. Serum concentrations of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 significantly increased by administration of bGH and hPL to the HX-rats, but they did not increase significantly by oPRL administration. These data suggest that 1) maternal intestinal calcium absorption might be increased by the action of increased serum 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and the maternal bone might be kept at the same density throughout pregnancy because serum CT protects the maternal skeleton by resisting the bone-resorption activities of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3; and 2) placental lactogen may play an important role on the increase of intestinal calcium absorption by stimulating the production of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 during pregnancy. From these results, it is considered that these alterations of calcium metabolism in the maternal side are the rational responses to supply Ca to the fetus and newborn for keeping their calcium homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Studies on the roles of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/somatomedin C (SMC) during pregnancy].

Studies in human as well as animal experiments have proved that IGF-1/SMC, which shows mitogenic activities in a wide variety of cell types, stimulates growth in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of IGF-1/SMC on fetal growth during pregnancy by measuring IGF-1/SMC, insulin, C-peptide, human placental lactogen (hPL), and GH and PRL concentrations in maternal and fetal plasma, and by clarifying the changes of IGF receptor in human fetal liver microsomal membranes during pregnancy. Maternal plasma IGF-1/SMC concentrations were not distinguishable from those of nonpregnant women (9.2 +/- 1.7 nmol/l) in the 1st and 2nd trimester of gestation; however, they showed a gradual increase after the 30th week of gestation, reaching 12.7 +/- 5.4 at term. They possessed a significant positive correlation with hPL (r = 0.45, p less than 0.05) and PRL (r = 0.38, p less than 0.05) but not with GH (r = 0.39, NS). On the other hand, IGF-1/SMC in cord plasma could be first detected in the 30th week of gestation, and it increased gradually until term but had no significant correlation with that in maternal plasma. Furthermore, it possessed an intimate correlation with C-peptide (r = 0.30, p less than 0.05) but not with GH or PRL. Additionally, IGF-1/SMC in cord plasma had a positive correlation with birth weight (r = 0.60, p less than 0.005). On the other hand, specific binding of 125I-IGF-1 and -II to liver microsomal membranes which was also displaced by nonlabeled insulin could be detected in human fetuses at various gestational ages. Scatchard analyses indicated that the binding affinity, which was 0.14 +/- 0.05(x 10(9)M-1) in the fetal liver before the 19th week of gestation, increased after the 19th week of gestation (0.58 +/- 0.12); conversely, the binding capacity was lower after the 19th week of gestation (0.15 +/- 0.08 x 10(-12) moles/mg protein) compared with that before the 19th week (0.51 +/- 0.25). These results suggest that (1) plasma IGF-1/SMC might be produced in fetal sites and its regulating mechanism is different from that in maternal sites, and that (2) IGFs might play an important role in human fetal growth and development by its affect via IGF or insulin receptors on the human fetal liver.

C-Peptide↗
PubMed1988

Fast protein liquid chromatography of lymphocyte blastogenesis inhibitory factor produced by the human macrophage-like cell line U937.

The human macrophage-like cell line U937 constitutively produces a lymphocyte blastogenesis inhibitory factor (LBIF). Using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC)-chromatofocusing, FPLC-anion-exchange chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography-gel permeation chromatography, LBIF has been purified to homogeneity. It is a single polypeptide chain and has a molecular weight of 57,000 daltons according to sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. LBIF shows pI 4.28-4.56 upon chromatofocusing on Mono P.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[A study on bone density in women during pregnancy and postpartum].

Although 25-30 grams of calcium is transported into the fetus during pregnancy, it is suggested that the maternal bone might be kept at the same density as in non-pregnant women by measuring serum or urinary calcium concentrations and calcium regulating hormones simultaneously (Ohara et al. Folia Endocrinol., 1986). In this study, the influence of pregnancy on the maternal bone was investigated by measuring the degree of bone density in the second metacarpal bone of pregnant or puerperal women in an X-ray picture using a microdensitometer and a computer (Microdensitometry method; MD method, Inoue et al., 1983). Among six indices provided by this method, d (bone marrow width) tended to increase, but MCI (Barnett's metacarpal index) tended to decrease toward late pregnancy. GSmin, GSmax and sigma GS/D were significantly lower in the third trimester of pregnancy than in the second trimester of pregnancy. The densitometric patterns were A in most of the pregnant and puerperal women, but one case with the pattern of AB and two cases with the pattern of B were found in the third trimester of pregnancy. The sum of the scores of the six indices, which were based on the severity of each index, was within 0-3 in pregnant or puerperal women though it tended to increase as pregnancy progressed. From these results, it was confirmed that maternal bone density was maintained within the normal limits throughout pregnancy and postpartum.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1988

Increase in nucleolytic activity of ribonuclease T1 by substitution of tryptophan 45 for tyrosine 45.

The preparation and analysis of a mutant ribonuclease (RNase) T1 which possesses higher nucleolytic activity than the wild-type enzyme are described. The gene for the mutant RNase T1 (Tyr45----Trp45), in which a single amino acid at the binding site of the guanine base has been changed, was constructed by the cassette mutangenesis method using a chemically synthesized gene [Ikehara, M. et al. (1986) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83, 4695-4699]. In order to reduce the nucleolytic activity of the enzyme in vivo, this gene was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fused protein connected through methionine residues to other proteins at both the N- and C-termini. After liberation from the fused protein by cleavage with cyanogen bromide at the methionine junctions, the mutant RNase T1 was purified by column chromatography. The nucleolytic activity toward pGpC increased to 120% of that of wild-type RNase T1. The kinetic parameters of the mutant enzyme demonstrate that this higher nucleolytic activity is due to a higher affinity for the substrate, probably because of an increased stacking effect in the binding pocket for the guanine base. This mutant enzyme also possessed a higher nucleolytic activity against pApC than wild-type RNase T1.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

B cell hyperactivity and its relation to distinct clinical features and the degree of disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Peripheral blood B cells that were actively proliferating, those actively secreting immunoglobulin, and those expressing an early activation marker, Ba antigens, on the surfaces were quantitated in 25 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B cell hyperactivity was found in almost all of the SLE patients, as demonstrated by any one of these measures of B cell activity. Moreover, we observed a strong positive correlation between the degree of disease activity and the amount of spontaneous incorporation of 3H-thymidine by B cells; the magnitude of the increase in frequency of spontaneous Ig-secreting cells in peripheral blood correlated strikingly with certain clinical features in these patients. Our findings suggest that there is heterogeneity of B cell hyperactivity in individual patients with SLE and, thus, that clinical subsets of SLE can be identified on the basis of B cell hyperactivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Peritoneovenous shunting for intractable cirrhotic and cancerous ascites using different types of shunting tubes.

A total of twenty six peritoneovenous shuntings were performed in our department between 1978 and 1984, on twelve cirrhotic and ten cancerous patients with intractable ascites, using Pudenz, LeVeen or Denver type shunting tubes. Reduced ascites was noted postoperatively with statistical significance in both the cirrhotic group (p less than 0.05) and the cancerous group (p less than 0.01), of whom eight cirrhotic and seven cancerous patients exhibited an abdominal girth reduced by 9.7 cm (a 10.9 per cent reduction) in two weeks. A larger urinary output was noted in 13 patients, with a mean increase of 587 ml/day compared with the pre-shunting output. These patients lost a mean weight of 6.13 kg in two weeks, while the nonreduced ascites group gained weight. The post-shunting serum albumin level was higher in the reduced ascites group. The mean functioning periods of the shunts were 5.1 and 2 months, respectively for the cirrhotic and cancerous patients whose shunts were patent. The patients' outcome was shown to depend on the disease itself, with the exception of one patient who died of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy following shunting. In comparing several types of shunting systems, the Denver-type was proven as being the most unlikely to plug or malfunction because of its simpler structure.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical studies on the tissue localization of collagen types I, III, IV, V and VI in schwannomas. Correlation with ultrastructural features of the extracellular matrix.

The distinctive tissue localization of collagen types in typical schwannomas with Antoni type A and B areas was demonstrated immunohistochemically using affinity-purified antibodies against types I, III, IV, V and VI collagen and comparative ultrastructural studies were made on the extracellular matrix components. Antoni type A tissue, which was composed of tightly packed spindle cells with long cytoplasmic processes surrounded by a continuous basement membrane and a few fibrillar components of the extracellular matrix, was almost exclusively immunoreactive for type IV collagen, presumably representing the basement membrane. Verocay bodies, which are organoid structures of Antoni type A tissue, had a variety of more abundant extracellular fibrous components, such as banded collagen fibrils, fibrous long-spacing fibrils and microfibrils. These were positive for type I and III, as well as type IV collagen. In Antoni type B areas, where two types to tumor cells designated Schwann cell-like and fibroblast-like were scattered in large amounts of amorphous extracellular matrix containing microfibrils and thick banded collagen fibrils, type VI collagen as well as types I, III and IV collagen were consistently detected. Type V collagen was localized in dense fibrous tissue areas and around blood vessels. These findings indicate that the differently organized cellular patterns of schwannomas, identified as Antoni types A and B, are characterized not only by the ultrastructural features of the extracellular matrix, but also by the distinctive collagen types produced by neoplastic Schwann cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Mitral valve replacement with preservation of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles.

An operative technique for mitral valve replacement (MVR) with preservation of the chordae tendineae to the anterior leaflet as well as the posterior leaflet is reported. This technique consists of the division of the anterior leaflet into anterior and posterior segments, the shifting and reattachment of the divided segments to the mitral ring of the respective commissural areas, and the use of a low-profile bileaflet prosthetic valve. A comparison of left ventricular function data between patients having operation with this technique and those having operation with the conventional method of MVR revealed significantly better improvement in cardiac index (p less than 0.06), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (p less than 0.05), and left ventricular ejection fraction (p less than 0.10) in the former group. Left ventricular wall motion improved in the anterolateral (p less than 0.01) and apical areas (p less than 0.02) in patients operated on with our technique. Maintenance of continuity between the mitral annulus and papillary muscles is expected to have a beneficial effect on postoperative left ventricular performance in spite of increased afterload.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Intractable hemolysis caused by perivalvular leakage following mitral valve replacement with St. Jude Medical prosthesis.

Nine patients with intractable hemolysis caused by perivalvular leakage following mitral valve replacement with a St. Jude Medical prosthesis are presented. All patients had dark-colored hemoglobinuria, which appeared from 1 day to 44 days after the operation, with moderate or severe hepatorenal insufficiency. One patient died of multiorgan failure. The other 8 patients underwent reoperation, and all survived. Reoperation revealed that all leakages were tiny and had no adverse effect on hemodynamics. In all the patients having reoperation, hemoglobinuria disappeared immediately after the procedure. Surface-scanning electron microscopy of the sewing cuff of the St. Jude Medical prosthesis revealed the rough surface structure of the sewing ring. Because of this irregular, shaggy surface structure, greater shearing forces against erythrocytes can be generated when there is perivalvular leakage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot from late results by multivariate statistical analysis.

From 1966 to 1985, 469 pediatric patients with the tetralogy of Fallot (mean age, 4.9 years) were corrected (hospital mortality 11.9%). There were 9 late deaths (1.9%). In 186 patients, hemodynamic studies were performed 2-14 years postoperatively (mean age, 10.4 years). An increased cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) of 60% or more was found in 42 patients with impaired postoperative physical activity. The factors affecting the late results were investigated in relation to CTR by the quantification method of multivariate analysis. As for the enlarged CTR, pulmonary regurgitation was more of a contributing factor than pulmonary stenosis. In pulmonary regurgitation, the pulmonary artery area index (PAAI) and reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) were highly significant factors. For pressure gradient, the VSD site was the most significant factor. These analyses suggest that preservation and/or reconstruction of the pulmonary valve, or trans-annular patching with the necessary minimal area for the RVOT (PAAI) not to exceed 4 cm2/m2 at the time of operation is important for satisfactory late results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

In vivo effects of molybdate on activation of rat liver cytosol glucocorticoid receptor.

To clarify the in vivo events following administration of steroid hormones, the effect of molybdate on the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) translocation in rat livers after administration of glucocorticoids was examined. After injection of hydrocortisone-succinate (Hydro) (200 micrograms/150 g rat) into the inferior vena cava of adrenalectomized rats, 3H-dexamethasone (3H-Dex) binding in liver cytosol rapidly decreased within 5 min, followed by a rapid replenishment. This decrease in binding was partially prevented by pre-treating the animals with 20 mg of sodium molybdate (Mo), which was considered to inhibit GR activation. Administration of 200 micrograms/150 g body weight of hydrocortisone caused a rapid replenishment of the binding sites following the depletion. Administration of molybdate 5 min after the hydrocortisone injection did not influence the replenishment. The GR content was increased significantly 20 min after the administration of molybdate in intact rats but not in adrenalectomized rat. It is concluded that activation of the hormone receptor complex observed in vitro also occurs in vivo after administration of glucocorticoid to animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Massive systemic venous thrombosis after Fontan operation: report of a case.

A 7 year old boy with single ventricle with pulmonary stenosis underwent a modified Fontan procedure. He had a very stormy postoperative course complicated by continued pleural effusion, hepatomegaly, and chylothorax. He eventually died after an atrial septum reopening. At autopsy, massive thrombi were found in the inferior vena cava, right atrium, and pulmonary artery. This complication was probably due to multiple factors, but a routine anticoagulation therapy may be required after Fontan procedure.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗