[Obesity-related hypertension].
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Diet, Sodium-Restricted↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Ueda
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ueda.
Urinary C4 excretion in systemic lupus erythematosus.
The fourth component of complement (C4) in urine was measured in 19 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Urinary C4 was detectable in all SLE patients using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In 11 of 13 patients whose urinary C4 was serially measured, a decrease of urinary C4 was found in parallel with a decrease of disease activity of SLE. In the remaining 2 patients, the amount of C4 increased preceding a flare-up of the disease. The measurement of urinary C4 may be useful in evaluating the disease activity of SLE in individual patients and sometimes in predicting the flare-up of the disease. The specific hemolytic activity of excreted C4 and Western blotting analysis showed that urinary C4 consisted mainly of degraded fragments of C4. In two cases, camostat, a serine protease inhibitor, rapidly decreased the urinary C4 excretion, suggesting that the complement activation occurred in the glomerulus in lupus nephritis.
Adolescent↗
Serial lectin affinity chromatography demonstrates altered asparagine-linked sugar chain structures of gamma-glutamyltransferase in human renal cell carcinoma.
Differences between human renal cortex and human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in asparagine (Asn)-linked sugar chain structures of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were investigated by using a serial lectin affinity chromatographic technique. The relative amounts of GGT which passed through the concanavalin A (Con A) column but bound to the phytohaemagglutinin E column, were significantly decreased in RCC, but there were significant increases in the relative amounts of GGT which bound weakly to the Con A column and passed through the pea lectin (PSA) column, and bound strongly to the Con A column and bound to the wheat germ agglutinin column in RCC compared with those of the normal renal cortex. A significant correlation was observed in RCC between nuclear grade and relative amount of GGT which bound weakly to the Con A column and passed through the PSA column. The findings indicate that Asn-linked sugar chain structures are altered in RCC and suggest that studies of qualitative differences of sugar chain structures of GGT might lead to a useful diagnostic tool for human RCC.
Adult↗
Double crises in two-parameter dynamical systems.
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Journal Article↗
Role of Tyr residues in the contact region of anti-lysozyme monoclonal antibody HyHEL10 for antigen binding.
It has been shown that Tyr residues are unusually localized in the regions of antibodies responsible for contact with antigens (Padlan, E. A. (1990) Proteins Struct. Funct. Genet. 7, 112-124). In order to clarify the role of these Tyr residues in antigen binding, the interaction between hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) and its monoclonal antibody HyHEL10, whose structure has been well studied in complex with its antigen, was investigated. Four Tyr residues in the VH chain (HTyr-33, HTyr-50, HTyr-53, and HTyr-58) were replaced with Ala, Leu, Phe, or Trp, and the interactions between these mutant Fv fragments and HEL were studied by inhibition assay of the enzymatic activity of HEL and isothermal titration calorimetry. Twelve mutant Fv fragments could be expressed, but two mutants (HY50W and HY58W) could not be obtained in the Escherichia coli expression system, and a further two mutants (HY33A and HY50A) could not be purified by affinity chromatography. It was shown by inhibition assay that Tyr residues at each mutated site made positive contributions to the interaction to different degrees. Thermodynamic studies showed that the role of Tyr residues in antigen binding was to obtain enthalpic energy. The roles of Tyr residues in antibody HyHEL10 for the association with antigen, HEL, can be summarized as follows: 1) formation of hydrogen bonds by the hydroxyl group, 2), creating more favorable interactions through the aromatic ring and decreasing the entropic loss upon binding, and 3) allowing hydrophobic interaction through the side chain. The four Tyr residues studied here were found to play significant roles in the association in various ways.
Animals↗
Types of nuclear endonuclease activity capable of inducing internucleosomal DNA fragmentation are completely different between human CD34+ cells and their granulocytic descendants.
A hallmark of apoptosis is internucleosomal DNA fragmentation resulting from the activation of endonucleases. We characterized the endonuclease activity of human myeloid cell nuclei that cleaved their own nuclear chromatin to oligonucleosomal length fragments. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) of normal peripheral blood contained both Ca2+/Mg(2+)-dependent and DNase II-like acidic endonuclease activities in their nuclei. Immature myeloid cells of normal bone marrow at various stages of granulocytic maturation had similar nuclease activities. In contrast, a clear difference was shown in the circulating CD34+ cells, in that only Mg(2+)-dependent, Ca(2+)-independent endonuclease activity was detected. Consistent with these findings is the emergence of the Ca2+/Mg(2+)-dependent and acidic endonuclease concomitantly with the disappearance of the Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease when CD34+ cells were induced to differentiate in vitro toward granulocytes. Leukemic cell lines of all lineages also had Mg(2+)-dependent nuclease activity. Our results suggest an association of the Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease with hematopoietic progenitor cells and that the relative activities of the nuclear nuclease in human myeloid cells change substantially during granulocytic differentiation.
Antigens, CD↗
Unclassified poxvirus: characterization and physical mapping of Cotia virus DNA and location of a sequence capable of encoding a thymidine kinase.
DNA from Cotia virus, an unclassified poxvirus, was mapped by overlapping fragment analysis using the restriction endonucleases HindIII, PstI, BamHI, XhoI, SalI, and SmaI. The linear genome was 177 kbp in length and possessed inverted terminal repeats and cross-links. A Cotia virus thymidine kinase (TK) gene was detected and mapped to about 74 kbp from the left end of the genome using degenerate oligonucleotide probes. Nucleotide sequencing of the TK gene revealed an open reading frame (ORF) that encoded a peptide of 178 amino acids. An A/T-rich sequence, TAA AAA TGA ATA AATA, and a transcription termination signal, TTTTTGT, were revealed upstream and just downstream of the ORF, respectively, consistent with the characteristic features of an early poxvirus gene. Cotia virus resembles swinepox virus based on the restriction profiles generated by endonucleases and shares amino acid sequence similarity with orthopox, leporipox, Yaba, and fowlpox viruses.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Interphase and metaphase detection of the breakpoint of 14q32 translocations in B-cell malignancies by double-color fluorescence in situ hybridization.
The breakpoint of 14q32 translocations found in B-cell malignancies was delineated specifically in both metaphase spreads and interphase nuclei by double-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using bacteriophage clones containing the human immunoglobulin gamma chain gene locus (Ig gamma) and a cosmid clone, CY24-68, containing VH segments. CY24-68 is more telomeric than Ig gamma, separated by approximately 1 megabase (Mb). FISH studies were performed on four patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), one with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), one with plasma cell leukemia (PCL), and three cell lines. In each patient with t(8;14), t(14;18), and t(3;14), the signal of Ig gamma gene was observed on der(14) and that of CY24-68 at respective partner sites of these translocations, 8q24.1, 18q21.3, and 3q27. Interphase nuclei with a signal of Ig gamma clearly separated from that of CY24-68 were more frequently encountered in all of the patients (45% to 74%) than those in normal controls (4% to 5%). Even in cases where only interphase nuclei were available for FISH studies, 14q32 translocations are detected as shown in two patients each with NHL and t(11;14)-carrying PCL. In two cell lines, HS-1 derived from ALL carrying t(8;14) and FR4 derived from a plasmacytoma carrying a complex form of t(8;14), the signal of Ig gamma was observed at the breakpoint region 8q24.1 of the der(8) in addition to the der(14), indicating that translocation event occurred within the Ig gamma locus. Intense Ig gamma signal was found at the breakpoint region on the der(14)t(11;14) in HBL-2 derived from NHL, indicating amplification of the Ig gamma gene, and presumably the resultant chimeric DNA between Ig gamma and DNA sequences at 11q13. The present approach allowed us to unequivocally detect tumor-specific breakpoints of 14q32 translocations. Furthermore, interphase FISH provides a rapid diagnostic procedure to detect 14q32 translocations in B-cell malignancies.
Burkitt Lymphoma↗
[Effect of the GH-PRL superfamily on circulating plasma insulin-like growth factor-1].
To elucidate the effects of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and human placental lactogen (hPL) on the regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), we compared plasma IGF-1 levels, the pattern of circulating IGF-1-IGF-binding protein complexes (IGF-1 complexes), and unsaturated binding protein (USBP) levels among 1) naturally growing Wistar rats at several developmental stages, 2) rats subcutaneously administered GH, and 3) hypophysectomized rats treated with each of the three hormones. We further evaluated the in vitro secretion of IGF-1 by primary cultured rat hepatocytes, following exposure to the hormones singly or in combination. Plasma IGF-1 and USBP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and competitive radioassay, respectively. IGF-1 complexes were separated from plasma and culture medium by Sephadex G150 and HPLC gel-chromatography, respectively. The results were as follows. 1) In naturally growing rats, plasma IGF levels were low during fetal life and after birth until 28 days of age, and thereafter increased rapidly to reach an adult level by 35 days. At 35 days, the molecular distribution of IGF-1 switched from an infantile pattern (only 40Kd IGF-1 complex) to an adult form (IGF-1 complexes with both 40Kd and 150Kd proteins). In addition, 150Kd USBP became detectable after 28 days. 2) Administration of GH for 3 days to 13-day-old rats induced 150Kd USBP 9 days earlier than in controls, while plasma IGF-1 levels remained comparable throughout the period examined. 3) In the hypophysectomized rats, plasma IGF-1 levels decreased to approximately one fifth of those in untreated rats, accompanied by the disappearance of 150Kd USBP and 150Kd IGF-1 complex. However, when GH (but not PRL or hPL) was continuously administered for 72 hrs, plasma IGF-1 levels and the circulating profile of IGF-1 complexes were nearly restored to those in control rats. 4) Addition of GH (but not PRL) to the culture medium caused hepatocytes to secrete IGF-1, consisting of only the 40Kd IGF-1 complex. This effect was blocked by the simultaneous addition of hPL with GH. These findings indicate that, of the hormones analyzed, GH is the most important regulator of the plasma IGF-1 concentration and circulating complex forms during the developmental periods in rats, as is also thought to be the case in humans.
Animals↗
Ultraviolet inverse-photoemission and photoemission spectroscopy studies of diluted magnetic semiconductors Cd1-xMnxTe (0 <= x <= 0.7).
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Journal Article↗
Expression of glutamate (AMPA type) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors in the rat caudal trigeminal spinal nucleus.
The localization of GABAA receptor gamma 1 and gamma 2 subunits and the AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2/3 were identified in the caudal trigeminal spinal tract nucleus (TNC) by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies. The receptor species on the projecting neurons to the thalamus in TNC were also examined. A retrograde tracer, Fluoro-gold (FG), was injected into the thalamus, and the sections were simultaneously labeled with the antibodies. Injection of FG into the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus resulted in labeling of scattered neurons contralaterally in the TNC. Most of the neurons labeled by retrograde tracing also showed gamma 1- and gamma 2-like immunoreactivity, while many of the neurons containing FG lacked GluR1- and GluR2/3-like immunoreactivity. These findings show that neurons projecting to the thalamus from the TNC receive GABAergic input via GABAA receptors containing gamma 1 and gamma 2 subunits, while many neurons expressing the AMPA-type receptor did not project to the thalamus.
Animals↗
UCN-01, an anti-tumor drug, is a selective inhibitor of the conventional PKC subfamily.
A selective PKC inhibitor, UCN-01, was shown to exhibit anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. We investigated UCN-01 with respect to isozyme-specific PKC inhibition using purified recombinant or rabbit brain PKC isozymes, cPKC alpha, beta and gamma, nPKC delta, epsilon and eta, and a PKC zeta. Of the PKC isozymes examined, cPKC alpha was inhibited by UCN-01 most effectively (Ki = 0.44 nM), suggesting cPKC alpha is the prime candidate for the physiological target of UCN-01. The Ki values of UCN-01 estimated from Dixon plots for cPKC isozymes are approximately 1 nM, whereas the Ki values for nPKC isozymes are about 20 nM. Moreover, the Ki value for aPKC zeta is 3.8 microM. Thus, UCN-01 discriminates between PKC subfamilies. In addition, the inhibitory effects of staurosporine, H7, and calphostin C on aPKC zeta were examined and compared with those for cPKC alpha.
Alkaloids↗
Non-competitive NMDA antagonists, FR115427 and MK801, enhance neuronal survival in primary culture.
Primary culture of cerebral cortical neurons from mouse embryo was treated with non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, FR115427 and MK801. Both FR115427 and MK801 at 1-10 microM promoted neuronal survival after 7 days cultivation, determined by calorimetric assay for acid phosphatase (AP) activity. FR115426, the (-) isomer of FR115427 also promoted neuronal survival. However, competitive NMDA antagonists, APH and CGS19755 did not show promotive effect on neuronal survival at up to 100 microM. Anti-NMDA activity of these compounds was evaluated using an NMDA-induced convulsion assay. The relative potency of anti-NMDA activity was CGS19755 > MK801 > APH > FR115427 > FR115426. These data suggest that the effects on neuronal survival by FR115427 and MK801 are independent of anti-NMDA activity.
Animals↗
Cigarette smoke and lipoprotein modification. A possible interpretation for development of atherosclerosis.
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Animals↗
Behavioral studies on FR115427, a novel selective N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist.
Behavioral and in vitro receptor binding methods were used to evaluate and compare the effects of FR115427 ((+)-l-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride) with those of MK801, a non-competitive NMDA antagonist. FR115427 inhibited NMDA-induced convulsions in mice by intracerebroventrical(ICV) and systematic injection. FR115427 was found to be about ten times less potent than MK801. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of FR115427 and MK801 on NMDA-induced convulsions was evaluated in time course studies in mice. MK801 exhibited a more sustained anticonvulsive activity than FR115427. In addition, PCP-like behaviors were examined in mice after ICV injection of these compounds. At the lowest dose FR115427 significantly increased locomotor activity, although the effect of this compound was about hundred times less potent than that of MK801. At higher dose a more complex pattern of behavior, e.g. head-movement and eventually ataxia was observed. In binding assays with rat brain membranes, FR115427 inhibited the binding of (3H)TCP (IC50 = 0.249 microM) and (3H)MK801 (IC50 = 0.312 microM) but did not inhibit the binding of (3H)CPP or (3H)glycine. These results suggest that FR115427 is a novel non-competitive NMDA antagonist that acts on a binding site located within the NMDA receptor associated ion channel.
Animals↗
Statistical analysis of functional region(s) of the TSH receptor.
In this study, we apply recently developed methods to evaluate the thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R). These methods are called deviation (DEV) model, deviation decrease (DD) and DEV/DD analyses, and are based on deviation of amino acid sequences. A 3-dimensional structure model of TSH-R was graphically constructed, and found to possess a large central cavity (donut-like structure). The N-terminus was found to be in the center of the whole extracellular structure and to form a part of the bottom of the cavity. High DEV values indicate deviated amino acid compositions in the protein and were seen in 7 regions, 6 of which were found to be in regions with hydrophilic and acrophilic character. On the basis of the analysis of intra-molecular cis-acting relationships, 7 pairs of regions were presumed to be closely related. Further, when 3 exoplasmic loop lesions were analyzed similarly, 3 other regions were shown to have a close relationship with the cell surface. DEV/DD values were applied to predict the interface of TSH-R with trans-acting molecules such as TSH-R antibody or TSH. The regions in association with trans-acting molecules were seen in 14 regions, 11 of which included the high DEV regions. Both of the TSH-R specific regions in the N- and C-terminal side, especially the latter, were found to be the major components.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Mitral valve replacement with a collar-reinforced prosthetic valve for disrupted mitral annulus.
The mitral valve was replaced with a collar-reinforced prosthetic valve in 6 patients with a disrupted mitral annulus, in 3 because of infective endocarditis, including 2 patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis, in 2 because of a severely calcified mitral annulus, and in 1 who had previously undergone mitral valve replacement twice. Four patients had undergone prior mitral operations; these consisted of mitral valve replacement in 3 patients and mitral valve repair in 1. In all patients, the prosthesis was secured by double-layered sutures, with the first row of buttressed sutures passing through the leaflet or sutured to the left ventricular muscle and through the sewing cuff of the prosthetic valve. The second row of running sutures was then placed through an extended annular equine pericardial cuff of the prosthetic valve and the supraannular left atrial wall. In 2 patients, all chordae tendineae were preserved to maintain annulopapillary muscle continuity. All patients survived and have remained well for a mean of 22.3 months. There has been no prosthetic valve dehiscence, except for minimal paraprosthetic leakage in 1 patient. These results demonstrate that mitral valve replacement in patients with a disrupted mitral annulus can be successfully accomplished with a collar-reinforced prosthetic valve.
Aged↗
Pituitary apoplexy after pituitary function test: a report of two cases and review of the literature.
BACKGROUND: Although most of pituitary apoplexy occur spontaneously, some precipitating factors have been reported. We experienced two cases of pituitary apoplexy after a pituitary function test. METHODS: In order to clarify the causal relation between the pituitary function test and apoplexy, we presented our two cases and reviewed 20 cases in the literature. RESULTS: (Case 1) A 48-year-old man with a pituitary macroadenoma received an injection of 500 micrograms thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 100 micrograms gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and 0.1U/kg insulin as a preoperative test of pituitary function. Fifteen minutes later, he complained of diminished vision and headache. (Case 2) A 54-year-old man with a large cystic adenoma had an administration of 500 micrograms TRH and 100 micrograms GnRH. Ten minutes later, he complained of blurring of his left eye and headache. Although, in both cases, CT scans showed neither intratumoral hemorrhage nor infarction, the surgical specimen showed necrotic and hemorrhagic adenoma. The patients made excellent clinical recoveries after surgical decompression. Twenty-two reports including our two cases were reviewed. In 15 cases (68%), TRH was associated with apoplectic events and seemed to be the agent most likely to have an etiologic role because of its vasoactive properties. Eighteen patients (82%) had pituitary macroadenomas with suprasellar extension. In 72% of 18 surgical cases, some recovery of visual function was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: An apparent relationship between the test and the apoplectic events raises the possibility of the development of pituitary apoplexy after a pituitary function test. Unless there is a specific indication, pituitary function test should be avoided especially in patients with a large pituitary tumor.
Adenoma↗