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Biomedical subjects

Y Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Uchida.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Neurokinin A as a potent bronchoconstrictor.

Neurokinin A (NKA) and B (NKB) were more potent bronchoconstrictive agents than substance P (SP) in guinea pig tracheal strips. The content of NKA in guinea pig lung homogenate was 2.26 +/- 1.09 pmol/g wet lung, which was approximately half that of SP (4.46 +/- 1.33 pmol/g wet lung); NKB was not detected in the guinea pig lung homogenate (less than 0.01 pmol/g wet lung). Histologically, NKA-immunoreactive fibers were distributed in the bronchial smooth muscle layers. Pulmonary arteries and veins were also found to be innervated by NKA-immunoreactive nerves. In addition, a few fibers were observed in the trachea, bronchioles, and alveoli. These findings suggest that NKA may be one of the neurotransmitters of the noncholinergic bronchoconstrictive nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) on congestive heart failure in dogs].

Effects of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) on a model of congestive heart failure (CHF), we established in dogs, were investigated. The model was made by protease injection into the left ventricular free wall, saline loading, and dextran and methoxamine infusion. By this maneuver, left atrial pressure (LAP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were markedly increased, aortic blood flow (AoBF) was decreased and systemic blood pressure (SBP) was unchanged. Following intravenous application of 0.50 microgram/kg alpha-hANP, LAP was reduced from 18.9 to 14.0 mmHg (N = 7, mean); SBP, from 114.4 to 105.1 mmHg; SVR, from 21603 to 15602 dyne sec/cm5; and LVEDP, from 22.2 to 17.6 mmHg; while AoBF was increased from 0.46 to 0.54 l/min. Vmax and T were little influenced. The results indicate that alpha-hANP improved canine CHF mainly through its vasodilating action.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Tachykinin antagonist I: Specific, competitive and tissue-selective neurokinin B antagonists on contractile activity in smooth muscles.

Two neurokinin B (NKB) analogs, [Gly6]-NKB [3-10] and [Arg3, D-Ala6]-NKB [3-10], were tested for agonistic activity as well as for their ability to antagonize the myotropic actions of NKB, neurokinin A, substance P, physalaemin and eledoisin in isolated guinea-pig ileum, guinea-pig urinary bladder, rat duodenum, rat vas deferens and rat portal vein. [Gly6]-NKB [3-10] in the guinea-pig ileum and rat portal vein and [Arg3, D-Ala6]-NKB [3-10] in the guinea-pig ileum were found to be the first specific and competitive antagonists against NKB.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hemodynamic effect of bunitrolol on patients with ischemic heart disease. Comparison with propranolol.

Acute hemodynamic changes induced by two beta-blocking agents, bunitrolol and propranolol, in patients with ischemic heart disease were studied. Besides possessing negative chronotropic and inotropic effects which were demonstrated by decreased heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI) and double product (DP) of the heart, propranolol significantly increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR, 12%, p less than 0.05) and the time constant of left ventricular (LV) isovolumic pressure fall (T, 10%, p less than 0.01). With bunitrolol, no significant changes were observed in indexes reflecting chronotropic and inotropic states of the heart, and CI and DP were essentially unchanged. Only LV systolic pressure (-5%, p less than 0.01), LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP, -17%, p less than 0.01) and T (-10%, p less than 0.05) decreased significantly. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased, though insignificantly. Myocardial oxygen supply-demand balance in the resting state was not improved by propranolol as evidenced by the fact that CI decreased in proportion to the decline in DP. In contrast, ischemia at rest was apparently improved by bunitrolol because LV wall stress decreased due to the reduction in LV volume which was suggested by the decline in LV systolic pressure and LVEDP while CI remained constant. Improvement of the time constant T might be strong evidence of relief from ischemia. Bunitrolol might be effective even in patients with overt heart failure, especially that due to ischemic heart disease because of its lack of negative inotropic action and its ameliorating effect on ischemia at rest.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1987

The effects of nicorandil on phasic contractions of isolated canine coronary artery.

The effects of nicorandil on the phasic contractions of canine coronary smooth muscles were compared with the effects of other vasodilating agents. Phasic contractions of the smooth muscles were induced by applying 10(-2) M 3,4-diaminopyridine, a potassium channel blocker. The peak tension of phasic contractions was reduced by 10(-6) M and phasic contractions were eliminated by 10(-4) M of nicorandil. The peak tension was also reduced by 10(-8) M nitroglycerin, 10(-7) M nifedipine, and 10(-5) M W-7. Phasic contractions were eliminated by 10(-6) M nifedipine and 10(-4) M W-7, but they were not eliminated by 10(-6) M nitroglycerin. Depolarization associated with the phasic contractions was eliminated by 10(-6) M nifedipine and 10(-4) M nicorandil. These results indicate that nicorandil eliminated the phasic contractions of canine coronary smooth muscles through inhibition of depolarization, just as does nifedipine. It is likely that nicorandil inhibited depolarization through an increase in potassium conductance.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1987

[UFTM therapy in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer].

The therapeutic use of UFTM (UFT plus Mitomycin C) was performed in three patients with unresectable advanced pancreatic carcinoma. According to the criteria of Koyama et al., all patients showed partial response. Thrombocytopenia, (less than 8 x 10(4)/microliter) was observed in one of the three patients treated with UFTM. Nevertheless, in that patient, thrombocytopenia was reversed by stopping Mitomycin C injection and continuous administration of UFT was possible. The survival time in all treated patients tended to the longer: 7.1 months, 13.6 months and 14.1 months. From these results it is suggested that UFTM therapy might offer an alternative treatment for improved survival in patients with unresectable advanced pancreatic carcinoma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[A case of gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases responding to combination therapy of recombinant interferon-gamma (KW-2202) and 5-FU].

A 65-year-old man with gastric cancer showing multiple liver metastases was treated with recombinant interferon-gamma (KW-2202) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Three months after this combination therapy, the metastatic liver masses showed remarkable reduction in both number and size. Also, the primary gastric tumor showed a definite size reduction. Judging from these findings, subtotal gastrectomy and resection of the metastatic liver mass were performed. This case of gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases was thus shown to well to combination therapy with KW-2202 and 5-FU.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical study of cefmenoxime in thoracic surgery. Transfer of cefmenoxime to lung tissue and pleural fluid and prophylaxis of postoperative infections].

Twenty-six patients who underwent pulmonary resection for the lung disease were administered 1 g of cefmenoxime (CMX) by intravenous drip infusion just before the operation. The CMX levels in the serum, lung tissue and pleural fluid were measured using the agar-well technique. The effect of the drug on the prophylaxis of postoperative infections was investigated. The obtained results are summarized as follows; 1. The peak concentration of CMX in the serum was 58.23 micrograms/ml 1 hour after starting the drip infusion of 1 g of CMX. The serum half-life of CMX (beta-phase) was 2.15 hours. 2. The ratio of the CMX concentration in lung tissue to the peak serum level was 14.9% 202 minutes after starting the drip infusion. In the pulmonary lesion, the ratio was 9.72% at the 201 minutes. In the bronchiole, the ratio was 20.7% 191 minutes after starting the drip infusion. 3. The concentration of CMX in the pleural fluid was 2.53 micrograms/ml 12 hours after starting the drip infusion. 4. CMX is useful as a prophylaxis of postoperative infections after thoracotomy, because no postoperative infectious complications were observed.

Adult↗