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Biomedical subjects

Y Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Uchida.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The value of electrophysiological examination of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle in the diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome.

In the electrodiagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome, the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle is frequently used to evoke compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) in order to measure the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in the ulnar nerve. Slowing of the MNCV across the elbow is a major criteria in the electrodiagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome. However, in advanced cases, slowing of the MNCV is also seen in the forearm segment, thus, localization of the nerve palsy is sometimes difficult. We evoked CMAP from the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscle to assess the value of electrophysiological examination of this muscle in the diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome. CMAP from the FCU muscle could be evoked in many cases when CMAP from the ADM muscle could not. Also, the motor terminal latency (MTL) of the FCU was prolonged in proportion to the slowing of the MNCV across the elbow. Therefore, electrophysiological examination of the FCU muscle is useful in the diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome, especially when intrinsic muscle atrophy is severe and the CMAP from these muscles cannot be evoked.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical experience of VA-bypass as a cardiac assist system using centrifugal pump with membranous oxygenator in patients with profound ventricular failure after cardiac surgery].

Twelve patients including 6 ischemic heart diseases, 5 valvular diseases, and one adult atrial septal defect combined with mitral and tricuspid valve insufficiency were treated with circulatory assist system for postoperative severe low-cardiac output syndrome. Intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) was used in all cases. In early 7 cases, left heart bypass system was employed including one roller pump, one left ventricular assist device (LVAD), and 5 centrifugal pump. Only one LVAD case could be weaned but died of sustained ventricular arrhythmias 5 days postoperatively. In recent 5 cases, veno-arterial bypass (VA-bypass) was employed using centrifugal pump with membranous oxygenator. Venous blood was drained from the right atrium and oxygenated blood was returned to the right axillary artery. Real time reinfusion of drained blood from intrapericardial and mediastinal tube to the central vein served efficiently to maintain hemodynamics and to save homologous blood transfusion. Three of 5 cases who were treated with Va-bypass survived and are doing well. We conclude that VA-bypass consisting with centrifugal pump and oxygenator returning oxygenated blood to the right axillary artery combined with IABP were useful strategies as biventricular support for profound cardiac failure following surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Multivariate analysis of mandibular morphology with fetal growth by means of the soft standardized radiographs].

Mandibular growth of the fetus is a great matter of importance to anatomy, anthropology and also oral and Maxillofacial surgery. The postnatal changes of the mandible that have occurred with growth have been reported by numerous investigators. However, a few researchers have investigated the prenatal growth of the mandible. The purposes of this study were discussed how to change in size and shape of the mandible during the fetal period. The materials consisted of 162 human fetuses from the body length (BL) of 95 mm, to 500 mm. They were divided into four groups: 95-199 mm (BL1, N = 40), 200-299 mm (BL2, N = 76), 300-399 mm (BL3, N = 26), 400-500 mm (BL4, N = 20). All specimens were stored in formalin, and only those free from gross deformation were selected for study. The heads were removed by decapitation at the level of the hyoid bone. The soft standardized radiographs were taken of the frontal, lateral, basal aspects. They were used for tracing and angular and linear measurements (total thirty). The data were used to evaluate the mandibular form by multivariate analysis. They were supported the univariate analysis. The findings leads to the following conclusions: 1) Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were applied to the data to make clear the correlation between 30 variables. Four clusters were constructed at the level ninety similarities in cluster analysis. They were corresponded to four factors were obtained in principal component analysis. 2) The data were subjected to a stepwise discriminant function analysis using the seventeen of original 30 variables. Nine variables, mandibular length (Go-Me), mandibular ramus height (Col-Go), Symphyseal height (Id-Me), mandibular body height (Kr'-beta), gonial angle (< Co2, Go, Me), mental angle (< Id, Pog, Go), gonial width (BGo), alveolar width (BKr'), basal angle of mandible (< RGo, Me, LGo), were selected as the best discriminators. The incidence of correctly classified cases 88.68%. 3) As a result of the first discriminant function of the discriminant analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test, mandibular length (Go-Me), gonial width (BGo), alveolar width (BKr'), Symphyseal height (Id-Me) were longer in tall group that short group (BL4 > BL3 > BL2 > BL1). Therefore, the first discriminant function was accounted for the size factor. 4) In consequence of the second discriminant function of the discriminant analysis and regression analysis, gonial width (BGo) was grown broader than alveolar width (BKr') from BL1 to BL2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1993

[A two-dimensional analysis of B-lymphoma cells by flow cytometry--a comparative study with pathological classification].

In order to investigate the size variation of neoplastic cells from lymph nodes of 19 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHL), we have carried out the two-dimensional analysis by flow cytometry using the parameters of the forward light scatter (FLS) and the fluorescence intensity of surface immunoglobulin light chain (sIgL). Neoplastic B cells were identified as having the homogeneous characters of both FLS and sIgL (kappa or lambda) in comparison of normal B cells with the heterogeneity of counterpart sIgL (lambda or kappa). Then the size variation of neoplastic B cells was analyzed by regarding CD3+ T cells to a control scale. Consequently, the present procedures disclosed that B-NHL cases could be divided into five patterns from the view-point of the cell size and distribution. These results almost coincided with the cell types determined by the pathological diagnosis. Furthermore, it was also found that our data made it possible to classify small cleaved cell or large cell lymphomas into subtypes. The two-dimensional analysis by using the parameters of FLS and sIgL would be clinically useful for the rapid diagnosis of B-NHL and its malignant grade in addition to supporting pathological findings.

Flow Cytometry↗
PubMed1993

[Two cases of early Acanthamoeba keratitis].

Early Acanthamoeba keratitis was diagnosed in two soft contact lens wearers. Both patients had initially been diagnosed as having herpes simplex keratitis and treated with antiherpes drugs. In one patient, slit-lamp examination disclosed dendritiform epithelial keratitis, subepithelial opacities, linear stromal infiltrate along the corneal nerve (radial keratoneuritis), and marked swelling and hyperemia of the limbal conjunctiva. Acanthamoeba castellanii was cultured from the corneal scrapings and contact lens case. The second patient also showed dendritiform keratitis and subepithelial opacities, with swelling of the limbal conjunctiva. Cultures were positive for A. polyphaga from the contact lens case, but negative from the corneal scrapings. The patients were cured of Acanthamoeba keratitis with medical therapy consisting of topical fluconazole and miconazole, systemic fluconazole, and topical corticosteroids. Recognition of distinctive characteristics of the clinical findings in early Acanthamoeba keratitis can lead to the early diagnosis of the disease.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMed1993

[Correlation 111In-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy with clinical and laboratory findings].

This study was evaluated relationship 111In-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy and clinical information and laboratory findings in twenty-four patients with bone infection and thirty-five patients with abdominal infection. Fifty-nine scintigrams were retrospectively reviewed and classified into positive or negative results. As the laboratory findings, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at sixty minutes, and peripheral blood leukocyte counts (WBCC) were evaluated. Clinical information such as presence of fever and administration of antibiotics was also compared. No significant relationship between the scintigraphic results and clinical as well as laboratory findings was observed in bone infection patients. CRP levels in positive scintigraphic patients were significantly higher than those in negative scintigraphic patients in the abdominal infection group, otherwise the other indices were not correlated with the scintigraphic results. A few patients with slightly increased CRP (mostly chronic cases) did not show positive scintigrams, suggesting an increased false negative rate of leukocyte scintigraphy in such circumstances. These results suggest that it is inappropriate to determine the application of leukocyte scintigraphy depending on clinical as well as laboratory findings, and leukocyte scintigraphy would yield additional information different from other indices when evaluating inflammatory foci.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

[Surgical treatment of endocardial cushion defect in 3 elderly patients].

We performed surgical treatment for partial endocardial cushion defect in 3 patients over fifty year old. Case 1 was a 55-year-old-male with TR of grade II. Case 2 was a 59-year-old-female with TR and MR, and was repaired mitral cleft by a mattress suture. She needed infusion of dopamine (over 5 micrograms/kg/min) for 6 days and therapy of mediastinitis postoperatively. Case 3 was 56-year-old-male without atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Preoperative left ventricular volume was small in all patients, therefore perioperative circulatory control, mainly water balance, and respiratory control were importance. All patients survived, and both decreasing of CTR and improvement of NYHA classification were recognized in all three patients. In conclusion the operation for ECD in even elder patients was effective, but intensive care needed perioperatively.

Endocardial Cushion Defects↗
PubMed1993

[A case of double mitral valve with severe mitral regurgitation detected by transesophageal echocardiography].

A 66-year-old woman with double mitral valve (bridge type) and severe mitral regurgitation by spontaneous ruptured chordas is reported. The case with this combination has not been reported in the literature. She had not any other congenital heart diseases. The mitral valve was clearly shown by two-dimensional Doppler transesophageal echocardiography. Mitral valve replacement with Medtronic-Hall valve was carried out successfully.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Enkephalinase activity in the guinea pig model of asthma].

Enkephalinase exists in airway epithelial cells, smooth muscle, and submucosa near glands, and cleaves tachykinins to inactive metabolites, thereby reducing there effects. To study the role of enkephalinase in asthmatic response, we measured its activity in guinea pig model of asthma. When compared with the control values, the enkephalinase activity was reduced during in immediate asthmatic response (IAR) and late asthmatic response (LAR). Compared with the control values (100%), each value was 79.7%, 73.4% in the trachea and 74.3%, 55.7% in the lung respectively. Tracheal muscle preparation taken from the control, IAR, and LAR groups were made and mounted in oxygenated modified Krebs-Ringer solution. The response was monitored by isometric transducer. Concentration response curves to NKA with or without phosphoramidon were obtained. The contractile responses of the LAR groups were enhanced in potency and efficiency. Phosphoramidon potentiated the NKA induced contraction of control and the IAR groups but was less potent in enhancing the contractile response in the LAR group, showing less enkephalinase activity in the LAR. These results suggest that the enkephalinase plays an important role in LAR. In LAR, the enkephalinase activity may be inhibited and the responsiveness of the smooth muscle to some bronchoconstrictor, such as tachykinins, may be increased.

Allergens↗
PubMed1993

[Angioscopic evaluation of atherosclerosis].

Recently, percutaneous transluminal angioscopy has been clinically used. We describe the evaluation of atherosclerosis by angioscopy. In observation of aortic and peripheral arteries, color of the luminal surface is yellow in the lesion without endothelial fibrosis, whereas, it is white with endothelial fibrosis. A variety of findings such as endothelial flap, endothelial thickening, mural bleeding, mural or occlusive thrombi are observed in the atherosclerotic lesions. It is difficult to detect these findings by angiography. In observation of coronary arteries, color of the luminal surface is yellow or white and often associates spiral folds in the early stage of atherosclerosis. Plaques are classified to two categories. One is the complex plaque characterised by endothelial flap, rupture of atheroma, ulceration, mural thrombus and usually observed in patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction. Another is the regular plaque without those findings and observed in patients with stable angina. Angioscopy is useful for evaluation of atherosclerosis.

Angioscopes↗
PubMed1993

[The effects of Ara-A on viral markers in duck hepatitis B virus carrier ducks].

Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) carrier ducks of one week old were injected with Ara-A (adenine arabinoside) of different dose including 2.5 (11 ducks), 5.0 (11), 10.0 (10) and 20.0 (10) mg/kg for 14 days. This antiviral effect showed dose-dependence up to 5.0 mg/kg and this dose seemed effective to obtain significant antiviral effect. Viral DNA and DNA polymerase activity were reduced significantly from the 1st week after starting the administration of Ara-A. This antiviral effect was maintained even at the 1st week after discontinuation of the drug. These findings were quite similar to those observed in HBV carriers. With the increasing necessity of Ara-A treatment in patients who will not respond to interferon therapy, DHBV seemed a suitable model for the investigation of the dose and antiviral effect of Ara-A treatment in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Enhanced expression of the human multidrug resistance 1 gene in response to UV light irradiation.

The multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene encodes a M(r) 170,000 membrane glycoprotein termed P-glycoprotein, which catalyzes the energy-dependent efflux of multiple anticancer agents. We investigated the activation of the MDR1 gene promoter by UV light irradiation in human cancer KB cells after both transient and stable transfection assays of the MDR1 promoter fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Following exposure to UV irradiation, CAT gene expression was about 20-fold increased. A series of promoter dissection analyses showed that two elements extending from -136 to -76 of the 5' flanking sequence and from +1 to +121 of the sequence downstream from the initiation site were required for the stress induction of MDR1 promoter activity. Gel shift assays showed that the specific DNA binding activities of the transacting protein to the MDR1 promoter were augmented in nuclear extracts from the cells treated with UV irradiation. A DNA sequence, an inverted CCAAT box, was identified that specifically bound to this protein, and mutation of this sequence abolished the binding of this protein. Two guanines in the inverted CCAAT box were found to be critical, as methylation of these guanines abrogated the binding. Nuclear run-on assay demonstrated that the transcription level was increased about 5-fold. These results suggest that the activation of the MDR1 promoter may result from transcriptional rather than posttranscriptional events. These studies will provide the basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism for appearance of the drug-resistant phenotype during cancer chemotherapy.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[A case of frontal lobe syndrome followed by serial 123I-IMP SPECT].

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) were performed in a 58-year-old man with frontal lobe syndrome. He had abulia and personality changes suggesting frontal lobe impairment. Six follow-up SPECT studies were conducted during 18 months from the onset. On the first scan, no abnormal pattern of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was found. On the second scan, a mild reduction of rCBF was observed in bilateral frontal lobes. Through the third to sixth scans, a progressed reduction of rCBF in bilateral frontal lobes was confirmed by a semi-quantitative regions-of-interest analysis. Contrarily, abulia was improved, and personality change was not progressed during that period. Magnetic resonance imaging on admission revealed only a small subdural hematoma and high intensity areas in the right frontal lobe, which were resolved at the time of the sixth SPECT scan. It is suggested that rCBF studies by SPECT is not necessary concordant with psychiatric symptoms, and has possible limitations in pathophysiological evaluation for psychiatric disorders.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1992

ET-1 released histamine from guinea pig pulmonary but not peritoneal mast cells.

Endothelin(ET)-1 triggered histamine release of mast cells from pulmonary tissue but not from the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs. The observed difference in response to ET-1 was attributable to a quantitative difference in ET-1 binding sites between both cells. The concentrations of ET-1 required for half maximal release of histamine and half maximal binding of [125I]ET-1 were approximately 0.05 and 0.08 nM, respectively. The release of histamine by ET-1 was a Ca(2+)-dependent but not a cytotoxic process. These observations, taken together, suggest that ET-1 induces histamine release from mast cells in a receptor-dependent fashion.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Salvage of infarcted myocardium by angiogenic action of basic fibroblast growth factor.

Coronary collateral vessels reduce damage to ischemic myocardium after coronary obstruction. Factors that stimulate collateral formation are expected to have ameliorating effects on myocardial infarction. In a canine experimental myocardial infarct model, intracoronary injection of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) improved cardiac systolic function and reduced infarct size. Treatment with bFGF increased the number of arterioles and capillaries in the infarct. Thus, the angiogenic action of bFGF might lead to a reduction in infarct size. The application of bFGF might bring about a therapeutic modality for the salvage of infarcted myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A model system for tumor angiogenesis: involvement of transforming growth factor-alpha in tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells induced by esophageal cancer cells.

Tumor growth is dependent on angiogenesis, which is thought to be mediated through growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and -beta (TGF-beta), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), produced by tumor cells. We have developed a model system for tumor angiogenesis in vitro: tube formation of human omentum microvascular endothelial (HOME) cells in type I collagen gels when these cells are co-cultured with tumor cells. Exogenously added TGF-alpha induced tube formation of HOME cells in collagen gel. In contrast, TGF-beta inhibited the TGF-alpha-induced tube formation of endothelial cells. We investigated whether tube formation could be induced in HOME cells in collagen gel when the HOME cells were co-cultured with three esophageal cancer cell lines, TE1, TE2, and TE5. TE1 and TE2 cells expressed both TGF-alpha and TGF-beta mRNA, but the level of TGF-alpha mRNA in TE2 was found to be much lower than in TE1 cells. TE5 did not express either TGF-alpha or TGF-beta. The tube formation of HOME cell was induced when they were co-cultured with TE1 cells, while both TE2 and TE5 cell lines induced tube formation at much lower rates than TE1. TE1-induced tube formation of HOME cells was specifically blocked by co-administration of anti-TGF-alpha-antibody, but not by anti-bFGF-antibody. The present study suggests that, in our model system, esophageal tumor angiogenesis is partly controlled by TGF-alpha, possibly through a paracrine pathway.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1992

Regulation of endothelin-1 synthesis in cultured guinea pig airway epithelial cells by various cytokines.

To study regulatory mechanisms influencing the synthesis and release of ET-1, a potent bronchoconstrictor, epithelial cells from guinea pig tracheas were cultured to test various cytokines for the synthesis of ET-1 and its precursor, big ET-1. Cytokines tested were divided into 4 groups, based on their potential modes of action. IL-8, TNF alpha and TGF beta transiently increased the synthesis of ET-1, while EGF, PDGF and GM/CSF promoted proliferation of ET-1 synthesizing cells. IL-1 enhanced the synthesis of ET-1 precursor without mitogenesis, whereas IL-2, IL-6 and IGF-1 induced both the synthesis of big ET-1 and mitogenesis. These observations suggest that cytokines involved in damage, inflammation and repair of the airway epithelial layer regulate the synthesis and release of ET-1 by multiple mechanisms, thereby influencing airway muscle tone.

Animals↗