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Biomedical subjects

Y Tsuchiya

Publications and source records attributed to Y Tsuchiya.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Inhibition of the vagal reflex-induced tracheal constriction by psychotropic drugs.

We investigated the effects of psychotropic drugs on reflex tracheal constriction in anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated mongrel dogs. The tracheal constriction induced by the electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the right vagus nerve was abolished by sectioning both the left superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves, and was reduced by a low dose of pentobarbital (3 mg/kg, i.v.). This indicates that the tracheal constriction is mediated by a vagal reflex. Chlorpromazine (3 mg/kg, i.v.) and imipramine (1-3 mg/kg) reduced the reflex tracheal constriction. Chlorpromazine and imipramine had no effect on the tracheal constriction induced by the efferent electrical stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This suggests that the higher centers may affect the reflex airway constriction and that the present preparation may be useful for investigating the effect of psychotropic drugs on the reflex airway constriction during asthmatic attacks.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1989

Cytokine-related immunomodulating activities of an anti-tumor glucan, sizofiran (SPG).

Sizofiran (SPG), antitumor glucan isolated from Shizophyllum commune Fries was examined for its effect on the lymphoid cell functions related to production of cytokines or responses to these cytokines. Lymphoid cells were isolated from mice injected intramuscularly with SPG and then examined for responses to the cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2 or IL-3 or the production of these cytokines in response to the stimuli of mitogens, and the following results were obtained. (1) The thymocytes isolated from the SPG-treated mice proliferated in response to stimulation by IL-1 in combination with concanavalin A (ConA) to a much greater degree than was the case with control mice. (2) When the spleen cells isolated from the mice were cultured with IL-2 or IL-3, augmented proliferative response was observed in either case. (3) Peritoneal macrophages, when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), produced IL-1 to the levels much higher than those of control mice. (4) When the spleen cells were cultured with ConA, augmented production of IL-2 and IL-3 were also observed. (5) In addition, we found that activity stimulating the bone marrow cells in vitro culture was reproducibly detected in the serum of mice 20 h after injection with SPG. Overall, these results indicate that SPG injected into mice has the ability to produce the bone marrow stimulating factor(s) in the serum early after injection and stimulate lymphoid cells to become much more responsive to various stimuli such as lectins or cytokines.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Influence of carotid chemoreceptors on the vagal reflex-induced tracheal constriction.

In this study, the effects of carotid chemoreceptors on reflex tracheal constriction were investigated in anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated mongrel dogs. Reflex tracheal constriction was measured as changes in the intratracheal pressure of an air-filled balloon introduced into the rostral side of the transected trachea. A hypoxic condition was produced by ventilating the dog with 12% O2-88% N2. The reflex tracheal constriction induced by histamine inhalation to the bronchial side was reduced by section of the bilateral sinus nerves. The hypoxic condition significantly potentiated the reflex tracheal constriction induced by histamine inhalation. The potentiated reflex tracheal constriction during hypoxia was abolished by section of the bilateral sinus nerves. The afferent electrical stimulation to the central cut end of the vagus nerve caused a reflex tracheal constriction. The reflex tracheal constriction was significantly potentiated by hypoxia, and the potentiating response was abolished by section of the bilateral sinus nerves. The infusion of NaCN into the bilateral carotid arteries significantly potentiated the reflex tracheal constriction. The NaCN-induced potentiating effect was abolished by section of the bilateral sinus nerves. These results suggest that hypoxia potentiates the vagal reflex-induced tracheal constriction and that the hypoxia-induced potentiating effects may be mediated by carotid chemoreceptors.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Induction of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived hepatocyte stimulating factor and effects on alpha 2-macroglobulin synthesis.

We investigated the kinetics of production of the hepatocyte stimulating factor (HSF) by peritoneal exudate- and peripheral circulating blood-polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs). Effects of the HSFs on alpha-2-macroglobulin (a2M) synthesis and a2M specific gene expression in primary cultured adult rat hepatocytes were also examined. Peritoneal exudate-PMNLs were collected 3 hr after the injection of alkaline-denatured casein into the peritoneal cavity of rats. Secretion of HSF into the culture medium began within 15 min after the start of incubation and practically a full secretion was noted within 3 hr. Lipopolysaccharide or other agents were not required to induce HSF from the PMNLs. Inhibitors of protein or DNA synthesis, cycloheximide, actinomycin D or puromycin, did not inhibit the secretion of HSF by rat PMNLs thereby suggesting that preformed and pooled HSF in the PMNLs was secreted during incubation. Peripheral circulating blood-PMNLs collected from a healthy man did not secrete HSF, in the absence of stimulation but did secrete HSF after vigorous agitation during incubation at 37 degrees C. The PMNL-HSF induced the synthesis of a2M and the accumulation of a2M mRNA in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. However, the effect was evident only with dexamethasone present in the culture medium. Furthermore, the effects of the PMNL-HSFs on a2M and albumin protein synthesis were reciprocal: The PMNL-HSF induced a2M synthesis, whereas it suppressed albumin synthesis.

Albumins↗
PubMed1989

[Mucin-producing signet ring cell carcinoma of stomach accompanied by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation: a case report].

Diffuse bone marrow metastasis of carcinoma sometimes accompanies microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MHA) which is characteristic with red cell fragmentation. We report on a 56-year-old male case of signet ring cell type gastric carcinoma complicated with MHA and DIC. Bone marrow aspiration disclosed the metastasis of carcinoma cells. However, no other distant metastasis was evident by pathological studies of autopsy samples.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1989

High plasma levels of cortisol in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

Plasma cortisol levels and other factors including thyroid hormone in patients with Alzheimer's type (n = 10), vascular type (n = 10) or mixed type (n = 10) senile dementia were compared with those in non-demented senile controls (n = 10). Plasma cortisol levels at 8:00 a.m. in Alzheimer's type dementia and mixed type dementia were 17.3 +/- 4.3 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD) and 15.6 +/- 2.3 micrograms/dl, respectively. These values were significantly higher (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.01) than those found in the control subjects (12.0 +/- 3.1 micrograms/dl). Plasma cortisol levels in vascular-type dementia (14.4 +/- 6.3 micrograms/dl) did not differ significantly from those in the controls. Plasma ACTH in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type was lower, but not significant as compared with that in normal controls. In three subgroups of senile dementia and normal controls, plasma cortisol levels inversely correlated significantly with the degree of cognitive function. Plasma levels in TSH-thyroid system and blood pressure did not show any significant change in three types of senile dementia. These data suggest that senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type accompanies relatively and primarily high plasma cortisol levels and this may associate with cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's type senile dementia.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1989

[A correlation between the abilities of tumor cells to produce GM-CSF and form metastasis].

Nearly a half of murine transplantable tumor cells upon in vitro culture were found to produce granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor-(GM-CSF) in the cultured fluids and express its mRNA in the cell. Tumor cells producing GM-CSF and expressing its mRNA in culture, when inoculated intramuscularly in the syngenic mice, developed severe metastasis with large tumor nodules in the lung and lymph nodes, whereas those producing no GM-CSF developed no visible metastatic nodules. With a possible mechanism involved in this intimate correlation between the production of GM-CSF and tumor metastasis, a role of GM-CSF as an autocrine growth factor in tumor growth and an immunopathological effect of GM-CSF on microenvironment of tumor cells in the metastatic tissues were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A clinical evaluation of the indications and utility of percutaneous gallbladder drainage].

Percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGD) was performed in 78 patients with diseases of the bile duct system and pancreas, including 48 patients with acute cholecystitis. The procedure was utilized for the treatment of acute inflammation and obstructive jaundice, and this study was initiated to evaluate its utility and the potential indications. Following PGD, the inflammatory changes improved, and the clinical symptoms subsided, especially in cases of acute cholecystitis, in which it appears to have an excellent therapeutic value. Compared to cases of acute cholecystitis treated without PGD and used as controls, the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings and ultrasonographic findings were evaluated. Ultrasonographic findings, including signs of gallbladder swelling, thickening of the gallbladder wall, and as sonolucent layer in the wall were shown to be useful as positive indicators for the use of PGD. PGD also effective in cases of acute cholangitis, and cases of obstructive jaundice in which therapy was difficult using other bile drainage methods. PGD was also useful in establishing a visualization of the gallbladder and for cytological sampling of the bile in cases with negative cholecystography.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of colorectal carcinomas detected by mass screening].

In order to evaluate effectiveness of mass screening for the detection of a colorectal carcinoma, 60 patients with a colorectal carcinoma that had been detected by fecal occult blood tests (mass screened group) were compared to 119 patients who were voluntarily diagnosed at an out-patient clinic (control group), and the following results were obtained. The site of carcinoma as being at the rectum in the mass screened group was rarely initially detected when compared to the control group. The frequency of an early stage carcinoma was 53.3% in the mass group and 17.6% in the control group. Twenty-three of the 60 patients in the mass group received an endoscopic polypectomy, and 8 patients of these also were surgically treated for a bowel resection. Curative treatment was performed on 91.8% of the patients in the mass group and 81.5% in the control group. These results indicate that the mass screening using the fecal occult blood test is effective for a reduction in the mortality rate from colorectal carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

A 3,3',5-triiodothyronine autoantibody (IgG, lambda) in a case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

A 19-year-old Japanese woman with Hashimoto's thyroiditis appeared to be hypothyroid by clinical and laboratory criteria. However, the serum levels of total T3 and free T3 as measured by solid-phase radioimmunoassay were not compatible with the clinical features and other laboratory data, therefore the presence of serum T3 autoantibodies was suspected. Gel filtration analysis (Sephacryl S-300) of acid-treated serum trace-labeled with 125I-T3 revealed binding to high and intermediate molecular fractions, indicating that the T3 binding autoantibody may have been IgM and IgG. The antibody, however, was identified as IgG class and lambda type by immunoprecipitation and immunoelectrophoresis/autoradiography. The T3 binding autoantibody did not show antigenic cross-reactivity with T4 as far as we know from experiments. The affinity and the binding capacity of the antibody for T3 were estimated 6.4 X 10(6) l/mol and 9.1 X 10(-9) mol/l, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Production of colony-stimulating factor by tumor cells and the factor-mediated induction of suppressor cells.

Spleen mononuclear cells of C3H/HeN mice were cultivated with mitomycin C-treated tumor cells, X5563, MH134, MM48, MM46, and FM3A/R, all of which were of syngeneic origin, in a medium containing normal syngeneic mouse serum but not FCS. There was a proliferative response to X5563, MH134, and MM48, but not to the two other tumor cells, MM46 and FM3A/R. The responder spleen cells were found to be nonadherent cells with a phenotype of Thy-1-L3T4-Lyt2-Ig-Macl-, which were neither mature T and B cells nor mature macrophage/granulocytes. It was also found that the proliferation of these nonadherent no-marker cells was mediated by tumor cell-derived soluble factors but not by direct stimulation with tumor cells. The responsible factor was a molecule(s) with a Mr of 23 to 25 kDa, which had a CSF activity inducing granulocyte (G)-, macrophage (M)- and G + M-colonies in the bone marrow cells. Neutralization tests of this factor-induced proliferation of spleen cells revealed that a major part of the factor may be GM-CSF or a molecule closely related to it. Incubation of spleen mononuclear cells with these GM-CSF-like tumor cell factors resulted in induction of myeloblastic/promyelocytic cells with a phenotype of Mac-1+2+Ia+ Thy-1-L3T4-Lyt2-Ig- in the spleen cell cultures, which could suppress mitogenic responses of the spleen cells to T and B cell mitogens. GM-CSF-like activity could also be detected in the serum of mice bearing X5563, MH134, and MM48, but not in those bearing MM46 and FM3A/R. Subcutaneous inoculation of C3H/HeN mice with these X5563, MH134, and MM48 tumor cells generated massive metastasis in the lung and lymph nodes, whereas MM46 and FM3A/R produced no macroscopic tumor cell metastasis. These results strongly suggest the possibility that in some tumor cell-host systems, a GM-CSF-like factor(s) produced constitutively by the tumor cells may play an important role in the development of tumor metastasis, mediating through suppression of lymphoid tissues of the host.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Amino acid sequence of guinea pig liver transglutaminase from its cDNA sequence.

Transglutaminases (EC 2.3.2.13) catalyze the formation of epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-links and the substitution of a variety of primary amines for the gamma-carboxamide groups of protein-bound glutaminyl residues. These enzymes are involved in many biological phenomena. In this paper, the complete amino acid sequence of guinea pig liver transglutaminase, a typical tissue-type nonzymogenic transglutaminase, was predicted by the cloning and sequence analysis of DNA complementary to its mRNA. The cDNA clones carrying the sequences for the 5'- and 3'-end regions of mRNA were obtained by use of the sequence of the partial-length cDNA of guinea pig liver transglutaminase [Ikura, K., Nasu, T., Yokota, H., Sasaki, R., & Chiba, H. (1987) Agric. Biol. Chem. 51, 957-961]. A total of 3695 bases were identified from sequence data of four overlapping cDNA clones. Northern blot analysis of guinea pig liver poly(A+) RNA showed a single species of mRNA with 3.7-3.8 kilobases, indicating that almost all of the mRNA sequence was analyzed. The composite cDNA sequence contained 68 bases of a 5'-untranslated region, 2073 bases of an open reading frame that encoded 691 amino acids, a stop codon (TAA), 1544 bases of a 3'-noncoding region, and a part of a poly(A) tail (7 bases). The molecular weight of guinea pig liver transglutaminase was calculated to be 76,620 from the amino acid sequence deduced, excluding the initiator Met. This enzyme contained no carbohydrate [Folk, J. E., & Chung, S. I. (1973) Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 38, 109-191], but six potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites were found in the sequence deduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Human Ia-associated invariant chain gene has multiple transcription initiation sites in CLL cells.

We show a northern transfer experiment revealed two mRNA of Ia-associated invariant chain (In) gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells which are approximately 1580 and 1440 nucleotides in length. Primer extension experiment shows that less prominent transcript was found to initiate 140 nucleotides upstream from the major cap site. The newly identified cap site was preceded by CG rich sequence but no typical promotor sequence. Southern hybridization analysis with In cDNA probe indicates no recombination or amplification of In gene in the CLL cells. This is the first documented example of such a mode of expression in malignant cells in vivo.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Lack of evidence for a pyruvate kinase isozyme shift in hepatocytes of the regenerating rat liver.

1. Pyruvate kinase isozyme shift in a regenerating rat liver was studied. Rats were subjected to a 70% hepatectomy and the liver homogenate or hepatocyte preparations were obtained from the regenerating liver. 2. Using thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, liver homogenates from an intact normal rat appeared to contain the L-type isozyme in the greatest number and M2-type to a lesser extent. 3. The ratio of the M2- to L-type increased in the preparations obtained from the regenerating liver. 4. In the hepatocyte preparations prepared from a regenerating rat liver by the conventional method, a small amount of M2-type isozyme was detected. 5. However, the M2-type isozyme was hardly detected in the highly purified hepatocyte preparations prepared using Percoll. 6. Similar results were obtained by separation of the enzyme by DEAE cellulose column chromatography. 7. These results suggest that there is no pyruvate kinase isozyme shift from L- to M2-type in hepatocytes in the course of regeneration. 8. The increased M2-type isozyme in the regenerating rat liver is considered to originate from nonparenchymal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

UGA suppressors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: allelism, action spectra and map positions.

Sixty independent UGA suppressors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been studied. They are dominant and are divided into 16 groups (loci) by recombination. Suppressors representing these loci are divided into two classes by action spectra; four in class 1 (a broad action spectrum) and 12 in class 2 (a narrow action spectrum). Class 1 suppressors are less frequent in terms of not only total number but also number per locus than class 2 suppressors, indicating difference in either or both mutation frequency and selective pressure between suppressors of the two classes. Two of the class 1 suppressors, SUP152 and SUP161, do not recombine with SUP28 and SUP33, leucine-inserting UAA suppressors, respectively, indicating that they are mutations in genes coding for tRNA(Leu)UUA. Of the remaining two class 1 suppressors, SUP160 which causes lethality in the psi+ cytoplasm is mapped on chromosome XV very close to the centromere, and SUP165 on the right arm of chromosome XIV 44 cM distal to lys9. Of the class 2 suppressors, ten do not recombine with one or another of previously known UGA suppressors. The remaining two class 2 suppressors, SUP154 and SUP155, are mapped on the left and right arms of chromosome VII, respectively.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Kupffer cells may autoregulate interleukin 1 production by producing interleukin 1 inhibitor and prostaglandin E2.

Rat Kupffer cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced high levels of interleukin 1 (IL-1), as determined by thymocyte proliferation assay. Indomethacin revealed a dose-dependent augmentation in IL-1 production, in parallel with a dose-dependent reduction in prostaglandin E2 production by Kupffer cells. The addition of exogenous prostaglandin E2, dibutyryl cAMP, or isoproterenol led to a dose-dependent suppression of IL-1 production. The supernatant from LPS-stimulated Kupffer cells also contained factors that inhibited IL-1-induced thymocyte proliferation. Upon gel filtration, two inhibitory peaks, at apparent MW of 27,000 and 6000, were obtained. The latter but not the former fraction also affected interleukin 2 (IL-2)-induced thymocyte proliferation. Increasing amounts of IL-1 overcame the inhibitory activity derived from the 27,000 MW fractions. These results suggest to us that prostaglandin E2 and IL-1 inhibitor released by Kupffer cells may be involved in negative self-control in regulating IL-1 production and its action.

Animals↗