Biomedical subjects

Y Torigoe

Publications and source records attributed to Y Torigoe.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1985

Projections of medial terminal accessory optic nucleus, ventral tegmental nuclei, and substantia nigra of rabbit and rat as studied by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase.

Projections of the medial terminal nucleus (MTN) of the accessory optic system, the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, and the substantia nigra of the rabbit and the rat have been studied by the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. The data show that MTN projections are remarkably similar in the rabbit and rat. The MTN projects heavily to the ipsilateral nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system and to a portion of the contralateral ventral tegmental area of Tsai that we have termed the visual tegmental relay zone (VTRZ). Further, the MTN sends projections to the ipsilateral mesencephalic (deep mesencephalic nucleus, pars medialis) and pontine (nucleus reticularis pontis oralis) reticular formations; the contralateral dorsolateral division of the basal pontine complex; the superior and lateral vestibular nuclei (contralateral in rat; bilateral in rabbit); and the ipsi- and contralateral interstitial nucleus of Cajal, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, and supraoculomotor-periaqueductal gray. The findings also indicate that the MTN has a small bilateral, but mainly ipsilateral, projection to the dorsal cap, its ventrolateral outgrowth, and the B division of the inferior olivary complex. This study further reveals that ventral tegmental nuclei (n. parabrachialis pigmentosus and n. paranigralis) and subdivisions of the substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) project to many brain stem targets of the MTN. Thus, the VTRZ projections are similar to those of the MTN in both distribution and density except that the VTRZ projection to the inferior olive is substantially stronger. The nucleus parabrachialis pigmentosus sends a small contralateral projection to the VTRZ and a moderate-sized bilateral projection to the supraoculomotor-periaqueductal gray. The nucleus paranigralis sends a moderate number of axons to the ipsilateral deep mesencephalic nucleus, pars medialis, and the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis and provides a strong bilateral projection to the supraoculomotor-periaqueductal gray. The pars compacta of the substantia nigra provides a sparse input to the ipsilateral deep mesencephalic nucleus, pars medialis, and nucleus reticularis pontis oralis, and to the contralateral VTRZ and sends a moderate number of axons, bilaterally, to the supraoculomotor-periaqueductal gray. The pars reticulata of the substantia nigra sends an ipsiateral projection of moderate size to the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus, sparse ipsilateral projections to the deep mesencephalic nucleus, pars medialis, and nucleus reticularis pontis oralis, and a sparse bilateral projection to

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Sympathetic preganglionic efferent and afferent neurons mediated by the greater splanchnic nerve in rabbit.

Motion sickness, a multisymptom disorder characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility and emesis, can be induced by vestibular effects on the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system. However, the vestibular-autonomic pathways are unknown. As a first step in the analysis, we identified the locus of preganglionic sympathetic neurons (PSNs) and dorsal root afferent ganglionic neurons (DRGs) which supply sympathetic innervation to major portions of the gastrointestinal tract in the rabbit. Retrograde labeling of neurons was obtained by application of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the cut end of the greater splanchnic nerve. Labeled PSNs were found, ipsilaterally, within the T1 to T11 spinal cord segments, with the highest density of neurons in T6. Most PSNs were located within the intermediolateral column (IML), but a significant portion also occurred within the lateral funiculus (LF), the intercalated region (IC) and the central autonomic area (CA). The proportion of labeling between the four regions depended on the spinal cord segment. In the midthoracic levels, the distribution of labeled neurons was denser in the IML and LF, and in the caudal thoracic segments, the majority were localized in the IC and CA. Labeled cells in these four areas varied morphologically from large fusiform neurons in the IC to small fusiform neurons in the LF, small stellate neurons in the CA, and medium-size stellate neurons in the IML. The DRGs were labeled in thoracic segments T1 to T12, with the majority between T5 and T11. These labeled DRG somata of the greater splanchnic nerve were smaller in comparison with unlabeled ones.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

[Anti-inflammatory activity of the dry distillation tar of delipidated soybean (Glyteer) (1)].

The anti-inflammatory activity of the dry distillation tar of delipidated soybean (GL, 0.1 approximately 10%) was investigated by its topical application to mice, rats and guinea pigs; and the effects were compared with those of betamethasone 17-valerate (BV, 0.12%), ibuprofen (IP, 5%), phenylbutazone (PB, 5%) and flufenamic acid (FA, 5%), which were all prepared with the same ointment base. GL (1 approximately 10%) showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of the increased vascular permeability induced by histamine and bradykinin in guinea pigs. GL significantly inhibited rat paw edema induced by carrageenin, but in serotonin-induced paw edema, GL showed only a weak effect. GL also inhibited the erythema formation induced by ultra-violet rays, and the activity was equal to that of PB. The inhibitory potency of GL against the erythema formation induced by arachidonic acid in guinea pigs was equal to that of IP. It is suggested from these results that the mode of action of GL is similar to that of other acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, GL did not inhibit paper disk granuloma in rats. Furthermore, GL markedly inhibited the delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by picryl chloride, and the activity was stronger than that of IB, PB and FA. Here GL showed the mode of action seen with steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The present data provide evidence that GL applied externally possesses a potent effect as an anti-inflammatory drug.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1984

Pretectal and brain stem projections of the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system of the rabbit and rat as studied by anterograde and retrograde neuronal tracing methods.

The projections of the medial terminal nucleus (MTN) of the accessory optic system have been studied in the rabbit and rat following injection of 3H-leucine or 3H-leucine/3H-proline into the MTN and the charting of the course and terminal distribution of the MTN efferents. The projections of the MTN, as demonstrated autoradiographically, have been confirmed in retrograde transport studies in which horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been injected into nuclei shown in the autoradiographic series to contain fields of terminal axons. The following projections of the MTN have been identified in the rabbit and rat. The largest projection is to the ipsilateral nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus (DTN) of the accessory optic system. Labeled axons course through the midbrain reticular formation and the superior fasiculus, posterior fibers of the accessory optic system, to reach the nucleus of the optic tract and the DTN in both rabbit and rat. Axons also run forward to traverse the lateral thalamus and to distribute to rostral portions of the nucleus of the optic tract in rat only. A second, large projection is to the contralateral dorsolateral portion of the nucleus parabrachialis pigmentosus of the ventral tegmental area together with an adjacent segment of the midbrain reticular formation. The patchy terminal field observed has been named the visual tegmental relay zone (VTRZ). This fiber projection courses within the posterior commissure and along its path to the VTRZ, provides terminals to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal and the nucleus of Darkschewitsch, both bilaterally. A third, large MTN projection distributes ipsilaterally to the deep mesencephalic nucleus, pars medialis, and the oral pontine reticular formation. Further, this projection also supplies input to the medial nucleus of the periaqueductal gray matter, bilaterally in the rabbit and rat, and in the rabbit also to the ipsilateral superior and lateral vestibular nuclei. A fourth projection crosses the midline and courses caudally to reach, contralaterally, the dorsolateral division of the basilar pontine complex and the above nuclei of the vestibular complex. A fifth projection of the MTN utilizes the medial longitudinal fasciiculus to reach the rostral medulla, in which its axons distribute ispilaterally to the dorsal cap, its ventrolateral outgrowth, and the beta nucleus of the inferior olivary complex. There is also a contralateral contingent of this projection that leaves the medial longitudinal fasciculus to innervate a small rostral segment of the contralateral dorsal cap.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Afferent projections to the cerebellar flocculus in the pigmented rat demonstrated by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase.

The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde transport method was used to identify brainstem afferents to the cerebellar flocculus in the pigmented rat. Injections of the enzyme were made through recording microelectrodes, making it possible to localize the injection site by physiological criteria. Clearly, the largest number of afferents arise from the bilateral vestibular and perihypoglossal nuclei and from the contralateral dorsal cap (of Kooy) of the inferior olive. Additionally, a substantial number arise bilaterally from: (1) the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP); (2) several of the cranial motor nuclei including the abducens, retrofacial and facial nuclei and the nucleus ambiguus; (3) the rostral part of the lateral reticular nucleus (subtrigeminal nucleus); (4) the raphe pontis and raphe magnus and (5) neurons intercalated among the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) just rostral to the hypoglossal nucleus and another group rostral to the abducens nucleus. The basilar pontine nuclei contained a large number of lightly labeled neurons in all flocculus injections which were discretely located within the dorsolateral, lateral and medial divisions. These areas were labeled bilaterally but with a slight contralateral preponderance. Injection into the flocculus, but involving the adjacent ventral paraflocculus, produced a heavier labeling of pontine neurons with a slightly different distribution. Therefore, we tentatively conclude that the flocculus receives input from these pontine visual centers (dorsolateral, lateral and medial nuclei), perhaps through collateral projections from neurons projecting to the paraflocculus. The present study demonstrates strong similarities between the rat and other species studied (e.g., rabbit, cat, monkey) in terms of the brainstem nuclei projecting to the flocculus. Most noticeable in quantitative terms are the pathways known to mediate vestibular (vestibular and perihypoglossal nuclei) and visual (optokinetic) information (e.g., NRTP). Additionally, we can provide morphological evidence that the midline and paramedian pontine tegmentum, identified in the cat and monkey as containing saccade-related neurons, send large numbers of projections to the rat flocculus. Given these similarities, the rat may be a suitable animal model in which to study the pathways underlying visual-vestibular interaction and saccadic mechanisms in the flocculus.

Abducens Nerve↗

PubMed1983

First branchial cleft anomaly and congenital aural sinus--a case report.

A case of first branchial cleft anomaly is reported. The case presented classical signs and symptoms and further had a family history of congenital aural sinuses through 3 successive generations. Clinical features of the patient are briefly described and the embryological relationship between first branchial cleft anomaly and congenital aural sinus is discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1983

A bilateral total cleft of lip and hard and soft palate and transverse cleft face with an atypical paramedian defect of the lower lip and lower jaw on the right side. A case report of a new syndrome?

A three-month-old male baby who has a complete bilateral cleft of the lip and hard and soft palate, and a right unilateral transverse facial cleft, with an atypical paramedian defect of the lower lip and jaw is reported in detail. As these associated malformations are very rare, it may represent a new dysmorphic syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1983