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Biomedical subjects

Y Tomoda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Tomoda.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

A prospective study on the relationship between intrapartum maternal group-B streptococcal concentration and signs of infection in neonates.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine the effects of intrapartum vaginal Group-B streptococcal (GBS) colonization on neonatal signs of infection. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a quantitative GBS culture of vaginal specimens in 1,280 pregnancies within 24 hours before delivery and examined signs of neonatal infection within 48 hours after birth. Among them, 287 pregnant women had premature ruptures of membranes. RESULTS: The rate of vaginal GBS colonization in groups with and without ruptured membranes was 22.0% and 11.3%, respectively. The incidence of neonates with signs of infection born to GBS-carrier women in each group was 28.6% and 8.8%, respectively. There were significant differences between the groups with regard to both the rate of colonization and the incidence of infection. Signs of neonatal infection increased in proportion to the maternal GBS concentration only in women with ruptured membranes. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there is an important association between maternal GBS concentration and mild neonatal infections after birth, especially in women with premature ruptures of membranes.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Successful pregnancy after intracytoplasmic injection of a single testicular spermatozoon into a human oocyte: a case report.

Testicular sperm was retrieved from a man with an epididymal obstruction, and an intracytoplasmic sperm injection was made into his wife's oocytes. In 4 mature oocytes treated, 2 fertilized eggs were obtained, and a clinical pregnancy was established with embryo transfers. Our experience demonstrated the possibility of fertilization and conception with testicular sperm.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Possible effects of placental leucine aminopeptidase on the regulation of brain-gut hormones in the fetoplacental unit.

The hydrolysis of somatostatin by human placental subcellular fractions and pregnancy sera was studied in the presence of selective inhibitors and the antibody against pregnancy serum oxytocinase (placental leucine aminopeptidase; EC3.4.11.3) by measuring the released amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography. We also studied the degradation of other brain-gut hormones, such as glucagon, growth hormone, growth hormone releasing factor, and insulin, in the human placenta and found that the human placenta degrades somatostatin, glucagon, and growth hormone releasing factor, but not insulin and growth hormone. The degradation velocity of somatostatin was ten times greater than that of growth hormone releasing factor in placental microsomal fractions. Our data suggest that the stimulatory control by growth hormone releasing factor is dominant in the fetal growth hormone secretion. Our data also identified the somatostatin-degrading protease in human placenta using placental leucine aminopeptidase. It is known that the mean somatostatin levels in the umbilical artery are about 2.5-fold higher than those in the umbilical vein. Our data on somatostatin levels in umbilical artery and vein of intrauterine growth retardation human fetuses showed that the ratio umbilical artery/vein is around 1. Since insulin is known to be the primary hormone regulating the ratio of fetal growth, our data suggest that the degradation of somatostatin in the placenta is decreased and that elongation of somatostatin effects may result in the inhibition of insulin secretion in the intrauterine growth retardation fetus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Effects of the mutations (Trp8 --> Arg and Ile15 --> Thr) in human luteinizing hormone (LH) beta-subunit on LH bioactivity in vitro and in vivo.

The mutations (Trp8 --> Arg and Ile15 --> Thr) in the human LHbeta -subunit caused by nucleotide point mutations in the LHbeta gene were reported in women with immunologically anomalous LH and menstrual disorders. To estimate the effects of the mutations on LH bioactivity in vitro and in vivo, we constructed a LHbeta gene containing this nucleotide mutation in each site or in both sites by site- directed mutagenesis and analyzed the bioactivities of the mutant LH expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Although no alterations were noted in the receptor-binding activity of LH due to the mutations, the LHs containing the mutations at Trp8 --> Arg and at both sites in the beta-subunit showed a higher biopotency of progesterone production in vitro. The clearance rate from the circulation was faster in vivo in all mutant LHs, which were induced primarily by the mutation at Trp8 --> Arg. However, the mutations did not affect the ability of LH to induce ovulation in vivo. These results indicate that LH consisting of the mutant beta-subunit exhibits hyperbioactivity on steroidogenesis and has a short turnover rate. This may affect the endocrine pathway among women with the mutant LH and lead to menstrual disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis and release of glycosylated prolactin in transfected cells with human prolactin complementary deoxyribonucleic acid.

To analyze how the synthesis and release of glycosylated PRL (G-PRL) is regulated, we transfected human PRL complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) into three different cell lines consisting of GH3 cells that originated in rat pituitary tissue, Chinese hamster ovary cells, and COS-1 cells generated from monkey renal tissue. 35S-labeled PRLs produced by the cells were immunoprecipitated with anti-human PRL antiserum, and the ratios of G-PRL to total PRL were compared. PRLs of 23 kDa and 25 kDa were detected in the cell lysate and medium. The 25-kDa PRL was confirmed to be a glycosylated form by endoglycosidase treatments. The ratios of G-PRL/total PRL were 0.17-0.33, which were similar in lysates and media and among different cell lines. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the autonomaous secretion rates of G-PRL and non-glycosylated PRL were almost identical. These results indicate that synthesis and secretion kinetics of human PRL may not be affected by its glycosylation in the cells transfected with PRL cDNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Direct effects of estradiol and tamoxifen on gene expressions of inhibit alpha- and beta A-subunits in rat granulosa cells in vitro.

To analyze direct effects of estrogen on gene expressions of inhibin subunits in vitro, the mRNA levels of inhibin alpha- and beta A-subunits were measured in rat granulosa cells cultured with FSH or estradiol. Through the culture process of the granulosa cells with serum-free medium, both the alpha- and beta A subunit mRNAs decreased, and were partially increased again by adding FSH to the culture medium. To examine whether these FSH effects are mediated via estrogen production, estradiol or tamoxifen was added to the cultured granulosa cells. After 36-h culture with estradiol, the inhibin alpha-subunit decreased but the inhibin beta A-subunit increased, in a dose-responsive manner. Tamoxifen showed completely opposite effects to estradiol, and a combination of estradiol and tamoxifen resulted in similar levels of inhibin-alpha and -beta A mRNAs to the control. These results indicate that estrogen would by a certain pathway affect gene expressions of the inhibin subunits in the rat granulosa cells, and may regulate the production of inhibin and activin through the paracrine system.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Trophoblast cell monolayers on polycarbonate membranes as a preparative approach for studies of transcellular transport.

To investigate mechanisms of transplacental transfer, the trophoblast-derived cells were cultured on a polycarbonate membrane with 0.4 micron pores and medium on each side. The cells could form microscopically continuous cellular sheets over Transwell polycarbonate membranes. Permeability studies suggested however that the cell layer possesses a significant leak that must be controlled for. The results indicate that the transfer of substances through lateral intercellular spaces must be considered when studies of trans-trophoblast transfer are performed using cell monolayers.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1996

Does epididymal length in men with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens have a correlation with the fertilization rate of epididymal sperm retrieved by micropuncture technique?

To investigate whether the variable length of the epididymis in men with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) might have a correlation with fertilization and pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, we conducted a retrospective study involving a total of 60 CBAVD patients. All patients in this study had epididymal micropuncture in conjunction with perivascular nerve stimulation as part of the IVF program at the Nagoya University Hospital Reproduction Center. The patients were classified into 3 groups: group I consisted of patients having only a proximal portion of the caput epididymidis with a length of between 0.5 and 1.9 cm, group II consisted of patients with the caput and a portion of the corpus epididymidis with a length of between 2.0 and 4.0 cm, and group III consisted of patients with the caput, corpus and cauda of the epididymis measuring more than 4.0 cm. There were no differences in the sperm count, progression and normal morphology among the 3 groups; however, the motility was progressively higher in patients with a longer epididymis (12% in group 1, 18% in group II and 31% in group III). It was evident that group III showed the highest fertilization and pregnancy rate per patient (23% and 28%, respectively) among the 3 groups. This study shows that epididymal sperm from CBAVD patients with a longer epididymis have a higher IVF rate than CBAVD patients with a shorter epididymis.

Epididymis↗
PubMed1996

Effects of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone on growth-factor-induced proliferation and migration in human female aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: The significantly low prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women has been noted, and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with protection from this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of estrogen and progestin on growth-factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration in vitro. METHODS: Two cell lines of human female aortic smooth muscle cells (AOSMCs) were used for the study. DNA synthesis was evaluated by [3H]thymidine incorporation into cells. Migration assay was performed using modified Boyden chambers. RESULTS: The presence of estrogen receptors was determined by Western and Northern blot analyses. [3H]Thymidine incorporation into AOSMCs was induced by 10 ng/ml EGF alone, the combination of 10 ng/ml EGF with 2 ng/ml b-FGF-induced and 1 nM PDGF-BB alone. Migration of AOSMCs was induced by PDGF-BB. Since 17 beta-estradiol (E2, 10(-9) M approximately 10(-6) M) inhibited the [3H]thymidine incorporation into AOSMCs stimulated by above mitogens and the 1 nM PDGF-BB-induced AOSMC migration in a dose-dependent manner, estrone (E1), estriol (E3) and progesterone (P) had no significant effects. The combination of P (10(-9) M approximately 10(-6) M) did not show any effect on these inhibitory effects of 10(-7) M E2. Preincubation of AOSMCs with the anti-estrogenic agent, tamoxifen (10(-6) M), significantly antagonized these inhibitory effects of 10(-7) M E2. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of E2 on VSMC proliferation and migration might be one of the factors involved in the decreased incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women and postmenopausal HRT, and P might not affect these estrogenic responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of extracellular matrix-degrading proteinase and its inhibitor in gynecologic cancer tissues with clinically different metastatic form.

BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a comparison study of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) activities in clinically different metastatic types of ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer tissues. METHODS: Gelatinase activity in culture medium obtained from each cancer tissue was detected by zymography and was quantitated by densitometer. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 activity was measured in culture medium by the human TIMP-1 enzyme immunoassay kit. RESULTS: Six dominant gelatinases were detected in ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers: 200-kDa; 130-kDa; 92-kDa (MMP-9); 83-kDa, which is an active form of 92-kDa gelatinase; 72-kDa (MMP-2); and 66-kDa gelatinase, which is an active form of 72-kDa gelatinase. The 92-kDa and 72-kDa gelatinolytic bands were present in all samples. The expression rates of 200-, 130-, and 83-kDa gelatinase in endometrial cancer and cervical cancer tissues were higher than that observed in ovarian cancer tissue. Densitometric analysis showed that the 92-kDa/72-kDa ratio was significantly higher in cervical cancer tissue than in ovarian and endometrial cancer tissues (P < 0.05), and the 66-kDa/72-kDa ratio was significantly higher in endometrial cancer tissue than in ovarian cancer tissue (P < 0.01). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 activity was significantly lower in cervical cancer tissue than in ovarian and endometrial cancer tissues (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results reflect the difference of metastatic forms and are indicative of the possibility of the strong relationship to MMP activity in the invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, compared with those of ovarian cancer.

Collagenases↗
PubMed1995

Initiating and responsible enzyme of arginine vasopressin degradation in human placenta and pregnancy serum.

The hydrolysis of arginine vasopressin (AVP) by human placental subcellular fractions and pregnancy sera was studied in the presence of selective inhibitors and the antibody against pregnancy serum oxytocinase (P-LAP) (EC 3.4.11.3) by measuring liberated amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AVP degradation by placental subcellular fractions and pregnancy sera was inhibited by bestatin. The IC50 values of bestatin on AVP degradation by placental subcellular fractions and pregnancy sera were similar to that of this inhibitor on the P-LAP measured by L-Leu-p-nitroamnilide as a substrate (LAP activity), which we reported previously. Our immunotitration study clearly showed that the initiating and responsible protease in AVP degradation in human placenta and pregnancy serum is P-LAP. Since N-benzylcarbonyl-valyl-prolinal (Z-Val-prolinal), a selective inhibitor of post-proline endopeptidase, and phosphoramidon, a putative endopeptidase-24.11 inhibitor, could not significantly influence the degradation of AVP by placental microsomal fractions. Neither enzyme seems to be actively involved in AVP degradation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Effect of KN-62, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor, on adriamycin resistance of human ovarian cancer cells.

We examined effects of an isoquinolinesulfonamide derivative, KN-62, on human ovarian cancer cells, NOS3AR, that are resistant to Adriamycin (ADR). MTT assay revealed that 10 microM KN-62 overcame the resistance. KN-62 had little effect on GST activity. In studies on the intracellular accumulation of ADR, KN-62 increased the ADR contents in the resistant cells close to the level seen in the sensitive cells. These results suggest that the reversal of the resistance against ADR in ovarian cancer cells by KN-62 is mainly due to higher accumulation of ADR in NOS3AR cells. Furthermore, we detected Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) in NOS3AR cells since KN-62 is a specific inhibitor of the kinase. In this paper, we discussed on modulation of ADR-resistance by KN-62.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1995

Regulatory role of gamma delta T cells in uterine intraepithelial lymphocytes in maternal antifetal immune response.

To elucidate the potential roles of the gamma delta T cells in uterine intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the regulation of maternal antifetal immune response during pregnancy, we examined the kinetics and function of gamma delta T cells in uterine IEL obtained from (C3H/He x AKR/J) pregnancy. The number of gamma delta T cells increased in the uterine IEL in (C3H/HexAKR/J) pregnancy more than those in (C3H/HexC3H/He) pregnancy and much more than in nonpregnant C3H/He mice. The uterine IEL in (C3H/HexC3H/He) pregnancy significantly proliferated in response to AKR/J stimulator cells. In contrast, the uterine IEL in (C3H/HexAKR/J) pregnancy showed little, if any, proliferation in response to the same stimulator cells. gamma delta T cell depletion from the uterine IEL in (C3H/HexAKR/J) pregnancy restored their responsiveness against AKR/J stimulator cells. Both gamma delta T cell-enriched fraction and alpha beta T cell-depleted fraction, but neither gamma delta T cell-depleted fraction nor alpha beta T cell-enriched fraction in the uterine IEL exhibited suppressive activity against allogeneic responses of nonpregnant C3H/He LN cells. This suppressive activity was shown by transferring the supernatant of culture medium in the uterine IEL stimulated with AKR/J cells that contained a large amount of TGF-beta, and the suppressive activity was significantly blocked by addition of anti-TGF-beta mAb to the culture. Taken together, our results suggest that gamma delta T cells in the uterine IEL suppress the maternal antifetal immune response at the maternal-fetal interface at least in part through TGF-beta production to prevent a rejection of the fetus.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Association of human leukocyte antigen-B1*03 with cervical cancer in Japanese women aged 35 years and younger.

BACKGROUND: An association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQw3 alleles with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix has been reported in some European populations, but the significance of HLA-DQw3 has not been examined in other populations to the authors' knowledge. The interaction between HLA-DQw3 and human papillomavirus (HPV) in SCC remains to be clarified. METHODS: To elucidate the association of HLA-DQ alleles with SCC of the cervix, DNA samples extracted from blood lymphocytes of 23 patients with SCC were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for the DQB1 genes, and then, each HLA-DQB1 genotype was defined by digestion with restriction enzymes. Human papillomavirus typing also was performed in all cases by PCR, using specific primers for the E6 regions of cancer-associated HPV types (HPV 16, 18 and 33). RESULTS: Twenty patients (87%) carried a DQB1 gene-encoding HLA-DQw3, compared with 49.4% Japanese control subjects in the International Histocompatibility Workshop panel (P = 0.0003). Human papillomavirus 16 or HPV 18 DNA was detected in 86% of the patients. In 13 of the patients with invasive carcinoma with HPV, a high incidence of not only HLA-DQw3 but also of HLA-DQw1 was observed compared with that in control subjects (P = 0.0019, P = 0.047, respectively). The correlation between DQB1*03 alleles and HPV infection was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The frequency of HLA-DQw3 alleles was higher in the authors' patient group than in the control group, suggesting that the HLA-DQw3 molecules may influence the development of SCC of the cervix in young Japanese women. In the patients with HPV-positive invasive carcinoma, the association with HLA-DQw1 molecules suggested that it also may influence the progression of SCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prognostic evaluation of lymphadenectomy for epithelial ovarian cancer.

Between 1989 and 1991, 150 patients with ovarian cancer were treated with chemotherapy, including cisplatin, in the Tokai Ovarian Tumor Study Group. Of these patients, 25 underwent cytoreductive surgery with lymphadenectomy, including removal of either pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes, and 36 underwent both lymphadenectomies. A significant difference was observed between survival curves of the groups with positive and negative lymph nodes, respectively (P = 0.0049). The overall survival was longer in the lymphadenectomy group than in the nonlymphadenectomy group (P = 0.0842), and a significantly longer survival time was noted for stage III patients who underwent lymphadenectomy compared with those who did not (P = 0.0185). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that lymphadenectomy is a positive prognostic factor. The authors conclude that both pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes should be resected to improve survival as well as to assess exact staging in patients with ovarian cancer.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma in one ovary and gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma and yolk sac tumor in the contralateral ovary in a girl with 46XX karyotype.

A case of gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma in the left ovary and gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma and yolk sac tumor in the right of a 10-year-old girl is reported. Her karyotype was 46XX, normal female type. A case of a gonadoblastoma without a Y chromosome is very rare. Furthermore, the prognosis for gonadoblastoma accompanied by germ cell tumors other than dysgerminoma was very poor in the past, but the patient remains well 25 months after the first operation.

Child↗