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Biomedical subjects

Y Tomaru

Publications and source records attributed to Y Tomaru.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Age estimation from tooth attritions of lower incisors--discussion on the "Amano's method"].

As a method of age estimation from teeth we focused our attention on attritions of lower incisors. Using the Amano's method, we took records of tooth attritions in the planted state of 83 subjects whose ages ranged from 14 to 76 years. A positive correlationship was found to exist between the tooth attrition index and the actual age, allowing to establish the following formula which graphically shows a straight line: Y = 8.505X + 26.073 (r = 0.607), where X is the mean of attrition indexes of lower incisors and Y, the estimated age. In our method of age estimation through attrition indexes, we took advantage of probability and confidence interval. In addition, our method was contrasted with Amano's method, a widely used one in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Age-associated increase in amount of DNA adducts in rat and human organs and its application to age estimation].

An age-associated increase of I-compounds, kinds of DNA adducts, was investigated in DNA extracts from various organs of rat and human for the possible application of it to the age estimation in legal medicine. Detection and relative quantitation of the I-compounds were made by 32P-postlabeling assay which is commonly used for analyzing DNA-adducts. In rats which were from 4 to 69 weeks old, the positive correlation was observed between age and relative I-compound level. A coefficient of correlation ranged from 0.906 to 0.435; the highest was that of the kidney and the lowest was that of the liver. Similar correlation was observed in the human aged from 18 to 79 years old (n = 22-24). A coefficient of correlation ranged from 0.700 to 0.415; the highest, the kidney and the lowest the liver, although coefficients of correlation in human were approximately 10-20% lower than those in rats. In spite of the fact that there were many considerable factors that affect to the amount of the I-compound, for example, various circumstances until death, diets, diseases and causes of death, those results in human encouraged us to estimate age from soft tissues. The regression lines of every organs obtained in this study (heart: Y = 44.018X + 28.527, standard error of estimate (S.E.) = 13.40, liver: Y = 88.099X + 23.833, S.E. = 13.76, kidney: Y = 218.029X + 3.263, S.E. = 12.14, brain: Y = 105.626X + 21.697, S.E. = 11.82, lung: Y = 36.838X + 26.891, S.E. = 12.94) enabled us to estimate age. The author found that this method was sufficiently useful even in comparison with previous methods for the age estimation from soft tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical evaluation of Augpenin (clavulanic acid-ticarcillin) in urinary tract infections: especially against beta-lactamase producing strains].

Augpenin contains ticarcillin (TIPC) and clavulanic acid (CVA), at a ratio of 15:1. The beta-lactamase inhibitor, CVA, has been added to protect the TIPC from inactivation by beta-lactamase. To investigate the drug efficacy and safety against urinary tract infections (UTI), Augpenin was administered to 33 patients with chronic complicated UTI and 7 patients with acute pyelonephritis. Thirty two cases were evaluable by the UTI criteria. Excellent results were obtained in 6 of the cases of acute pyelonephritis, and moderate results in 1 case, with an overall effectiveness rate of 100%. Excellent results were obtained in 14 of the cases of chronic complicated UTI, moderate results in 9 cases, and poor results in 2 cases, with an overall effectiveness rate of 92%. No adverse reactions were noted, but a transient elevation of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels was observed in 2 cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Significance of a new stratification of alkaline phosphatase and extent of disease in patients with prostate carcinoma with bone metastasis.

Bone is the most frequent site of metastatic prostate cancer and the prognosis of patients with bone metastasis is poor. The authors have investigated a semiquantitative system to evaluate bone metastatic lesions in terms of cancer-specific survival. Based on the extension of disease (EOD) grade proposed by Soloway and associates, a new EOD grading system obtained from bone scintigraphy alone and EOD score obtained from bone scintigraphy and alkaline phosphatase was studied in 164 patients with prostate cancer with metastatic bone involvement. In terms of a cancer-specific survival and prostate cancer death, both the new EOD grade and the EOD score were apparently superior to eight other items studied (age, medical score, gait disturbance, histologic grade, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, prostatic acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase). Multivariate analysis revealed that the EOD score was better than the new EOD grade. This improvement was due to the elimination of false-positive or nonactive metastatic bone lesions on bone scintigraphy through the alkaline phosphatase evaluation.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Significance of prostatic specific antigen in the mass screening for prostate cancer].

The significance of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) was investigated in the subjects examined by the mass screening for prostate cancer from 1985 to 1990. All subjects was examined by digital rectal examination (DRE) and with prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and the subjects in whom prostate cancer (Pca) was suspected from abnormal DRE and/or elevated PAP were recommended to receive the secondary screening to confirm the presence of Pca. PSA was measured by radioimmunoassay using Ball-Elsa-PSA-kit. 1,600 serum samples were obtained from our serum bank. The relationship among PSA, prostate size estimated by DRE and age was investigated. PSA was increased with age and the prostate size, PSA being more closely related with the latter. Therefore, we estimated that PSA has an ability to detect benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) in the mass screening. This estimation should be confirmed by using an ultrasound tomography because the prostate size obtained by DRE is inaccurate as compared with that obtained by ultrasound tomography. The cut off level of PSA was determined by control which was composed from the subjects with normal size prostate and one with BPH. When the cut off level was 8.6 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity and efficiency as Pca marker was 73.9%, 97.4% and 97.1%, respectively. PSA was more than 8.6 ng/ml in all of Pca with elevated PAP. PSA was expected to improve the Pca detection rate in our mass screening system.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Prostatic specific antigen (PA) in mass screening for prostate cancer].

The usefulness of prostatic specific antigen (PA) was compared with that of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). PA was determined in the serum of 2,183 patient examined by the mass screening for prostate cancer from 1987 to 1990. The serum samples of these patients were obtained from our serum bank. PA was measured by the E test "TOSOH" II (PA). The relationship of PA and PAP to prostate size estimated by digital rectal examination (DRE) and ultrasound tomography (US), and age was investigated. PA and PAP correlated with aging and prostate size estimated by DRE. However PA was more apparently related with these things. The correlation between PA and prostatic size estimated by US was relatively high (r = 0.53), but the correlation between PAP and prostate size estimated by US was low (r = 0.20). When the upper limit of normal range was set at 6.0 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity and efficiency was 64%, 97% and 62%, respectively. PA was more sensitive than PAP and could be more useful since none of the patients with prostate cancer was PAP positive and PA negative. We conclude that PA should be a reliable tumor marker in our mass screening system.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Radioimmunoassays for melatonin using an antiserum raised against a novel antigen.

The highly specific antiserum to melatonin (MT) was produced, and the sensitivity and specificity of the radioimmunoassays (RIAs) using this antiserum was investigated. An immunogen was synthesized by binding 6-hydroxy-melatonin (6-OH-MT) to bovine serum albumin with a spacer of 6-bromohexanoic acid ethyl ester. Rabbits were immunized subcutaneously once a month with 1.0 mg of the immunogen for 7 months. The antiserum was characterized by a crossreactivity test by RIA using 125I-labelled MT. The antiserum specifically recognized MT but hardly did other analogues except for 6-OH-MT with a crossreactivity of only 0.4%. Two RIAs were established using [o-methyl-3H]MT and 2-[125I]iodo MT. In both RIAs, inhibition curves for MT were obtained in the range of 10 pg to 10 ng and 1-2 ng of MT inhibited the value of the assay at "0" by half. The similarity of the RIAs in sensitivity and inhibition by unlabelled MT is discussed on the basis of the structures of radioactive MTs and that of the immunogen.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A comparative study of diazepam levels in bone marrow versus serum, saliva and brain tissue.

The distribution of diazepam in biological fluids and tissues of rats was examined 1, 2, 4 and 8 h after intraperitoneal administration by using a radioimmunoassay with specific anti-diazepam antibody. The diazepam levels in serum, saliva, brain and bone marrow decreased over a period of 2 h and levelled off 4 h after administration. The diazepam concentration in bone marrow was much higher than in serum, saliva and brain, suggesting an accumulation of diazepam in this tissue. This indicates that bone marrow could be a very useful material for the detection of diazepam in skeletonized remains. The diazepam concentrations in bone marrow, serum, saliva and brain showed a linear relationship (r = 0.860-0.997), indicating that a valid estimate of diazepam concentration in blood can be made from bone marrow samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Voiding disturbance in elderly males examined by prostate mass screening. Gunma Urological Oncology Study Group].

Information about voiding disturbance was obtained from 34,140 elderly males in Gunma Aged Club Association (Q group) through a questionnaire and from 8,129 males by prostate mass screening for prostate disease (MS group) as to: (1) the characteristics of the subjects examined by the mass screening, (2) the relationship between the voiding disturbance and aging and (3) the frequency of voiding disturbance in the normal elderly males. In MS group, the percentage of young subjects, especially less than 60 years old, who complained voiding disturbance was higher than the expected percentage on the assumption that it increases with aging. The percentage of voiding disturbance in these young subjects was also higher than that of males in the same decade in Q group. In their past and present history, the percentage of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) in these young subjects was higher than the expected percentage on the assumption that the incidence of BPH increases with aging. Judging from these results, it was estimated that they were not satisfied with the medical care by which they were treated or were being treated, and they received this mass screening to obtain consultation for their complains. Loss of the force was related with the prostate size estimated by digital rectal examination but not with aging. However, nocturia was well related with aging but not with the prostate size. Hesitancy, strain and dribbling were not apparently related with either the prostate size or aging. It was demonstrated that frequency of nocturia was 0 to 1 in less than 60 years old normal males, 0 to 2 in 60 to 79 years old ones and 0 to 3 in over 80 years old ones. The other symptoms studied in each decade were also analyzed and discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The significance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate as a prognostic factor for patients with prostate cancer: Gunma Urological Oncology Study Group investigation.

The Gunma Urological Oncology Study Group has performed a multivariate statistical analysis of prognostic factors based on 353 patients with prostate cancer diagnosed between 1974 and 1984. This paper discusses the prognostic significance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in these patients with prostate cancer. Based on three ranges (less than 20, greater than 20- less than 50, greater than 50 mm/h) of ESR, a significant difference of survival rates among the patients was found by means of univariate analysis. ESR apparently includes components which represent anemia or infection. Hemoglobin, frequently used as a prognostic factor, was compared with ESR by means of multivariate analysis, and ESR was found to be a more useful prognostic factor than hemoglobin. Moreover ESR showed the highest partial coefficient value among the items studied (clinical stage, pathological differentiation, age, acid phosphatase, gait disturbance). It seems that ESR includes not only anemia and infection components but also provides a clue to the degree of bone metastasis or the degree of prostate cancer progression.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

[Prognostic factor for prostate cancer. Gunma Urological Oncology Study Group].

The study of prognostic factors in patients with prostate cancer (Pca) may be of value in understanding the natural history of the disease and may also assist in planning and analyzing the results of clinical trials. Moreover some information through this study would be beneficial to assessing the prognosis and decision of better therapy form of individual patients. The significance of items studied was evaluated from the two view points, survival rate and Pca death rate. Stage, pathological differentiation and acid phosphatase were significantly related to them, in the category grade depending manner. Past history and complication, and age were also significantly related to them but higher category grade as a survival factor showed lower Pca death rates. ESR, gait disturbance and hematuria were related to only survival rate. Any significant relationship was not observed in serum testosterone, voiding disturbance and cancer-pain. Prognostic factors should be clinically used through the well understanding of each characteristics. This paper also showed that statistical significance not always provide a wide difference between categories compared.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[The analysis of prognostic factors for prostate cancer by multivariate analysis].

Multivariable analysis (quantification method I and II) was used to investigate the relationship between survival rates and prognostic factors. The items studied were age, stage, pathological differentiation, gait disturbance, acid phosphatase and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The data were available for 353 patients for all items. The significance of each item was evaluated in all patients-group, subgroup stratified by their cause of death, and subgroup stratified by their stage. The significance of age and gait disturbance which represent the general condition was proven in all patients, non-cancer death group and stage ABC group. In the cancer death group, stage D group was the most significant as prognostic factor. ESR was the most significant in the stage D group and the significance was gradually increased with the observation time.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[Use of urinary hydroxyproline excretion as a marker of bone metastases in prostatic cancer (1)].

Twenty-four hour urinary hydroxyproline and urinary hydroxyproline creatinine ratio was measured without prior dietary restriction in 24 patients with prostatic cancer and 16 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Both were elevated in patients with prostatic cancer with active bone metastases compared to the values of prostatic cancer without bone metastasis and benign prostatic hypertrophy. In these cases, the values of urinary hydroxyproline creatinine ratio were more reliable. The results show that urinary hydroxyproline creatinine ratio is a very sensitive indicator of active bone metastases of prostatic cancer without dietary restriction.

Bone Neoplasms↗