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Y Toda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Toda.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Relationship between HLA-DRB1 genotypes and efficacy of oral type II collagen treatment using chicken cartilage soup in rheumatoid arthritis].

The correlation between the efficacy of type II collagen (C II) treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the existence of HLA-DRB 1 * 0405 allele was investigated in two groups of patients; the first group had HLA-DRB 1 * 0405 allele (the 0405 group) and the second had no such allele (the non-0405 group). Thirty-eight RA patients were given a chicken cartilage soup containing heat degenerated C II (the CII group) or a placebo soup (the placebo group) for three months. The 38 cases were composed of 11 cases in the 0405/C II group, 9 in the 0405/placebo group, 11 in the non-0405/C II group, 9 cases in the non-0405/placebo group. In the C II group, there was a significant increase in the anti-human C II IgA antibody serum titers (p = 0.003) and significant decrease in the anti-human C II IgG titer (p < 0.0001). The differences in the number of swollen and tender joints were statistically significant between the 045/C II and 0405/placebo groups (p of the swollen joints = 0.03, and p of the tender joints = 0.03), and between the 0405/C II and non-0405/C II groups (p = 0.006 and 0.01, respectively). We concluded that oral C II could have a therapeutic efficacy in RA patients with HLA-DRB 1 * 0405 allele.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Relationship between duration of rheumatoid arthritis before knee joint surgery and HLA-DRB1 alleles: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether genetically determined factors can be used as predictors of requirement for knee joint surgery in the early phase of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: We determined HLA-DRB1 alleles in 322 patients with seropositive RA by polymerase chain reaction and allele specific oligonucleotide probe techniques. Patients were classified into 3 groups (S/S, S/N, and N/N) based on their possession of two, one or no susceptibility alleles of RA, respectively. The stage of radiographic change in the knee joint determined using Larsen's standard film was compared to results of genotyping. Duration of RA before joint surgery in the 3 groups was also compared retrospectively. RESULTS: The median number of years to develop to stages I, II, III, and IV and the number of years of disease duration before total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were significantly shorter in the S/S group than in the S/N and N/N groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: TKA was required earlier in the S/S group than in the S/N and N/N groups. This finding will affect planning of surgical management for RA based on anticipated courses.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Gene expression of TGF-beta 1 and elaboration of extracellular matrix using in situ hybridization and EM radioautography during dentinogenesis.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The expressions of TGF-beta 1 and Type I collagen mRNA were studied by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry then the secretory pathway of dentin phosphoprotein was investigated electron microscopic radioautography in rat incisors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA was observed in dental papilla cells before dentin formation. The signals were most intense in pre- and postodontoblasts and during dentinogenesis, but became weaker in the secretory region during the dentin formation. Type I collagen mRNA was expressed in essentially the same as that of TGF-beta 1. These results suggest that TGF-beta 1 plays an important role in the differentiation of, and collagen synthesis by odontoblasts. Radioautography showed radioactivity in the rough endoplasmic reticulum 5 min after injection of 3H-serine. Silver grains were observed over the cylindrical portions of the cis-face of the Golgi apparatus at 10 min and over the cylindrical portions of the transface at 20 min. The secretory granules showed the strongest reaction between 20 min and 1 h after injection. At 45 min, a significant labeled band appeared at the mineralization front. The pathway of 3H-proline was essentially the same as that of 3H-serine, but 3H-proline moved more slowly. Secretory granules were heavily labeled from 30 min; no labeling was found at the mineralization front at 45 min. The labeling pattern with 3H-serine appears to be closely related to the localization of phosphoproteins. Dentin phosphoproteins are related to secretory granules and are secreted by odontoblasts as the mineralization front, being involved in the process of dentin mineralization.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The hypolipidemic action of the ACAT inhibitor HL-004 in hamsters fed normal chow.

1. A novel ACAT (acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase) inhibitor, HL-004, exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the hepatic and intestinal ACAT, but was less effective on the adrenal ACAT in vitro. 2. HL-004 selectively decreased serum VLDL cholesterol, and inhibited hepatic ACAT activity in hamsters fed normal chow. 3. These results suggest that the cholesterol-lowering effect of HL-004 can be attributed to a decrease in hepatic VLDL secretion via inhibition of ACAT.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed1996

Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor gene expression in liver tumor.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical hypervascular tumor. However, the relationship between the vascularity of HCC and the expression of angiogenic factors has not been investigated. In addition, no detailed studies have examined the possible involvement of angiogenic factors in the grade of malignancy of HCC. The aim of this study was to determine which angiogenic factors regulate tumor angiogenesis and contribute to the invasive ability of liver tumors, especially of HCC. Northern blot analysis was used to examine the transcriptional expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and acidic FGF in resected surgical specimens (20 HCC and 9 metastatic liver tumors). Correlations between messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and arteriographic findings, as well as histopathological findings, were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the localization of cells expressing VEGF in HCC. Higher levels of VEGF mRNA were observed in 12 of 20 HCC and 2 of 9 metastatic liver tumors than in corresponding nontumorous tissues. The degree of VEGF mRNA expression was significantly correlated with the intensity of tumor staining in angiograms (P<.01). On immunohistochemical observation, VEGF protein was intensely detected in HCC cells. Furthermore, basic FGF mRNA was detected in 9 of 20 HCC and was related to the capsular infiltration of cancer cells (P<.05). In contrast, no significant difference was observed in the very low levels of acidic FGF mRNA found in the tumorous and nontumorous portions of the liver. In conclusion, these results suggest that VEGF contributes to angiogenesis of liver tumors, whereas basic FGF may be involved in the invasion of HCC into the surrounding tissues.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Hypolipidemic effect of taurine in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of taurine were investigated in genetically hypertensive rats: strokeprone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). SHRSP were fed a hypercholesterolemic (HC) diet supplemented with 3% taurine for 50 days, and serum cholesterol was monitored. Cholesterol content and enzymatic activity responsible for cholesterol synthesis and metabolism were also determined in the liver, aorta, and intestine. Taurine prevented increases in the cholesterol level of the serum, liver, and aorta induced by a HC diet. Severe fat deposits of the mesenteric arteries induced by a HC diet were improved by the taurine treatment, showing the hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of taurine. Taurine enhanced the activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid synthesis, and stimulated bile acid production. These results suggest that taurine stimulates bile acid synthesis, which is closely related to the enhancement of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity, and thereby reduces serum cholesterol. In addition, a decrease in the intestinal acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity by taurine suggests that the inhibition of cholesterol absorption may also be related to the hypolipidemic effect of taurine, in part.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical characterization of monoclonal antibodies (PDs) as markers of the periderm in the developing chicken embryo.

The outermost surface cell layer of the developing embryo, the periderm, arises from the initial single layer of ectoderm and is eventually exfoliated from the stratified epidermis, which has the same ectodermal origin. In this study, monoclonal antibodies against chicken limb bud ectoderm were generated and screened for those which stained the periderm. Four separate antibodies termed PD2, 3, 7 and 9 were obtained from 180 mixed hybridomas. These PD antibodies stained the periderm selectively at all stages examined (stage 20-42). By correlating the results of immunohistochemistry with observations made by transmission electron microscopy, it was revealed that PD antibodies stained both the squamous periderm at an early stage and rounded bulging peridermal cells just before exfoliation. Therefore we feel that PD antibodies may be useful in further systematic investigations of the development and function of the chicken embryonic periderm.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) on guinea pig gallbladder contraction in vitro.

Few studies have reported the effects of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)/bombesin on the guinea pig gallbladder, and the results are contradictory. Because such contradictory results may, in part, be due to technical factors, we investigated the effect of GRP on guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle, using an improved horizontal organ bath. The guinea pigs were killed and the gallbladder was removed. Four longitudinal muscle strips (2 x 12 mm) were suspended in Krebs-Ringer solution at 37 degrees C and aerated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. The mechanical activity of the strips was recorded isotonically by displacement-voltage transducers, via L-arms, to which a piezoelectric element with a frequency of 100 Hz and movement of 50 microns was applied. GRP contracted gallbladder muscle strips dose dependently, but the calculated maximal response was 22.4% and 20.1% of the acetylcholine- and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8)-induced responses, respectively. The GRP-induced contraction was unaffected by the muscarinic blocker, atropine, or by the CCK receptor antagonist, loxiglumide. It is concluded that GRP weakly, but apparently directly, stimulates guinea pig gallbladder contraction.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1995

The influence of scattering on temporo-regional proliferation in the cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells.

An epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line was grown in two kinds of standard media and a medium conditioned by MRC-5 embryonic lung cells, and temporo-regional differences in cell proliferation were examined by immunohistochemical detection of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). MRC-5-conditioned medium is known to contain scatter factor, which induces scattering of MDCK cells. In a proliferation assay, the BrdU labeling index (percentage ratio of BrdU-positive to total nuclei) was highest in day 2 cultures in the standard media, but on day 3 in the conditioned medium. MDCK cells in the standard media formed multiple epithelial sheets by day 2. In the conditioned medium, however, epithelial sheet formation was retarded and observed only after day 3. Once epithelial sheets had formed, cells close to the edge of the sheet were more proliferative than those distant from the edge in both standard and conditioned media. These findings suggest that proliferation of MDCK cells is suppressed during the scattering induced by the conditioned medium, and that their DNA synthesis becomes most active when cell scattering has ceased and epithelial sheets have begun to form.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The relationship between genotypes of HLA-DRB1 alleles and progression of bony destruction changes of rheumatoid arthritis].

The relationship between genotypes of HLA-DRB 1 alleles and the progression of bone destruction of RA patients was assessed. The genotypes of the HLA-DRB 1 alleles were determined in 329 Japanese patients with seropositive RNA by polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligonucleotide probe techniques. We regarded HLA-DRB 1* 0101, 0401, 0404, 0405, 1001 and 1402 as susceptible alleles of RA and classified the patients into three groups. The s/s group consisted of those with susceptible factors in both of the HLA-DRB 1 alleles. The s/n group was made up of those having one susceptible factor and one non-susceptible factor. The n/n group consisted of those possessing two non-susceptible factors. The grading of radiographic change that was evaluated by Larsen's criteria compared with the genotyped results. In the result, the median years taken to development to grade III, IV and V were significantly shorter in the s/s groups compared with that in the s/n and n/n groups. Thus, genotyping of HLA-DRB 1 can be a useful prognostic market in the progression of bone destruction of RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cytochemical localization of photosystem I in relation to differentiation of the thylakoid membranes during greening of barley leaves.

Changes in distribution of photosystem I (PS I) in the developing thylakoid membranes of greening barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Amagi-Nijo) chloroplasts were studied by a cytochemical method using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB). The activity was detected on the thylakoid of etiochloroplasts after 1 h of greening. Stacks of a few thylakoids (thought to be an initiation of grana) appeared at about 2-3 h of greening. Until 4 h, the DAB reaction was observed uniformly throughout the whole thylakoid system (stroma and grana thylakoids). After 6 h of greening, The DAB reaction was detected heterogeneously in the etiochloroplasts; more intense on the stroma thylakoid and peripheral grana thylakoid. Further illumination led to more distinct heterogeneity of the DAB reaction. Thus, redistribution of PS I proceeded differentially after onset of grana formation in the developing etiochloroplasts. Measurements of chlorophyll content, light saturation of PS I activity and fluorescence emission spectra of greening barley leaves suggest that redistribution of PS I may reflect developmental changes in assembly of the PS I complex with light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex.

Chloroplasts↗
PubMed1994

Milk is a useful test meal for measurement of small bowel transit time.

To improve and standardize the measurement of small bowel transit time, milk was employed for the test meal instead of the conventional lactulose meal. Although 92% of the subjects were lactase deficient, only 2% were milk intolerant and 13% were lactose intolerant. Small bowel transit time with milk (milk breath hydrogen test) was 113 +/- 9 min (mean +/- SE, n = 20); the normal range calculated from the mean +/- 2 SD was 31-195 min. The coefficient of variation in the milk hydrogen breath test was 13 +/- 4% (n = 6), whereas in the lactulose hydrogen breath test, it was 39 +/- 16% (n = 10). The frequency of non-hydrogen producers, the occurrence of discomfort, and the reproducibility were better, though not significantly so, in the milk hydrogen breath test than in the lactulose. Since lactase activity in the intestine is variable in lactase-deficient subjects, small bowel transit times for milk may change from subject to subject. However, individual reproducibility of the milk hydrogen breath test is good. It could be useful for pharmacological experiments using paired comparison, for screening tests, or for the follow up of diseases in which small bowel transit time is affected.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Rheumatoid-susceptible alleles of HLA-DRB1 are genetically recessive to non-susceptible alleles in the progression of bone destruction in the wrists and fingers of patients with RA.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between HLA-DRB1 genotypes and the progression of bone destruction in Japanese patients with RA. METHODS: The HLA-DRB1 alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction and allele specific oligonucleotide probe techniques in 160 Japanese patients with RA. HLA-DR 0101, 0401, 0404, 0405, 1001 and 1402 were regarded as susceptible alleles of RA according to previous reports. Patients were classified into three groups (S/S, S/N and N/N group), based on the possession of two, one or no susceptible factor. The grading of radio-graphic changes in the wrists and fingers were evaluated by Larsen's criteria. The radiographic grades were first compared with the results of genotyping in the 160 cross sectional cases. A retrospective study was then conducted on a subgroup consisting of 57 cases taken from the 160 cases used for the cross sectional study. RESULTS: In the scatter diagram of the 160 cross sectional cases expressing the relationship between the stage of bone destruction and duration of RA, the regression line and the 95% confidence intervals separated the S/S group from the S/N and N/N groups in the early phase of development of bone destruction. In the retrospective study on the 57 cases the median years taken to development to stage V in the wrists after the onset of symptoms were 13.1 in the patients in the S/S group, 22.7 in the S/N group and 23.0 in the N/N group. The difference observed between the S/S and S/N group, and between the S/S and N/N group were statistically significant (p < 0.01), but that between the S/N and N/N groups was not. Thus the bone destruction in the wrists and fingers progressed more rapidly in the S/S group than in the S/N and N/N groups; and the rheumatoid susceptible alleles of HLA-DRB1 can be considered to be genetically recessive to the non-susceptible alleles in the progression of bone destructions in the wrists and fingers. CONCLUSION: Genotyping of HLA-DRB1 can be a useful prognostic marker in the early phase of RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Recognition of a nucleic acid base by tryptophan-containing peptides: spectroscopic comparison of the interaction of Trp-Gly-Gly-Glu and Trp-Gly-Gly-Gln with 7-methylguanine base.

As a part of a study to elucidate the functional difference between Glu and Gln side-chains in terms of the recognition of guanine base by tryptophan-containing peptides via cooperative stacking and hydrogen-bond pairing interactions, the binding of 7-methylguanine to Trp-Gly-Gly-Glu and Trp-Gly-Gly-Gln was examined by fluorescence and 1H-NMR methods. Comparison of fluorescence experiments showed a binding preference for Trp-Gly-Gly-Glu over Trp-Gly-Gly-Gln. The analyses of the downfield and upfield shifts of the C2 amino and N7 methyl protons of 7-methylguanine base showed there was hydrogen-bond pairing of Glu and Gln side chains with the base and a stacking interaction of the Trp residue with the base, respectively. However, the hydrogen-bond pairing was more effective in the case of the Glu residue than the Gln residue, indicating the preference of the carboxyl group over the carbamoyl group to form hydrogen-bond pairing with the guanine base.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Production and characterization of an anti-chicken transferrin.

Several lines of recent evidence have suggested that transferrin plays a significant role in tissue interaction or morphogenesis at early stages of embryo development. In the present study, an anti-chicken transferrin antibody was produced and its basic characteristics were clarified as a basis for use in further studies. An antiserum termed Toraji 3 was raised against chicken transferrin and purified into IgG and ligand-affinity-purified fractions. These three preparations of the antibody gave an intense immunohistochemical signal in visceral yolk sac and developing liver, both of which are known to be major producers of transferrin in early development. In immunoblot analysis, these three preparations detected 70-kDa transferrin, whereas the ligand-affinity-purified preparation showed higher specificity. It was also demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting that Toraji 3 antibody bound preferentially to chicken transferrin and showed a negligible binding to human transferrin.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Structure of the N-linked oligosaccharides that show the complete loss of alpha-1,6-polymannose outer chain from och1, och1 mnn1, and och1 mnn1 alg3 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The periplasmic invertase was purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae och1::LEU2 disruptant cells (delta och1), which have a defect in elongation of the outer chain attached to the N-linked core oligosaccharides (Nakayama, K., Nagasu, T., Shimma, Y., Kuromatsu, J., and Jigami, Y. (1992) EMBO J. 11, 2511-2519). Structural analysis of the pyridylaminated (PA) neutral oligosaccharides released by hydrazinolysis and N-acetylation confirmed that the och1 mutation causes a complete loss of the alpha-1,6-polymannose outer chain, although the PA oligosaccharides (Man9GlcNAc2-PA and Man10GlcNAc2-PA), in which one or two alpha-1,3-linked mannose(s) attached to the endoplasmic reticulumn (ER)-form core oligosaccharide (Man8GlcNAc2) were also detected. Analysis of the delta och1 mnn1 strain oligosaccharides released from total cell mannoprotein revealed that the delta och1 mnn1 mutant eliminates the alpha-1,3-mannose attached to the core and accumulates predominantly a single ER-form oligosaccharide species (Man8GlcNAc2), suggesting a potential use of this strain as a host cell to produce glycoproteins containing mammalian high mannose type oligosaccharides. The delta och1 mnn1 alg3 mutants accumulated Man5GlcNAc2 and Man8GlcNAc2 in total cell mannoprotein, confirming the lack of outer chain addition to the incomplete corelike oligosaccharide and the leaky phenotype of the alg3 mutation. All the results suggest that the OCH1 gene encodes an alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase that is functional in the initiation of alpha-1,6-polymannose outer chain addition to the N-linked core oligosaccharide (Man5GlcNAc2 and Man8GlcNAc2) in yeast.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1993

Sulfated glycolipids are ligands for a lymphocyte homing receptor, L-selectin (LECAM-1), Binding epitope in sulfated sugar chain.

Specific sugar ligands which bind to rat L-selectin (LECAM-1, lymphocyte homing receptor)-IgG chimera were investigated by thin-layer chromatography-binding assay and ELISA. Rat L-selectin-IgG bound to native sulfated glycolipids such as sulfatide (I3SO3-GalCer), seminolipid, SM3(II3SO3-LacCer), SB2(III3SO3,II3SO3-Gg3Cer), SB1a (IV3SO3,II3SO3-Gg4Cer). The binding activity of the SM2 (II3SO3-Gg3Cer) carrying the internal sulfated Gal was very low, indicating that non-reducing terminal SO3H-3Gal beta 1- structure is essential for the binding. The reactivity of sulfatide was higher than that of sialyl Le(x) [Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-Ceramide] either in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ or 1 mM Ca2+ and 5 mM EGTA. All the non-fucosylated gangliosides including ganglio-series and lacto-series type I and II chains tested gave a negative reaction. Neutral glycosphingolipids tested were all negative. Binding assay using synthetic sulfatide analogs indicated that the L-selectin-binding to its sulfated sugar ligands is position specific and depends on the number of the sulfate group, i.e., (SO3)3-3,4,6Gal- > (SO3)2-3,6Gal- > SO3-3Gal- > SO3-3Glc- > SO3-6Gal- > SO3-2Gal-. Lower reactivity of the chimera to SO3-3Glc-rather than SO3-3Gal- indicates that the chimera recognizes the configuration of hydroxyl group linked to the 4 carbon atom of the pyranose ring in galactose.

Amino Acid Sequence↗