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Biomedical subjects

Y Tazawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Tazawa.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Incidence of acute idiopathic optic neuritis and its therapy in Japan. Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial Multicenter Cooperative Research Group (ONMRG)].

Data on the incidence of and treatment for acute idiopathic optic neuritis were obtained by questionnaire sent to departments of ophthalmology, university hospitals, and general hospitals throughout Japan. Inquiry was made as to the number of cases which developed idiopathic optic neuritis from April 1992 to March 1993 along with their clinical features. The response rate was 53.6%. There were a total of 550 cases, and the male to female ratio was 1:1.22. Patients 14 to 55 years old were 65.9%; bilateral involvement: 28.2%; recurrence: 18.6%; positive past history of the other eye; 7.5%. Assuming the answering rate to be 100% and two thirds of the patients to be included, annual incidence of this disease (the annual number of patients) was determined to be 1.62 for an adult population of 100,000 (1.03 cases/100,000 people). Tochigi, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Hyogo, Wakayama, Okayama, Yamaguchi, Tottori, Shimane, Ehime, and Fukuoka showed an annual incidence exceeding 2.0/100,000 adults. At more than 95% of all medical institutions questioned, patients with optic neuritis were usually treated with systemic corticosteroids. Oral corticosteroid therapy, which was shown in a recent study in USA to be contraindicated, was still being used at 15% of the institutions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Urea cycle disorders].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1994

A preterm infant with secondary carnitine deficiency due to MCT formula--effective treatment of L-carnitine.

We report a preterm infant who was prescribed an MCT formula and subsequently developed carnitine deficiency with liver dysfunction and an elevation of serum CK level. A male infant who had been born at 24 weeks' gestation with birth weight 799 g, was fed with an MCT formula containing 76.8% of all kinds of lipids, because of his steatorrhea after the 30th day. On the 100th day, he was noted hepatomegaly and elevation of serum levels of AST, ALT and CK. The needle biopsy of the liver indicated the existence of the liver damage. He showed low serum carnitine with high urinary loss of acylcarnitine and dicarboxylic aciduria. Administration of L-carnitine was an effective treatment. The carnitine deficiency might be exaggerated by an increased urinary loss of acylcarnitine. We should be cautious of the risk of carnitine deficiency in preterm infants during prolonged use of MCT formula.

Carnitine↗
PubMed1994

[Liver cirrhosis in metabolic disorders].

The most early cirrhosis is observed in newborns with neonatal hemachromatosis. Early cirrhosis occurs in hereditary tyrosinemia type I, peroxisomal diseases and glycogen storage disease (type IV). In Wilson's disease, a case complicated with cirrhosis was reported in a 4-year-old patient. Slowly progressive cirrhosis is seen in patients with familial progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. Focal biliary cirrhosis is found in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Moreover, many other metabolic disorders, except for urea cycle disorders, are occasionally or rarely complicated with cirrhosis. Early diagnosis and proper management could prevent the development of cirrhosis in patients with galactosemia, hereditary fructose intolerance, etc. The occurrence of hepatoma must be monitored in these patients. Liver transplantation is indicated in a part of the patients with cirrhosis.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1993

Adult T-cell leukemia with leukemic cell infiltration in the conjunctiva. A case report.

A 77-year-old Japanese woman who had suffered from skin eruptions since 1986 was admitted in January, 1990. A diagnosis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) was made on the basis of clinical and laboratory data. On admission, erythematous lesions were present in both eyelids. Yellowish-white elevated lesions were found along the limbal conjunctiva, and extended segmentally into the cornea of both eyes. Microscopically, leukemic infiltration into the subepithelial layer of the conjunctiva was observed. Ophthalmic manifestations in ATL have not been well described, because of a little attention paid to them.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

A case of fatal infectious mononucleosis presenting with fulminant hepatic failure associated with an extensive CD8-positive lymphocyte infiltration in the liver.

We describe a fatal case of infectious mononucleosis presenting with fulminant hepatic failure associated with extensive CD8-positive lymphocyte infiltration and diffuse karyorrhexis in the liver. Immunohistochemical analysis of mononuclear cells showed that Leu-2a (CD8)-positive lymphocytes were heavily distributed in the portal areas and the sinusoidal spaces, but Leu-3a (CD4)-, Leu-14 (CD22)-, or My 4 (CD14)-positive cells were undetectable in sections of the liver. Southern blot hybridization studies disclosed the presence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA fragments in the liver tissue. The unusual pathologic and immunologic responses observed in this case could not simply be explained by severe Epstein-Barr virus infection. Some superimposed factors should be considered.

CD8 Antigens↗
PubMed1993

Spectral sensitivity of monochromatic ERG c-wave of chicken under color adaptation.

The spectral sensitivity of the ERG c-wave was studied in the chicken under yellow or red light adaptation of various intensities, ie, 1, 3, 4 and 5 W/m2 at the corneal surface in the former, and 3, 4 and 5 W/m2 in the latter. The peak wavelength of the spectral sensitivity curve of the c-wave amplitude under both yellow and red light adaptations was 520 or 540 nm, being shorter as compared with the peak wavelength (560 nm) under white light adaptation (Fukuda, 1989). Under the yellow or red light adaptation the sensitivity of the c-wave was suppressed at a range of longer wavelength, suggesting a possible isolation of the blue and green cone-driven c-wave responses. The peak (520 or 540 nm) and the shoulder (580 nm) in the spectral sensitivity curves were presumed to be derived from the three cone systems.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1992

A case of tubulo-interstitial nephritis with exfoliative dermatitis and hepatitis due to phenobarbital hypersensitivity.

Severe exfoliative dermatitis and liver dysfunction developed in a 5-year-old girl 3 weeks after initiation of phenobarbital therapy. Liver function improved gradually after discontinuation of phenobarbital. During the convalescent stage an initially mild renal dysfunction was exacerbated by episodes of post-transfusion haemolysis. Liver biopsy revealed moderate parenchymal damage with subacute cellular infiltration. Renal biopsy demonstrated the cardinal findings of interstitial nephritis, excluding the possibility of acute tubular necrosis caused by haemolysis. Serial lymphocyte transformation studies and skin patch tests gave positive results for phenobarbital, supporting the view that these were unusual complications of phenobarbital hypersensitivity.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMed1992

Hepatocellular carcinoma in children with hepatitis B surface antigen.

This study discusses four children of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who were asymptomatic HBsAg carriers or had HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis for 3 to 11 years before the occurrence of the carcinoma. Three of these four patients were positive for anti-HBe at 3 to 5 years before the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Autopsy findings disclosed liver cirrhosis in all the four patients. To the best of our knowledge few reports have documented children in HBsAg carrier status or with HBsAg-positive hepatitis prior to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is emphasized that HBsAg-positive children, with or without detectable hepatic lesions in routine examinations, have a possibility of developing HCC, and should be carefully monitored for long periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Protective effect of dextromethorphan on the ischemic retinal damage in rabbit].

To investigate the effect of dextromethorphan (DEX), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on the retinal ischemia, 0.4%DEX hydrobromide was intravenously given to rabbits before, during and after retinal ischemia. Retinal function was monitored by electroretinogram (ERG). Retinal ischemia was induced by increasing intraocular pressure to 130 mmHg for 90 or 120 min. Amplitudes of ERG.b-waves recorded after the 90 min ischemia recovered to 72.5 +/- 9.0% in the DEX group and 38.5 +/- 8.5% in the control group which was given normal saline. The maximal recovery rates of b-wave amplitudes after the 120 min ischemia were 44.0 +/- 7.9% in the DEX group and 21.0 +/- 1.3% in the control group. The recovery rates of the b-wave amplitudes in DEX group were significantly higher than in the control group (p less than 0.01). It was found that the effective dose of DEX was 0.1-0.4%.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The viability of the detached retina of the rabbit eye--electrophysiological observation of influence of duration of the detachment].

The influence of the duration of the retinal detachment on the function of detached retina was electrophysiologically investigated in the rabbit eye. Experimental retinal detachment with a diameter of 4 mm was made by injecting sodium hyaluronate into the subretinal space. The transretinal ERG (TR-ERG) was recorded from the detached retina between a pair of double-barreled microelectrodes of which the longer tip was positioned into the subretinal space, penetrating the detached retina and the shorter tip in the vitreous body. The vitreal ERG (VERG) from the undetached retina was simultaneously recorded between the shorter tip and a scleral electrode. The amplitude of the TR-ERG b-wave significantly decreased 2 hours after the onset of the detachment, and was gradually reduced to minimal value until 96 hours after the detachment. The amplitude of the VERG b-wave remained unchanged. The slow P III amplitude of the TR-ERG gradually decreased and extinguished 96 hours after the detachment, while the c-wave amplitude of the VERG showed no significant changes. The results suggested that the viability of the detached retina reduces rapidly and extinguishes within 96 hours in the rabbit eye.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Color sensation of pseudophakic eye from a viewpoint of electrophysiological study].

Monochromatic ERG b-waves were recorded in normal eyes, cataractous eyes and pseudophakic eyes implanted with non-UV or UV IOLs. ERG b-waves were elicited by fourteen monochromatic stimulus lights ranging from 400 to 660 nm under white light adaptation, and spectral response curves were obtained from b-wave amplitudes. Compared with normal eyes or cataractous eyes, the relative b-wave amplitude of pseudophakic eyes was significantly larger in the short wavelength range from blue to green. Except for 400 nm, the spectral response curve of the eyes implanted with UV IOLs was similar to that of eyes implanted with non-UV IOLs. These results suggested that dyschromatopsia might not only occur in eyes implanted with non-UV IOLs but in eyes with UV IOLs.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Combined photic and nonphotic electro-oculographic responses in the clinical evaluation of the retinal pigment epithelium.

In an attempt to simplify the recording technique in electrophysiologic evaluation of the retinal pigment epithelium, we combined the electro-oculographic light rise, hyperosmolarity and acetazolamide responses in a single recording session. Recordings were performed in six normal subjects and in seven patients with diabetic retinopathy or retinitis pigmentosa. In the patients with background diabetic retinopathy, the hyperosmolarity responses were slightly reduced, while the acetazolamide response and the light rise was normal. In the patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the hyperosmolarity response and light rise were remarkably reduced, while the acetazolamide response was normal. In the patients with retinitis pigmentosa, the hyperosmolarity response and light rise were decreased, while the acetazolamide response was normal. Despite a small study population, we concluded that the clinical results from our combined recording protocol were essentially the same as those reported for each response separately. Because this recording technique simplifies electrophysiologic evaluation of the retinal pigment epithelium, it may help clarify the mechanisms or localization of retinochoroidal and pigment epithelial diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Abnormal results of biochemical liver function tests in breast-fed infants with prolonged indirect hyperbilirubinaemia.

To clarify the relationship between hyperbilirubinaemia and abnormal results of biochemical liver function tests in infants with breast milk jaundice (BMJ), 58 breast-fed infants with indirect hyperbilirubinaemia were enrolled in this study. Sera obtained from the above infants were subjected to routine liver function tests. Although serum transaminases were within normal limits in all 58 patients, serum alkaline phosphatase levels were abnormally increased in 13, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in 8 and total bile acids in 11 out of all patients examined. A total of 18 (31%) patients had abnormal results in at least one item of the liver function tests. The intrinsic bile acid loading test showed postprandial increases in bile acids in 5 of 16 (31%) patients examined at either 60 or 120 min, while all 13 breast-fed, age-matched controls had no abnormal results. The decrease in rate of serum bilirubin levels after the 3-day discontinuation of breast-feeding was significantly less in patients with increased fasting bile acids than in patients with normal fasting levels of serum bile acids. These results may suggest that mild hepatic dysfunction or cholestasis is associated with indirect hyperbilirubinaemia in some infants with BMJ.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in retinal electrical response due to different size of experimental retinal detachment].

To investigate the influence of the size of detachment to function of the detached retina, transretinal ERG (TR-ERG) was recorded from experimentally detached retina. Retinal detachment 4 or 8 mm in diameter was made by injecting sodium hyaluronate in the subretinal space. The TR-ERG was recorded for two hours from the detached retina by a double barreled microelectrode of which a longer tip entered into the subretinal space of the detached retina while a shorter one remained in the vitreous. Vitreal ERG (VERG) was simultaneously recorded between the shorter electrode and a scleral electrode. The b-wave amplitude of the TR-ERG recorded from the retina with 4 mm detachment decreased two hours after detachment, whereas the b-wave recorded from the retina with 8 mm detachment remarkably decreased 30 min after detachment and was stable up to two hours. There were no significant differences in amplitudes of VERG b-waves between 4 and 8 mm detachments during the experimental course. Less extensively detached retina maintained its function to a greater degree than the largely detached retina. The volume of the subretinal space may influence the viability of the detached retina by changing the concentration of nutrients.

Animals↗