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Y Tano

Publications and source records attributed to Y Tano.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Study of bacterial flora in the stomach and the upper and lower respiratory tracts--the mechanism of lower respiratory tract infection].

To evaluate the mechanism of lower respiratory tract infection in the hospital, gastric juice, throat secretions, secretions in tracheal cannulae or tubes and aspirated sputum were cultured simultaneously in seven patients with tracheostomy and seven patients with tracheal intubation. Thirty-six strains of bacteria were isolated from gastric juice and only 22.2% of them were the same bacteria as those in the throat secretions. This suggested that there was little correlation between gastric and oropharyngeal flora. The bacteria isolated from throat secretions and aspirated sputum showed 38.5% coincidence in tracheostomized patients and 80% coincidence in intubated patients. In addition, the rate of agreement was 33.3% in tracheostomized patients and 88.9% in intubated patients between throat secretions and tracheal cannulae or tubes. These findings suggested that the correlation of bacterial flora between the upper and lower respiratory tracts was high in intubated patients and low in tracheostomized patients. Identical bacteria in the stomach and the upper and lower respiratory tracts (which may cause nosocomial infection) were isolated in only four of the 14 patients. It has been suggested that bacterial flora in the lower respiratory tract are transmitted from the stomach to the oropharynx and then cause lower respiratory tract infection in hospital. However, our study suggested that this was not a common pathogenic mechanism.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Circadian rhythm of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the iris-ciliary body of the rat.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the iris-ciliary body of rats kept under constant darkness (DD) and in 12 h light-12 h dark cycle (LD) was determined by enzyme immunoassay. NPY-LI contents in the iris-ciliary body were found to oscillate in circadian fashion under DD and LD conditions, with a peak at about circadian time 12 (CT 12) and a trough at around CT 0. Unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy caused a significant decrease in NPY-LI levels in the sympathectomized eye compare to the contralateral intact eye, independent of lighting phase. These results suggest the presence of an endogenous circadian rhythm in NPY-LI content in the rat iris-ciliary body, and the possible involvement of a sympathetic input from the superior cervical ganglion.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Relation of bacterial flora between upper and lower respiratory tracts in patients with long-term tracheostomy].

Throat secretions (TS) and bronchial secretions aspirated from tracheostomy (TSTA) were cultured at the same time in 9 subjects with long term tracheostomy every two weeks from January, 1990 to December, 1990. Total number of each examination in TS and TSTA were 200 times. Mean number of bacteria isolated by single culture were 2.9 strains in TS and 1.8 strains in TSTA. Isolated bacteria were mainly alpha-Streptococcus (84.8%) and Neisseria (69%) in TS, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (53.5%) and Serratia marcescens (30%) in TSTA. Only 20% of P. aeruginosa or S. marcescens in TSTA were isolated from TS. In 8 cases of 9, P. aeruginosa in TSTA were isolated with every time or long term. There were 14 episodes of respiratory infections in 6 cases. P. aeruginosa were causative organisms in 7 episodes. It suggests that P. aeruginosa tended to colonize in lower respiratory tracts of the patients with long term tracheostomy and to become causative organisms in respiratory infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Retinal toxicity of intravitreally injected steroids on the rabbit eye].

The retinal toxicity of intravitreally injected steroids, fluorometholone and tetrahydrocortisol, was examined. The concentration of the steroids was 20 mg/ml, and 0.05 ml of each solution were injected into the rabbit vitreous cavity. An equal volume of saline solution was injected as a control. In addition to ophthalmoscopy, intraocular pressure was measured and electroretinography, light microscopy and electron microscopy were performed. The results showed no remarkable changes in all eyes. Fluorometholone and tetrahydrocortisol seem to have neither toxicity to the retina nor adverse effect of elevating intraocular pressure when intravitreally injected with this amount.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Vitreous oxygen tension of proliferative diabetic retinopathy].

The authors investigated the vitreous oxygen tension in 30 eyes of 29 cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients in order to determine the distribution of oxygen tension and the possible role of neovascular tissue in tissue oxygenation. Vitreous oxygen tension was measured using a polarographic oxygen electrode and a PO2 monitoring system (PO-2080). Prior to pars plana vitrectomy, the oxygen electrode was inserted into the vitreous cavity under microscopic observation with dim illumination transmitted fiberoptically. The respective oxygen tension at the mid-vitreous cavity, above the optic disc, above the macula, above the neovascular tissue, in the peripheral vitreous, above the photocoagulated retina and above the non-photocoagulated retina were 15.8 +/- 4.7 mmHg, 31.2 +/- 10.0 mmHg, 17.1 +/- 4.0 mmHg, 32.0 +/- 9.9 mmHg, 15.6 +/- 5.1 mmHg, 16.5 +/- 5.5 mmHg and 18.6 +/- 4.9 mmHg. The oxygen tension values above the neovascular tissue and above the optic disc showed statistically significantly higher values than that of midvitreous cavity. We assume this to be due to differences between the oxygen demand and supply on the neovascular tissue, because in these tissues there are large amounts of vessels and blood flow compared to oxygen consumption. Therefore residual oxygen causes oxygen flow from the neovascularization to the mid-vitreous. This outcome is one of the facts which supports the hypothesis that neovascular tissues develop in order to compensate for retinal ischemia by releasing oxygen.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Study of the duration of antimicrobial chemotherapy in mycoplasmal pneumonia].

We assessed the period of administration of antibiotics required for cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia. The subjects were 38 patients with mycoplasmal pneumonia admitted to our hospital. These patients were treated with 100 mg minocycline or 500 mg erythromycin by intravenous infusion twice a day. They were divided into a 6 day-administration group (Group A; 16 cases) and a 9 day-administration group (Group B; 17 cases). Administration was discontinued on the 4th day or earlier in 5 cases due to side effects. A comparative assessment was made between Groups A and B with respect to body temperature, WBC, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, and chest X-ray on the 3rd, 6th, and 9th days of treatment, but no significant difference was observed. Residual shadows at the end of treatment were present in 100% of Group A and in 47% of Group B, but they disappeared gradually in both groups. No cases of recurrence were observed in either Group A or B within 1 month after the completion of treatment. Regarding the treatment period for mycoplasmal pneumonia by intravenous infusion of minocycline or erythromycin, no significant clinical difference was observed between the 6 day-administration group and the 9 day-administration group, suggesting that 6 days of administration is sufficient for treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Tissue plasminogen activator treatment of postvitrectomy pupillary fibrin membrane].

Twenty-five micrograms of human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was injected via the corneoscleral limbus of 14 postvitrectomy aphakic eyes with prominent pupillary fibrin membranes. Fibrinolysis by tPA was initiated by thirty minutes after the injection, and the fibrin membrane was completely dissolved within sixty minutes. No toxicity attributed to tPA was observed clinically. Intraocular fluid was obtained during fluid-gas exchange after complete dissolution of fibrin and analyzed for decomposed fibrin products (FDP). Intraocular FDP was significantly higher (160 +/- 250 micrograms/ml) than normal after tPA treatment. Intraocular tPA administration is a potent modality to treat postvitrectomy fibrin membrane. Fluid-gas exchange must be performed to eliminate as much FDP as possible to reduce postoperative inflammation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Vitreous surgery for intraocular proliferative disorders].

Before the advent of vitreous surgery, many intraocular proliferative disorders were incurable. The present paper reviews the pathogenesis, classification and vitreous surgery treatment of these diseases. Intraocular proliferative disorders are classified into two categories: vascular and non-vascular, also their indications for vitreous surgery are reviewed. General surgical techniques for intraocular proliferative disorders are discussed, as are specific surgical techniques for "vascular" proliferative diabetic retinopathy and "non-vascular" proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and current assessments of the usefulness of vitreous surgery. Vitreous surgery for intraocular proliferative disorders requires extensive high-technological equipment for the integration of various surgical techniques such as lensectomy, vitrectomy, membrane dissection, intraoperative retinal reattachment, closure of retinal breaks, panretinal endo-photocoagulation, scleral buckling, intraocular tamponade and so forth. Vitreous surgery for intraocular proliferative disorders is beneficial only when these procedures are appropriately performed.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMed1990

Hyper-infusion pressure for diabetic membrane dissection.

Vitrectomy was performed on 17 eyes (16 cases) with diabetic macular traction detachment with highly active fibrovascular proliferative tissue. Membrane dissection was performed with the central retinal artery temporarily occluded by hyper-infusion pressure from 82 to 105 mmHg, introduced over a duration of 0.9 to 16.5 minutes (average 4.1 minutes). With this technique, nearly complete hemostasis was achieved during membrane dissection. The retina was anatomically reattached in 16 eyes (94%); visual improvement of two lines or better was obtained in 15 eyes (88%). Membrane dissection under temporary hyper-infusion pressure prevented complications by allowing good visualization, remarkably reducing the surgical time requirement.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Neovascularization and surgery].

To explore surgical treatment for intraocular neovascularization, the following basic and clinical studies were performed. An experimental model of intraocular neovascularization was developed by placing a pellet, containing basic fibroblast growth factor, on the rabbit retina. The effects of panretinal photocoagulation, experimental retinal vein obstruction and intravitreal administration of fluorometholone or tetrahydrodeoxycortisol were studied with this experimental model. The intraocular distribution of oxygen tension was measured during vitrectomy. Oxygen tension was higher above the neovascularization and above the optic disc, as compared to the midvitreous cavity in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. No difference was observed between above the photocoagulated retina and the non-photocoagulated retina. Of 634 consecutive diabetic vitrectomy eyes, studied, preoperative traction detachment was observed in 501 (79.0%). The retina was completely reattached in 532 eyes (83.9%) and visual acuity was improved in 408 (64.4%). Aqueous flare, quantitatively measured by laser flare-cell meter, correlated well with severity of diabetic retinopathy. Aqueous flare in the early postvitrectomy course was higher in cases which required eventual revision than in cases with favorable postoperative course.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The role of thoracoscopy in pleural biopsy in cases with pleural effusion].

Between April 1985 and July 1989, 125 cases with pleural effusion were admitted to our department. The causes of pleural effusion were carcinomatous pleurisy in 47 cases, infection without tuberculosis in 34 cases, tuberculous pleurisy in 17 cases, cardiac insufficiency and hypoproteinemia in 11 cases, trauma and pneumothorax in nine cases, collagen disease in two cases and unknown origin in five cases. Carcinomatous pleurisy and tuberculous pleurisy, the differential diagnosis of which is very important, comprised 37% and 14% of all cases, respectively. These diseases can be definitively diagnosed by pleural biopsy, effusion cytology and/or effusion culture. In July 1987, we introduced thoracoscopy to improve the ratio of definitive diagnoses. The ratio for carcinomatous pleurisy in the previous term, when thoracoscopy was not being used, was 59%, while that in the latter term, when it was used, was 73%. The ratio for all cases with tuberculous pleurisy was 47%. Prior to June 1987, pleural biopsies in our department were performed with a Cope needle. Using that procedure, a low positive ratio of 50% was obtained. For thoracoscopic pleural biopsies, a high positive ratio of 84% was achieved (in carcinomatous pleurisy, 13 out of 15 cases; in tuberculous pleurisy, three out of four cases). This procedure was performed with minimal patient discomfort and no serious complications. Therefore, thoracoscopic pleural biopsy is recommended as a diagnostic procedure for cases with pleural effusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Four cases of simultaneous discovery of familial tuberculous infection].

Index case is a 17-year-old boy who was admitted to our hospital with pleurisy and a minimal pulmonary lesion, and tubercle bacilli were recovered from pleural fluid. A diagnosis of primary tuberculosis was made based on the onset by pleurisy and the existence of hilar and mediastinal lymph node swelling. On the same day, a 76-year-old man, grandfather of the index case was admitted for precise examination of suspected extensive pneumonia. Tubercle bacilli were also isolated from the pus of infected bulla obtained by puncture. Neither of these two cases, however, seemed to be the source of the familial tuberculous infection because of such sudden onset of the disease as pleurisy and pneumonia. Two months later, a 46-year-old man, father of the index case was examined at our hospital. He was considered to be the source of the familial infection because he was diagnosed as tuberculosis with positive smear and a thick wall cavity (3.2 cm in diameter) on the left apex, and abnormal shadow was detected on his chest X-ray already two years ago. The fourth case was a mother of the index case, and wife of the third case, whose chest radiography revealed an infiltrative shadow on the right apex by a family contacts examination. Though tubercle bacilli were not isolated from her sputum, pulmonary lesions considered to be tuberculosis due to their typical location and nature, a positive PPD skin test, and the response to antituberculous drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum due to Xiao-lin Temple boxing vocal exercise].

Two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema were reported. The first cases was a 21-year-old man who had a past history of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. The second was a healthy 20-year-old man. They were admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea and chest pain, which occurred at or after vocal exercise for Xiao-lin Temple boxing. Physically, a mediastinal crunch on auscultation heard over the cardiac apex and the left sternal border (Hamman's sign) was recognized in the first case, and subcutaneous emphysema was palpated in both cases. The chest X-ray films revealed intramediastinal air and subcutaneous emphysema in both cases. We diagnosed these patients as spontaneous pneumomediastinum because of no underlying disease. This is a report of rare cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurring at the same time, and one of the mechanism causing them was considered to be a sudden increase in intrathoracic pressure due to the vocal exercise of chinese boxing.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Difference of clinical features between bacilli positive tuberculosis patients diagnosed at the outpatients dept. (OPD) and diagnosed after admission].

In order to determine the clinical features of patients whose tubercle bacilli were found after admission, the characteristics of 23 cases (17 males, 6 females) diagnosed after admission (Group I) were compared with 16 other cases (12 males, 4 females) diagnosed before admission (Group II). The patients in Group I were more elderly and had severer underlying diseases than those in Group II. In addition, the majority of the patients of Group I showed manifestations of respiratory infections similar to bacterial pneumonia. Therefore, 14 cases (61%) in Group I were diagnosed as bacterial pneumonia on admission. Radiological findings showed that less than half of Group I showed typical X-ray findings of tuberculosis such as location of lesions in the apex and upper lung field, cavity formation, and mixture of or new and old infiltrative lesions. Also on the PPD skin test, 7 cases (30%) of Group I were negative. Due to the above results, in many cases it took more than 10 days from admission to make a final diagnosis as tuberculosis. There were several differences in findings between two groups, but there was no definite signs to diagnose all patients at the OPD. It is therefore considered to be important to keep in mind the following to prevent admission of open tuberculosis patients into a general hospital: (1) Admission of patients suspected to have open tuberculosis at the OPD should be postponed until their smears are proven negative. (2) Sputum examinations for AFB always should be carried out in patients with respiratory symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of fluconazole in patients with mycotic infection].

Fluconazole, a triazole antifungal agent newly developed by Pfizer Inc.. was given orally to 4 patients with deep mycosis. Fluconazole was markedly effective against septicemia due to Candida and oral candidiasis accompanied with lingual ulcer in spite of seriousness of these underlying disease. In 2 patients with aspergilloma, eradication or contraction of fungus ball was observed and the drug was judged to be effective. In vitro MICs of fluconazole against clinically isolated Aspergillus spp. were much higher than its serum levels leaving a large discrepancy between in vitro activity and clinical efficacy. Although the dosage was 100-300 mg daily for 8 days to 6 months, neither adverse reactions nor laboratory parameter abnormalities were observed. The above results suggest that fluconazole is a useful agent in the treatment of fungal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Results of vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment involving the macula; a comparison of six-month and three-year postoperative findings].

Three-year follow-up examinations were performed on 45 cases that underwent pars plana vitrectomies for diabetic retinopathy complications from 1982 to 1983. All of these cases had traction retinal detachment involving the macula. Visual improvement was noted in 27 eyes (60%) and 11 eyes (24%) had worse visual acuity at 6 months after surgery. Final visual improvement was noted in 21 eyes (47%) at the there-year follow-up examinations. Five (11%) of the 45 cases had better visual acuity at the three-year examination than at six months, 18 (40%) had the same visual acuity, but 22 (49%) had poorer vision at the three-year examination. Out of those cases, 28 eyes (62%) had totally attached retina 6 months after operation and the results in those eyes were quite stable at three years. Of these, 19 (68%) had the same or better visual acuity at three years compared with six months. But if retinal detachment was present at 6 months, the prognosis was very poor at the three-year examination with a visual acuity of less than hand motions. Reattachment of the retina is most important to maintain good prognosis for surgical treatment for diabetic retinopathy with traction retinal detachment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Aldose reductase inhibitor (CT-112) eyedrops for diabetic corneal epitheliopathy.

We treated two diabetic patients with corneal epithelial disorder that resisted conventional medical therapy with topical CT-112 (5-[3-ethoxy-4-pentyloxyphenyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione), a newly synthesized aldose reductase inhibitor. One patient had developed recurrent corneal erosion after vitrectomy and the other had spontaneously developed superficial punctate keratopathy. The corneal lesion in each patient responded to topical CT-112 in two to four weeks and was almost cleared within two months. A similar corneal lesion recurred in both patients soon after CT-112 was discontinued, but it disappeared again when the drug was resumed.

Aged↗