Biomedical subjects

Y Tanizaki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Tanizaki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Actions and cross-reactivity of antiallergic agents and a calcium channel antagonist on rat peritoneal mast cells. Difference in the action mechanisms and cross-reactivity among the agents.

The actions of the antiallergic agents, disodium chromoglycate (DSCG), tranilast and ketotifen, and of a calcium channel antagonist, nicardipine, and cross-reactivity among the agents were examined by observing the inhibition of 45Ca uptake and histamine release in rat mast cells stimulated by antigen and compound 48/80 (comp. 48/80). 1) All agents inhibited 45Ca uptake and histamine release in mast cells stimulated by antigen. The inhibition of 45Ca uptake by the antiallergic agents paralleled the inhibition of histamine release, while nicardipine inhibition of 45Ca uptake was stronger than its inhibition of histamine release. 2) The action of DSCG on 45Ca uptake and histamine release was significantly decreased in cells stimulated with antigen and phosphatidylserine (PS), while tranilast inhibition of histamine release was not affected by the addition of PS despite a significant decrease in the inhibition of 45Ca uptake. 3) The inhibitory effect of DSCG and tranilast was significantly lower in mast cells stimulated by comp. 48/80 than in the cells stimulated by antigen. 4) Tachyphylaxis was observed in cells re-exposed to DSCG and tranilast following previous exposure to the agents. 5) Cross-reactivity was found between DSCG and tranilast.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Asthma classification by a score calculated from clinical findings and examinations in subjects sensitive to inhalant allergens.

Twenty-one patients with atopic asthma were classified into three types according to their symptoms (clinical diagnosis): Ia, simple bronchoconstriction; Ib, bronchoconstriction + hypersecretion; and II, bronchiolar obstruction, and this classification was compared with a classification made according to clinical findings and examinations (score diagnosis). Type Ib asthma was characterized by the increased incidence of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while type II was characterized by ventilatory dysfunction in small airways and the increased incidence of neutrophils in BALF. Four patients, whose expectoration was between 50 and 99ml/day, of the 12 with type Ia assessed by clinical diagnosis were evaluated as type Ib by score diagnosis. One patient with type II by clinical diagnosis was assessed as questionable type II by score diagnosis. In the other 16 patients, the clinical and score diagnoses were the same.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1992

Asthma classification by pathophysiology and IgE-mediated allergic reaction: new concepts for classification of asthma.

Bronchial asthma was classified by the pathophysiology and by the mechanism of onset of the disease. Forty asthmatics who had serum IgE levels lower than 200 IU/ml were evaluated by two classification methods. 1. In asthma classified by a score based on clinical findings and examinations, the characteristics of the findings and examination results were compared among three asthma types, i.e., Ia. simple broncho-constriction type, Ib. bronchoconstriction+hypersecretion type, and II. bronchiolar obstruction type. Type Ib patients, in addition to manifesting hypersecretion, had a significantly higher proportion of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid compared to other asthma types. Significantly decreased values for ventilatory parameters and an increased proportion of BAL neutrophils were found in type II compared with other asthma types. 2. In a new classification by mechanism of onset, asthma was classified into three types according to the degree of participation of IgE-mediated reactions associated with specific IgE antibodies and serum levels of total IgE: asthma induced by definite IgE-mediated reaction (atopic asthma), possible IgE-mediated reactions (asthma), and asthma induced by non-IgE-mediated reaction (asthma syndrome).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Spa therapy improves ventilatory function in the small airways of patients with steroid-dependent intractable asthma (SDIA).

The improvement of ventilatory function by spa therapy was examined in 37 patients with steroid-dependent intractable asthma (SDIA) in relation to clinical asthma types. All subjects had been on long-term corticosteroid therapy before spa therapy. Spa therapy was found to improve the values of ventilatory parameters. The percent improvement in all subjects was +4.1% in %FVC, +8.9% in FEV1.0%, +9.8% in %PEFR, +22.0% in %MMF, +19.7% in %V50 and +28.2% in %V25, respectively. Relating to clinical asthma types, moderate improvement in %MMF and %V25 from 16.7% to 16.9% was observed in type Ia cases, and marked increase in %MMF, %V50 and %V25 was observed from 42.2% to 43.2% in type Ib cases. However, no significant increase was found in these parameters of types Ia or Ib after spa therapy. In patients with type II, a significant increase was shown in %V50 (p less than 0.05) and %V25 (p less than 0.01) after spa therapy. The results show that spa therapy improves the condition of small airways disorder in patients with SDIA.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1992

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

A 58-year-old farmer was admitted to our hospital because of repeated episodes of anaphylaxis. He had experienced 12 episodes of anaphylactic shock over the previous 17 years. These attacks included three episodes of bee sting. In general, the episodes occurred during farm work (exercise) and within two hours of eating cake in the afternoon. Because an immediate skin reaction to wheat flour was highly positive, a diagnosis of wheat allergy was considered. These findings suggested that his illness was consistent with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1992

Cellular composition of fluid in the airways of patients with house dust sensitive asthma, classified by clinical symptoms.

The cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was observed in 28 patients with house dust mite-sensitive asthma. The proportion of neutrophils in the BAL fluid was significantly higher in the patients between the ages of 50 and 59 and those over 60 than in the patients younger than age 39. There was a significant difference in the number of neutrophils in patients aged 30-39 years and in those over 40 at the onset of disease. The cellular composition varied among the three types of asthma; the mean percentage of cells in the BAL fluid was 1.1% neutrophils and 21.3% eosinophils in type Ia (simple bronchoconstriction), 9.1% neutrophils and 23.0% eosinophils in type Ib (bronchoconstriction + hypersecretion), and 34.4% neutrophils and 12.0% eosinophils in type II (bronchiolar obstruction). The results suggested that an increased frequency of both neutrophils and eosinophils correlates with the mechanism of hypersecretion, and that a marked increase in the proportion of neutrophils is involved in bronchiolar obstruction.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Humoral and cellular immunity to Candida albicans in patients with bronchial asthma.

Delayed cutaneous reactivity to Candida albicans (C. albicans) and PPD (purified protein derivative) was examined in 52 patients with bronchial asthma in relation to the production of specific IgG4 antibodies against the antigen. 1. The frequency of a positive, immediate skin reaction to C. albicans was similar among the five age groups, ranging from 60.0% to 66.7%. 2. The incidence of a positive delayed skin reaction to C. albicans was lower in patients between the ages of 10 and 30 and tended to decrease with aging in the patients over the age of 51. 3. A delayed skin reaction to PPD was positive in patients between 31 and 50 with a higher incidence; this incidence decreased in patients over age 51. 4. The level of C. albicans-specific IgG4 antibodies was significantly higher (26.7 u/ml) in patients with a negative delayed skin reaction to the antigen than in those with a positive reaction (5.9 u/ml) (p less than 0.001). There was no correlation between delayed skin reaction to PPD and production of specific IgG4 antibodies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

An increased level of specific IgG4 antibodies against Candida albicans in patients with bronchial asthma.

Specific IgG4 antibodies against Candida albicans in sera were measured in 76 asthmatics. The increased level of specific IgG4 was found in cases 10-40 years old sensitive to house dust mite and/or Candida albicans, in cases with steroid-dependent intractable asthma (SDIA) and in elderly cases. The frequency of SDIA was the highest in cases 41 to 60 years old with higher frequency of increased IgG4 antibodies. The results show that specific IgG4 increases in relation to IgE-mediated immune response, long-term steroid therapy, and aging. All of these conditions may induce depressed cell-mediated immunity.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Pathophysiological changes in the airways of asthma patients with aging.

Pathophysiological changes in the airways with aging were examined in 78 patients with bronchial asthma. The FEV1.0% values in patients over the age of 71, and the %MMF, %V50 and %V25 values in those over 51 were significantly lower than those of patients between the ages of 10 and 30. The frequency of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was significantly higher in patients aged between 61 and 70 than in those aged between 41 and 50 (p < 0.05). The frequency of each clinical asthma type changed with aging; the number of patients with simple bronchoconstriction type (type Ia) decreased with increasing age in patients under the age of 60, and the number of those with bronchiolar obstruction type (type II) increased with aging. The frequency of patients with bronchoconstriction+hypersecretion type (type Ib) showed a peak between the ages of 51 and 60. Bronchial reactivity to methacholine showed a tendency to decrease with aging. The release of histamine from leucocytes induced by Ca ionophore A23187 was significantly higher in patients between the ages of 10 and 30 than in those between the ages of 51 and 60 (p < 0.05) and between 61 and 70 (p < 0.01).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Histamine release and morphological changes in basophilic granulocytes of atopic asthmatics induced by antigen, anti-IgE and Ca ionophore A 23187.

Morphological changes of basophils from atopic asthmatics were compared among antigen, anti-IgE and Ca ionophore A23187 stimulation. 1. Antigen induced rapid and marked increase of histamine release from basophils compared with Ca ionophore A23187. 2. The decrease in number of basophils following stimulation with the agents was significantly higher in antigen stimulation than in Ca ionophore A23187 stimulation. 3. The increased ratio of short to long axis diameter (L/Sb ratio) of the cells, which shows an increased motility of basophils, was significantly higher in antigen stimulation. The ratio did not change by stimulation with Ca ionophore A23187. 4. Stimulation of basophils by Ca ionophore A23187 induced marked increase in mean diameter (MD) of the cells. Activation of basophils by anti-IgE was similar to that by antigen, but slower in start and shorter in duration compared with antigen. The results show that an increase in motility is essential for release mechanism of chemical mediators from basophils in antigen and anti-IgE stimulation, but not in Ca ionophore A23187 stimulation.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Asthma classification by score calculated from clinical findings and examinations. Comparison between clinical diagnosis and score diagnosis].

Asthma classification by clinical symptoms and signs (clinical diagnosis) was compared with the classification by score calculated from clinical findings and examinations (score diagnosis) in 25 patients with bronchial asthma. 1. Ten subjects classified as Ia (simple bronchoconstriction type) by clinical diagnosis were divided into 6 cases with expectoration of less than 49 ml a day and 4 cases with expectoration of between 50 and 99 ml. The level of serum IgE and number of eosinophils in BALF were significantly higher in the latter cases than in the former cases. The cases whose expectoration was from 50 to 99 ml a day were classified as Ib (bronchoconstriction with hypersecretion type) by score diagnosis. 2. The six subjects who were classified as type Ib by clinical diagnosis were also evaluated as type Ib by score diagnosis. 3. Nine of the 10 subjects classified as type II by clinical diagnosis were evaluated as type II by score diagnosis. One case, whose score was under 12 points, was evaluated as questionable type II by score diagnosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[MR evaluation of wallerian degeneration of the pyramidal tract].

This study is based on 135 magnetic resonance (MR) exams of 110 patients with wallerian degeneration of the pyramidal tract shown on MR images acquired on a mid field imaging scanner. The MR findings of wallerian degeneration were abnormal signal band along the course of the pyramidal tract and ipsilateral brain stem shrinkage. In all 110 cases an abnormal signal band was seen on T2-weighted spin-echo images, that is, a hypointense band in four exams between 30 days and 116 days after onset of symptoms, and hyperintense bands in 122 exams. The hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images was shown in most cases after 200 days from the onset. In one case a signal of the pyramidal tract showed a hyperintense band at 7 days, hypointense at 30 days, and hyperintense again at 123 days after onset. Sequential MR exams of another case showed gradual narrowing of the hyperintense signal band and progression of the ipsilateral brainstem shrinkage. The narrowing of the pyramidal tract and the ipsilateral brain stem shrinkage tended to be shown after 6 months from onset.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Development of a high-resolution digital tomosynthesis system and its clinical application.

Conventional tomography has been criticized for its low contrast caused by scattered radiation and tomographic blur. The authors developed a digital tomosynthesis system as a substitute for conventional tomography. With the image processor in the system, two types of postprocessing can be performed to improve the quality of synthesized tomograms. One-dimensional spatial frequency filtering effectively reduces linear tomographic blur and enhances image information when an appropriate filter is used. Correction of structure mottle helps enhance the image clarity. The system allows reconstruction of tomograms at any desired depth and performance of tomosynthetic angiography and dual-energy subtraction. The system solves some of the problems associated with plain tomography and dual-energy subtraction and provides diagnostic clinical images.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Specific IgE, IgG and IgG4 antibodies against house dust mite in patients with bronchial asthma.

Serum levels of total IgE, specific IgE, IgG and IgG4 against house dust mite were measured in mite-sensitive asthma patients receiving immunotherapy with house dust. Serum levels of total IgE, mite specific IgE and IgG did not significantly change during the course of hyposensitization. Increased levels of mite specific IgG4 were observed in patients during immunotherapy. The increase in specific IgG4 was dependent on the total dose of house dust administered in both children (r = 0.636, p less than 0.001) and adults (r = 0.629, p less than 0.01). However, the increase of specific IgG4 in adults was not as apparent as in children. These results might suggest that mite specific IgG4 is a useful immunological marker in the immunotherapy for allergic asthma, and that IgG4 antibody acts as a blocking antibody in atopic bronchial asthma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical characteristics of bronchial asthma in the elderly in relation to cell component in the airways].

Cellular responses in the airways of bronchial asthma, which might be affected with aging, were compared between 28 elderly (60 years old or more) and 28 younger (40 years old or less) patients with bronchial asthma. The cellular responses were observed to differentiate 500 cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), excluding epithelial cells. The average frequency of each type of cell in the BALF of the elderly asthmatics was 65.7% for macrophages, 15.5% for lymphocytes, 8.9% for neutrophils and 9.5% for eosinophils. In the younger asthmatics the average frequency was 61.8% for macrophages, 17.1% for lymphocytes, 4.1% for neutrophils and 16.1% for eosinophils. A significant increase in the frequency of neutrophils in BALF of the elderly cases was observed in steroid-dependent intractable asthmatics compared to the younger cases (p less than 0.05). An increase in frequency of eosinophils in the younger cases was also observed, although the difference in the frequency was not significant between the elderly and the younger intractable cases. A significant difference in the frequency of each type of cell in the clinical type of bronchial asthma was not present between the elderly and the younger cases. However, the frequency of neutrophils in elderly cases was significantly increased in Ib. bronchospasm + hypersecretion type compared to Ia. bronchospasm type (p less than 0.05), and was more elevated in II. bronchiolar obstruction type (p less than 0.01). The frequency of neutrophils was markedly more increased in the elderly cases with poor prognosis than in the younger cases (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Characteristic of cell components in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with bronchial asthma classified by clinical symptoms].

The characteristics of cell components in BALF were examined in three groups of 104 patients with bronchial asthma, classified by clinical symptoms. 1. The frequency of neutrophils in BALF was significantly higher in patients with hypersecretion type (Ib) and in cases with bronchiolar obstruction type (II) than in cases with simple bronchoconstriction type (Ia). 2. A significantly higher proportions of neutrophils in BALF was observed in atopic asthmatics with type Ib than in non-atopic asthmatics with type Ib. 3. More frequency with moderate or high grade of eosinophilia in BALF were observed in cases with type Ib, whether they were atopic or non-atopic type. 4. More frequency with moderate or high grade of neutrophilia in BALF were observed in atopic cases with Ib and in both atopic and non-atopic cases with II. 5. Cases with moderate and high grade of both eosinophilia and neutrophilia in BALF were more frequent in atopic cases with Ib. The results suggest followings--1) both eosinophils and neutrophils participate in hypersecretion of type Ib in atopic cases, and only eosinophils in non-atopic cases. 2) neutrophils participate in bronchiolar obstruction of type II, whether they are atopic or non-atopic cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Analysis of lymphocyte response to chironomid midge antigens in asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals.

Chironomid antigens are currently one of the important allergens for bronchial asthma in Japan. We evaluated in vitro responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to chironomid antigens and compared these responses with serum IgE levels. PBLs from adult asthmatic patients showed stronger proliferation in response to the extract of adult midges of Chironomus yoshimatsui compared with healthy adults. On the other hand, elevated PBL responses of child asthmatic patients to chironomid antigens were not observed. There was no significant correlation between PBL proliferation and the serum IgE level. Our results might suggest that elevated PBL proliferation in response to chironomid allergens has somehow important pathogenic roles in adult cases although this does not correlate directly with specific IgE production.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Immunoallergological studies on chironomid antigen in bronchial asthma].

Immuno-allergological studies on Tokunagayusurika akamusi (TA), a chironomid, were carried out in 217 patients with bronchial asthma. 1. Skin reaction to TA was positive in 72 (33.2%) out of the 217 patients with bronchial asthma. 2. Fifteen (13.8%) of the 109 patients showed a significant amount of histamine release (more than 15%) from basophils stimulated by TA antigen. 3. There was a significant correlation between skin reaction and histamine release by TA antigen. 4. A significant amount of basophil histamine release was observed in young patients, and in those who were under 40 years old of age at the onset of the disease. The serum IgE concentration of these patients was relatively high. 5. There was a significant correlation between basophil histamine release by TA antigen and specific IgE antibody to CTT. 6. There were no significant differences in skin reaction or histamine release by TA antigen between asthmatics in Okayama and Tottori prefectures.

Adolescent↗