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Biomedical subjects

Y Takayama

Publications and source records attributed to Y Takayama.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Serum total cholesterol and mortality in a Japanese population.

Although the relation between serum total cholesterol and coronary heart disease is well established, the relation with mortality from non-coronary disease is controversial. Inverse relations of serum cholesterol with hemorrhagic stroke and cancer have stimulated the examination of cholesterol-non-coronary mortality associations. The population surveyed is 12,187 men and women aged 40-69 years living in Yao City, a suburb of Osaka, who undertook baseline examinations between 1975 and 1984 and had no history of stroke and coronary heart disease at baseline. The subjects were followed on average 8.9 years until the end of 1988 using systematic mortality surveillance. During the follow-up, there were 343 deaths, comprising 170 cancer deaths (International Classification of Death 9th edition: ICD-9, 140-239), 21 coronary heart disease deaths (ICD-9, 410-414), 67 other cardiovascular deaths (ICD-9, 390-458 excluding 410-414), and 85 non-cardiovascular, non-cancer deaths. There was a significant inverse association of serum cholesterol with total and cancer mortality for men, and no significant association for women. The cholesterol-disease association, although not significant, was positive for coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular disease deaths, and inverse for non-cardiovascular, non-cancer deaths in both sexes. The inverse association of serum cholesterol with total and cancer mortality for men remained significant after controlling for age, job classification, hypertension category, usual alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and relative weight index.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Regulation of Src family kinases in the developing rat brain: correlation with their regulator kinase, Csk.

We have so far suggested that the functions of Src family protein-tyrosine kinases are under the control of their regulator kinase, Csk. To evaluate the role of Csk-mediated regulation in neural tissues, we examined the correlation between the activities of Src family kinases and the expression level of Csk during development of the rat brain. Csk was expressed at high levels in the developing embryonic brain and then rapidly decreased as the brain matured. Consistent with the decrease in the Csk level, the kinase activity of a member of the Src family, Fyn, was greatly enhanced, but that of Src was not correlated inversely with the level of Csk expression. Src exhibited elevated activity in the developing brain, in which a neuronal form of Src (N-Src) is expressed as the dominant form of Src. Although N-Src was readily down-regulated by Csk when coexpressed in yeast, it showed much higher specific activity than c-Src, even in the repressed form. These findings suggest that neural tissues acquire high activities of Src family kinases, which might be important for differentiation and development of the nervous system, through induction of the active form of Src (N-Src) and down-regulation of their suppresser, Csk.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Impaired stereoacuity due to a lesion in the left pulvinar.

A right-handed patient with a haematoma in the left pulvinar showed impaired stereoacuity. In contrast with previous reports, he did not show peripheral visual extinction or prolonged reaction times for targets on the side contralateral to the lesion.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1994

Effect of ventriculoarterial coupling on residual left ventricular pump function in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction.

To study the ventriculoarterial coupling in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction (MI), 26 diabetic and 34 nondiabetic patients were investigated using radionuclide angiography in the 3rd week after acute MI. Effective arterial elastance was nearly one half of left ventricular end-systolic elastance in nondiabetic patients. On the other hand, effective arterial elastance was twice left ventricular end-systolic elastance in diabetic patients. These data suggest that a decrease in left ventricular contractility and an increase in effective arterial elastance lead to increased potential energy and decreased work efficiency in diabetic patients.

Arteries↗
PubMed1994

Neglect in three dimensions.

OBJECTIVES: Neglect in vertical and radial directions is rarely evaluated systematically in patients with brain damage. METHOD AND RESULTS: Using the line bisection task, we confirmed that some patients with unilateral brain damage manifest vertical or radial spatial neglect. In fact, patients with severe left horizontal neglect tend to have severe vertical neglect. CONCLUSION: Because vertical and radial neglect may affect the ability to perform functional daily activities, occupational therapists need to address the existence of vertical and radial neglect when evaluating and training patients with brain damage.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Isolation and characterization of a new 12-membered macrolide FD-895.

During the course of our screening program for natural product drugs effective against multidrug resistant cells by using adriamycin resistant HL-60 cells, we have discovered a new 12 membered macrolide FD-895 in the fermentation broth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus A-9561 isolated from a soil sample collected at Iriomote Island, Okinawa prefecture, Japan. FD-895 showed stronger cytocidal activities against in vitro tumor cell lines than adriamycin. FD-895 had the same IC50 values against parent and adriamycin resistant HL-60 cells.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Antibacteriological activities of arbekacin and vancomycin against strains of MRSA].

The activities of arbekacin (ABK) and vancomycin (VCM) against MRSA were compared, and the results are as follows. 1. In antibacterial activities (MIC value) against 142 strains of MRSA, MIC50 of ABK was two times less than that of VCM. MIC90's were both 1.56 micrograms/ml. 2. ABK was also superior to VCM in bactericidal activities within a short time against 100 strains of MRSA. After 4 hours, 42 strains were killed to below 10(-2) by 2 MIC of ABK, but 6 strains were killed to 10(-2) by 4 MIC of VCM. 3. Against the MRSA 1936 strain, neither ABK nor VCM was active, when an inoculum size of about 10(8) CFU/ml was used. At an inoculum size of 10(5) CFU/ml, ABK showed strong bactericidal activity in a dose dependent manner, while bacteria killing activity of VCM was time dependent. 4. In experimental infections with the MRSA 1936 strain, ABK showed high bactericidal activity rapidly, and area of body that showed bacterial inhibition appeared to be large compared to that obtained with VCM. 5. As to protection from MRSA infections, ABK was significantly superior to VCM in activities against 3 out of 4 strains of MRSA tested. ABK showed more pronounced efficacy when administered in a single dose than in divided doses. These results indicated that ABK would exhibit therapeutic efficacy in a short time.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1993

A new member of the C1s family of complement proteins found in a bactericidal factor, Ra-reactive factor, in human serum.

The Ra-reactive factor (RaRF) found in vertebrate sera activates the C4 and C2 components of complement. The C4/C2-activating component of mouse RaRF has been found to contain a 100-kDa serine protease called P100. In the present study, we cloned a cDNA with cDNA of mouse RaRF P100 as a probe from a human liver cDNA library. An open reading frame of 2097 nucleotides encoding a protein of 699 residues was found in the cloned cDNA of 4489 nucleotides. This protein exhibits 87.4% amino acid homology with mouse P100, and 36.4% and 37.1% homologies with that of the C1r and C1s subcomponents of human complement, respectively. The characteristic nodules and domain of C1r and C1s were highly conserved in this protein. This indicates that the P100, together with the C1r and C1s, forms a unique protein family having the same module/domain constitution.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Presence of a serine protease in the complement-activating component of the complement-dependent bactericidal factor, RaRF, in mouse serum.

A 100-kDa protein was isolated from the complement-activating component of mouse Ra-reactive factor. It generated a 29-kDa chain upon reduction. Partial amino acid sequences of the 29-kDa chain were determined after fragmentation with CNBr. A 386-bp-long probe was synthesized by the polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers designed by reference to the amino acid sequence. Using this probe, we cloned a 3.7-kb DNA from a mouse liver cDNA library. The amino acid sequence of the 29-kDa chain deduced from the nucleotide sequence of this cDNA was consistent with the amino acid sequences determined. The full sequence was found to have characteristics of a serine protease and exhibited 29% and 30% homologies with those of light chains of the C1r and C1s subcomponents of complement, respectively.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Development and preliminary application of a simple assay of S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase activity in human liver microsomes.

We have developed a simple HPLC assay to measure the activity of S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase in human liver microsomes, and have assessed its practical applicability by determining the kinetic parameters of the enzyme in 10 different human liver samples. The recovery of 4-hydroxymephenytoin and phenobarbital (the internal standard) after the precipitation of microsomal protein was almost complete, and the coefficients of variation for the intra- and interassay measurement of S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase activity were < 6.4 and 8.0%, respectively. Eadie-Hofstee plots for the formation of 4-hydroxymephenytoin gave a straight line for all of the 10 samples studied. There was large interindividual variability in the kinetic parameters estimated: 4.6- (36 to 166 microM), 11.8- (0.9 to 10.6 nmole/mg protein/h) and 30.1- times (0.10 to 3.01 microliters/mg protein/min) for Km, Vmax and Vmax/Km, respectively. The mean (+/- SD) Km, Vmax and Vmax/Km were 72.4 +/- 40.4 microM, 4.23 +/- 2.88 nmole/mg protein/h and 1.33 +/- 1.02 microliters/mg protein/min, respectively. Thus, the assay was sufficiently accurate and reproducible to permit estimation of the kinetic parameters of S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase in human liver microsomes, and it appears to be applicable to an in vitro study of the possible involvement of S-mephenytoin-type oxidation polymorphism in drug metabolism.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
PubMed1993

Paraesthesia elicited by repetitive magnetic stimulation of the postcentral gyrus.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of short duration (0.3 or 0.6 s, 20 Hz) evoked paraesthesia similar to that caused by repetitive electrical stimulation. Since the points eliciting the paraesthesia were approximately 2 cm posterior from those eliciting motor responses, the paraesthesia stemmed from direct excitation of the post-central gyrus. The paraesthesia showed somatotopical representation: the point eliciting the paraesthesia in the leg was separated from the point eliciting the paraesthesia in the hand 2.9 cm medially in one subject, and 1 cm posteriorly and 1 cm medially in the other subject. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation provides a painless, noninvasive method for mapping cortical sensory representation in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Mortality of frail elderly people living at home in relation to housing conditions.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to identify any relationship between the mortality of frail elderly people living at home and their housing conditions. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cohort of frail elderly people living in Yao City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan was followed for six years. Data on demographic variables, activities of daily living, the disease that was the main cause of the disability, medical treatment, the feasibility of continuing family care, and some housing conditions were collected in December 1983 by interview during home visits. Deaths were checked for each year for five years. SUBJECTS: Altogether 423 people aged 65 years or more living at home in Yao City who were disabled and housebound for at least three months were studied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Life table analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were done. The cumulative survival rates of old people with good housing conditions were higher than those with poor housing conditions in each group stratified by age, sex, or the activities of daily living level. The odds ratio for poor housing conditions compared with good housing conditions for five year mortality remained highly significant after adjustment for potential confounding factors including age, sex, and the activities of daily living level by logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality of frail elderly people living at home is affected by housing conditions. Programmes to improve housing conditions of the disabled are important for home care of the elderly.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

A case of foreign accent syndrome without aphasia caused by a lesion of the left precentral gyrus.

We report a case of foreign accent syndrome (FAS) without aphasia. The patient was a right-handed, 44-year-old woman, a native Japanese. Disposition and inversion of pitch accents and appearance of unnecessary stress accents made her speech sound foreign, like that of a Korean. MRI demonstrated an infarction in the middle fifth of the posterior lateral aspect of the left precentral gyrus. Limited motor cortex damage causes FAS without dysarthria, apraxia of speech, or aphasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of the leukotriene receptor antagonist ONO-1078 on extravascular lung water after coronary ligation in dogs.

To determine whether or not leukotrienes are associated with pulmonary edema after coronary ligation in dogs, we studied the effects of a specific leukotriene C4/D4 antagonist, ONO-1078, on extravascular lung water, as measured by the thermal-dye double indicator dilution method (Extravascular thermal volume, ETV). Six dogs served as a sham control (group 1). The proximal left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 45 min in 6 dogs (group 2), and in 6 others the coronary artery was ligated after pretreatment with ONO-1078 (1 mu/kg/min) (group 3). ETV and pulmonary arterial pressure were measured at control and 45 min after coronary ligation. In group 1, no significant change was found in ETV. Although there was no significant increase in pulmonary arterial pressure after coronary ligation, ETV significantly increased in groups 2 and 3. ETV increased more in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, but there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. Thus, ONO-1078 did not effectively prevent the accumulation of extravascular lung water after coronary ligation, indicating that leukotrienes are not important mediators of pulmonary edema after myocardial ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pulmonary edema after anteroseptal acute myocardial infarction.

To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with anteroseptal myocardial infarction (MI) initially presenting with pulmonary edema, we analyzed 58 patients with anteroseptal MI who underwent emergency coronary arteriography that revealed single-vessel disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Of the 58 patients, pulmonary edema was observed in 24 patients (group A) and was absent in 34 patients (group B). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was significantly higher, and cardiac output was significantly lower in group A. The site of coronary stenosis, maximum serum creatinine kinase value, and wall motion point score did not differ between the two groups. However, the incidence of previous hypertension and posterior wall thickness > or = 11 mm was significantly higher in group A than in group B (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Thus, impaired left ventricular diastolic filling in the non-MI segments due to higher incidence of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy was considered to be the possible cause of pulmonary edema.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1993

Effect of STZ administration on islet isograft and allograft survival in NOD mice.

We examined the effect of a single STZ administration on subsequent islet isograft and allograft survival in NOD mice. Young prediabetic NOD mice were rendered diabetic by STZ administration and transplanted with islet isografts 8-11 days later. The earliest loss of islet function occurred on postgraft day 49. In sharp contrast, 15 of 16 isografts in spontaneously diabetic mice were destroyed within 17 days postgrafting. A comparison of the age of islet isograft destruction in STZ-induced diabetic NOD mice with the course of diabetes development in the NOD mouse colony clearly showed that STZ administration at the prediabetic stage led to a significant delay of diabetes onset in isografts. When STZ was given to overtly diabetic NOD mice, both islet isografts and allografts survived significantly longer than those in untreated, spontaneously diabetic NOD mice. However, the degree of prolongation induced by STZ was much smaller compared with that induced by ALS, a potent immunosuppressive reagent. In vitro mixed lymphocyte culture experiments showed that spleen cells of mice given STZ exhibited time-dependent reduction of their alloantigen reactivities. These results demonstrate that STZ, which is commonly used to induce diabetes in various experimental animals, also possesses an immunosuppressive property, although it is relatively weak compared with ALS.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Quality of life following liver transplantation].

247 liver transplantations in 210 patients were done between June 1983 and April 1991 in our hospital. In this paper we have analyzed our experience with adult liver transplantation from the view point of quality of life after liver transplant. Indications for liver transplantation were the following: 46 patients with cirrhosis due to non A, non B hepatitis, 29 with alcoholic cirrhosis, 13 with hepatitis B, 34 with primary biliary cirrhosis, 26 with primary sclerosing cholangitis, 29 with acute hepatic necrosis, 10 with liver tumor, 13 with miscellaneous other diseases. Of the 210 patients, 125 are alive to date. One, three and five year survival rates (excluding perioperative death) of all patients were 80.2%, 70.6% and 65.45% respectively. The best rehabilitation is in 73 patients who are full time workers or full time students and in 16 patients who are homemakers. The degree of rehabilitation in these patients is very high: 6 patients died after achieving complete rehabilitation; 11 patients retired from employment after liver transplantation; 8 patients are chronically disabled; 79 patients died before rehabilitation could be achieved. Rehabilitation rates of one and five year survivors are 78% and 84.2% respectively. Quality of life has been satisfactory following liver transplantation.

Adolescent↗