Biomedical subjects

Y Takada

Publications and source records attributed to Y Takada.

821 records · Page 46Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Combination of preoperative embolization of the right portal vein and hepatic artery prior to major hepatectomy in high-risk patients: a preliminary report.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization may not always be sufficient to achieve the desired changes in contralateral hepatic volume and function. The beneficial role of additional transcatheter arterial embolization performed after inadequate response to preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization is described. METHODOLOGY: Four patients underwent both preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization and transcatheter arterial embolization, and 6 control patients underwent preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization only. Changes in right liver lobe volume fraction, residual left lobe volume fraction, and prediction score (low-risk, < 45; borderline, 45-55; high-risk > 55); were evaluated. RESULTS: 1) The change in right liver lobe volume after both preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization and transcatheter arterial embolization (volume after/before) was 0.75 times that of the original level whereas after preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization, they were only 0.81 times that of the original level. 2) The change in residual left liver volume after both preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization and transcatheter arterial embolization (volume after/before) was 1.40 times that of the original level whereas after preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization they were only 1.30 times than the original level. The changes in left liver volume after preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization/transcatheter arterial embolization was more favorable than those after preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization only. 3) The change in prediction score after both preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization and transcatheter arterial embolization (after/before) was 0.81 times that of the original level. All prediction score in high-risk patients recovered to the borderline or safety zone. Change after preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization only (before/after) was 0.87 times that of the original level. 4) All 4 patients who underwent both preoperative transhepatic portal vein embolization and transcatheter arterial embolization received right hepatic lobectomy successfully and returned to their normal life style. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative occlusion of right hepatic inflow vessels increased the volume and function of the contralateral lobe where high-risk patients recovered to the borderline zone for major hepatic resection.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mating in Bacillus thuringiensis can induce plasmid integrative prophage J7W-1.

Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis, a bacterium which possesses plasmid transfer ability after mating, has been lysogenized by plasmid integrative phage J7W-1. The induction of phage in this J7W-1 lysogen was observed after mating with phage-insensitive strains, such as B. thuringiensis serovar thuringiensis, B. cereus and B. subtilis, as well as the phage-sensitive strain serovar israelensis. The phage induction was not observed after mating with B. thuringiensis strains AF101, serovar dendrolimus and serovar indiana. Because these strains are naturally associated with J7W-1 or its related phage, the data strongly suggest a constitutive expression of the repressor encoded by the prophage in these strains. However, the phage induction was observed in B. thuringiensis serovar aizawai, although it contained the J7W-1 DNA homologous region(s).

Bacillus Phages↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic resection for metastatic tumors from noncolorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The role of liver resection for hepatic metastases from noncolorectal carcinomas has yet to be clarified. The present study examines a single institutional experience of hepatic resection for noncolorectal metastases. METHODOLOGY: From January 1987 to March 1999, 14 patients underwent curative resection for liver metastases from noncolorectal carcinomas. Records of these patients were reviewed. RESULTS: Resections were performed for liver metastases from gastric cancers (n = 8), pancreatic cancers (n = 2), and cancers of bile duct, the papilla of Vater, kidney, and breast (n = 1, each). Six patients (5 with gastric cancers and 1 with pancreas cancer) presented with synchronous disease and 8 with metachronous disease. In the gastric cancer patients, there are 2 disease-free survivors (26 and 53 months) in the metachronous group, though all of the 5 patients with synchronous disease died within 29 months. All of the 4 patients with pancreatobiliary carcinomas died within 2 years. One case of breast cancer and another of renal cell cancer are alive without disease at 49 and 9 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For metastases from gastric cancers, better survival after hepatic resection is expected in metachronous cases than in synchronous cases. Hepatic resection may afford little benefit for patients with liver metastases from pancretobiliary cancers.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Telomerase activity in endoscopically visible lung cancer.

To examine the correlation between telomerase activity and clinical features in patients with lung cancer, we examined 86 patients with endoscopically visible lung cancer including 61 with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 25 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Telomerase activity was detected by using Telomerase ELISA Kit (Böhringer Manheim, Germany). The median and interquartile ranges of telomerase activity in normal lung, NSCLC and SCLC were 65 and 51-75, 106 and 58-349 and 285 and 117-2214, respectively. Normal lung, NSCLC and SCLC had significantly different telomerase activity (p < or = 0.0001). Between NSCLC and SCLC, SCLC exhibited higher telomerase activity than did NSCLC (p=0.0029). A cut-off level of absorbance [A450nm-A690nm] of 86 derived from 90% specificity in normal lung was used; sensitivity for overall lung cancer, NSCLC and SCLC was 62.8%, 54.1% and 84.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference in telomerase activity between each stage in NSCLC (p=0.9243). In SCLC, however, the median and interquartile range of telomerase activity in extensive disease (2128 and 292-2681) was significantly higher than those in limited disease (207 and 97-252) (p=0.0285).

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of gamma-oryzanol on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in dyslipidemic schizophrenics receiving major tranquilizers.

The subjects were 20 chronic schizophrenic patients with dyslipidemia (total cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 220 mg/dl, triglycerides greater than or equal to 150 mg/dl, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol less than or equal to 40 mg/dl) who had been receiving neuroleptics for a mean of ten years. Each patient was given 100 mg of gamma-oryzanol three times daily for 16 weeks. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, respectively, decreased significantly, from 204 and 124 mg/dl at baseline to 176 and 101 mg/dl at week 12. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 36.1 mg/dl at baseline and 35.9 mg/dl at week 12. Apolipoprotein (apo) B levels decreased significantly from 116 mg/dl to 101 mg/dl at week 16; apo A-II levels increased significantly from 31.7 mg/dl to 34.7 mg/dl; and the apo B/apo A-I ratio declined significantly from 0.99 to 0.84. No treatment side effects were recorded. It is concluded that gamma-oryzanol is safe and effective in the treatment of dyslipidemia.

Antipsychotic Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acute skin reactions observed in fractionated proton irradiation.

Between May 1985 and July 1987, 49 skin reactions of 43 patients treated by proton irradiation were observed at the Particle Radiation Medical Science Center (PARMS), The University of Tsukuba. Taking the peak skin score as an endpoint, the radiobiological effects [relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and time-dose relationships] of the proton beam in multi-fractionated treatments were estimated. Factors influencing the skin dose, such as the prescribed tumor dose, tumor site, and number of applied fields, were also analyzed. The following conclusions regarding acute skin reactions to the clinical use of proton irradiation were obtained: 1) the physical skin-sparing effect of proton irradiation in single-field irradiation, especially in superficial regions, is not large compared with that of high-energy photon irradiation; 2) multidirectional proton irradiation significantly reduced the skin dose and severity of acute reactions; 3) the radiobiological effects of the proton beam, RBE and the time factor, estimated in human skin in multi-fractional treatment were slightly smaller than those of X-rays, i.e., 0.92 and -0.25 +/- 0.09, respectively.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Wool grease-derived alpha-monohydric fatty alcohols are carcinostatic depending on their branched alkyl moiety bulkiness.

Wool fatty alcohols (WF-Alc) separated from esterolysates of sheep cutaneous wax were fractionated by molecular distillation and HPLC, resulting in two homogeneous antitumor compounds identified by GC-MS and 13C-/1H-NMR as a-monohydric branched saturated fatty alcohols, 14-methyl-1-pentadecanol (iso-C16OH) and 14-methyl-1-hexadecanol (anteiso-C17OH). Both the alcohols markedly prolonged the life-span of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma- or S180 fibrosarcoma-implanted mice without acute toxic side-effects, whereas other iso- or n-fatty alcohols (C16-C30) contained in WF-Alc were slightly effective. Thus antitumor activity of WF-Alc depended on the molecular balanced hydrophobicity attributed to both the branched alkyl moiety bulkiness derived from the diverse fatty alcohols contained, and a hydroxyl group.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of changes in serotonergic measures in whole blood or plasma and brain in rats given nicotine and/or stresses.

Effects of two kinds of stresses (electric foot shock and water immersion restraint) on serotonergic measures in whole blood or plasma, and whole brain in rats administered with or without nicotine were studied. Plasma tryptophan levels increased after foot shock, but decreased after restraint. Stresses given to nicotine administered rats resulted in decrease in plasma tryptophan levels. Foot shock increased plasma levels of serotonin (5-HT) and restraint decreased its levels in plasma. Plasma and blood 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels increased in rats given stress and nicotine. 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio (turnover rate of 5-HT) in plasma and blood increased only in rats given stresses and nicotine. Increase in 5-HIAA and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio in all the rats treated were the major changes in brain. There was no parallelism in changes in serotonergic measures between brain and blood or plasma, thus peripheral changes being possibly independent from changes in brain.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Novel mechanism to enhance tPA-induced fibrinolysis: effect of limited proteolysis of PAI-1 by neutrophil elastase.

The effect of the proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) by human neutrophil elastase (HNE) on fibrinolysis was investigated. HNE cleaved active recombinant prokaryotic PAI-1 (rpPAI-1) resulting in the formation of low molecular weight forms of rpPAI-1 as previously reported. The latent form of rpPAI-1 was resistant to HNE. NH2-terminal sequence analysis indicated that the cleavage site was Val355-Ser356 (P4-P3). The fact that the strained loop of the latent form of PAI-1 is buried inside the molecule most likely accounts for its resistance to HNE. After the cleavage by HNE, active rpPAI-1 lost its specific activity toward plasminogen activators. The cleavage was both enzyme concentration and time dependent, and the almost complete inactivation of rpPAI-1 (2.9 microM) activity was obtained by a HNE (83 nM) treatment for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Vitroectin partially protected active rpPAI-1 from the HNE digestion. The effect of PAI-1 cleavage by HNE on tissue type PA (tPA) induced clot lysis was studied in a purified system. Clot lysis time without rpPAI-1 was 20.0 +/- 5.0 min, and was prolonged to 86.7 +/- 2.9 min by 68 nM of rpPAI-1. It was shortened when HNE (from 0.6 nM to 80 nM) was added and returned to the value obtained without rpPAI-1 when 80 nM of HNE was present (20.0 +/- 5.8 min). In the absence of PAI-1, however, HNE did not enhance clot lysis at all. The cleavage and inactivation of PAI-1 by HNE was shown to be a novel pathway to enhance fibrinolysis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Radiotherapy of T1 and T2 glottic cancer: analysis of anterior commissure involvement.

From January 1984 to December 1993, 184 patients with previously untreated T1 and T2 (UICC 1987) laryngeal glottic cancer underwent radiotherapy at Hyogo Medical Center for Adults. The prognostic variables analyzed included sex, age, smoking index, T stage, tumor size, tumor type, gross anterior commissure involvement (gross ACI), histological differentiation, administered dose, TDF, overall treatment time, chemotherapy, initial response, and the dose required to achieve CR. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The T stage, tumor size, and gross ACI were significant variables in univariate analysis, while the tumor type and gross ACI were significant on multivariate analysis. The 5-year recurrence-free survival of patients with gross ACI was significantly worse than that of those without ACI (57.6% vs. 89.9%). Among gross ACI patients, the recurrence-free survival of those treated with 70-72 Gy was superior to that of those receiving 60-62 Gy, suggesting that at least 70 Gy was necessary to control such diseases.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Protecting the viability of hepatic allografts procured from non-heart-beating donors by blockade of endothelin and platelet activating factor in porcine liver transplantation.

PROBLEM: The function of hepatic allograft from non-heartbeating donors (NHBD) is significantly affected by warm ischemic injury before harvesting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of the endothelin (ET) antagonist TAK-044 and the platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist E5880 on the function of grafts from NHBD were evaluated in a porcine orthotopic liver transplantation. The liver grafts were subjected to 90 min of warm ischemia and 4 hours cold preservation. Group 1 (n = 4; n is the number of donor/recipient pairs) was used as a control (untreated). In group 2 (n = 4), donors and recipients were treated with TAK-044 (3 mg/kg). In group 3 (n = 4), pigs were treated with E5880 (0.3 mg/kg). In group 4 (n = 4), pigs were treated with TAK-044 and E5880. RESULTS: The 7 day survival rate of the recipients in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 0, 25, 25 and 100%, respectively (p<0.05, group 1 versus 4). The increases of the serum concentrations of aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and arterial lactate 1-4 hours after transplantation were significantly inhibited in the treated groups. CONCLUSION: The blockade of ET and PAF has protective effects on the function of hepatic grafts from NHBD.

Animals↗