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Biomedical subjects

Y Sumino

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sumino.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Scale-up of purine nucleoside fermentation from a shaking flask to a stirred-tank fermentor.

Scaling-up purine nucleoside fermentation by a mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis from a shaking flask to a stirred-tank fermentor was attempted. The dimensions and the operating conditions of the stirred tank were determined in order to satisfy the optimum conditions of O2 transfer and power consumption per unit volume for the shaking flask. When the purine nucleoside fermentation was carried out in the stirred-tank fermentor under these conditions, in which the temperature simulated that in the shaking flask, the total amount of purine nucleosides produced was almost the same as that in the shaking flask, but the accumulation ratio of guanosine to total nucleosides was different from that in the flask. Since urea could not be utilized so efficiently in the stirred-tank fermentor, the NH4+ concentration and the pH of the culture broth were lower than those in the shaking-flask culture during fermentation. The activity of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and the accumulation ratio were significantly affected by the NH+4 concentration. When the pH of the stirred-tank culture was maintained at 6.9 by ammonia water to keep the NH+4 level higher, the ratio was improved to the same level as that observed in the shaking-flask culture. The fermentation heat calculated from the shaking-flask data and its pattern of change were similar to those in the stirred-tank fermentor.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1993

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of acute alcoholic hepatitis 'pseudoparallel channel sign' of intrahepatic artery dilatation.

BACKGROUND: In an ultrasound pilot study of acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH), parallel tubular structures within the liver subsegments were observed. Pulse-Doppler flowmetry revealed that these structures were formed by a dilated hepatic arterial branch and an adjacent portal venous branch. This finding was termed the "pseudoparallel channel sign" (PPCS). The aims of this study were to assess the significance of this sign and show the characteristic ultrasound findings of AAH. METHODS: PPCS was specifically searched for on ultrasonography by two physician operators in consecutive patients (77 AAH, 119 other alcoholic liver disease, 49 nonalcoholic liver disease, and 15 healthy patients). RESULTS: PPCS was observed in 90% of patients with AAH and in 23% of patients with other alcoholic liver disease. This sign was not detected in nonalcoholic liver disease or healthy patients. Biopsy specimens were available in 100 patients, 51 of whom were patients with alcoholism. In those 51 patients, PPCS gave a sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 87%, and an accuracy of 84% in diagnosing AAH. Patients with criteria of AAH had more segments involved with PPCS than patients without. CONCLUSIONS: PPCS may be an important diagnostic finding in AAH.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Studies on the relationship between hepatic and splenic density change in dynamic CT in the presence of a large splenorenal shunt in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Using dynamic computerized tomography (CT), we studied liver and spleen hemodynamics in one group of patients with a large splenorenal shunt and another group without a large shunt. Specifically, we measured the time-to-peak hepatic and splenic enhancement and the loss of enhancement, i.e., decay time. The time-to-peak liver enhancement (61 +/- 21 s vs. 81 +/- 14 s, p < 0.05) and the splenic decay time (24 +/- 16 s vs. 48 +/- 28 s, p < 0.05) were significantly shorter in patients with a large splenorenal shunt compared to those without. The groups had similar hepatic decay times and times to peak splenic enhancement. We found dynamic CT useful in assessing the effect of a large splenorenal shunt on portal and splenic hemodynamics.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of hepatic density change by dynamic CT in healthy humans and in patients with chronic liver diseases.

Dynamic computed tomography using 0.4 ml/kg of 65% meglumine diatrizoate was performed to estimate pharmacokinetics of contrast media in the liver in healthy controls (N = 11), in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (N = 17), posthepatic liver cirrhosis (N = 21), and alcoholic liver cirrhosis (N = 23). The time of peak enhancement (the time interval between peak aortic and liver enhancement) was significantly different between each group. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis was the most prolonged, followed by posthepatic liver cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, and finally controls. A peak enhancement time of 28 sec had a diagnostic accuracy of 97% for chronic liver diseases. A time greater than 44 sec had a diagnostic accuracy for cirrhosis of 96%. The decay time (the time from peak enhancement of the liver to the curve's center of gravity) was also significantly different between each group. Again, alcoholic liver cirrhosis was the longest, followed by posthepatic liver cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, and then the controls. Dynamic computed tomography has many potential applications in studying intrahepatic physiologic events and may contain diagnostic information for chronic liver diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Incidence of ultrasound-detected intrahepatic hematomas due to Tru-cut needle liver biopsy.

This is a prospective study in which 120 patients with diffuse liver disease undergoing liver biopsy were followed by serial ultrasounds to determine the incidence of postbiopsy intrahepatic hematoma formation. Forty-five of the patients had a blind biopsy, while the remaining 75 patients had a biopsy performed during laparoscopy. In both groups a 2.0-mm Tru-cut needle was employed. The overall incidence of postbiopsy hematoma formation was 18.3%, with approximately the same results occurring in blind biopsy patients (20%) and laparoscopy-guided biopsy patients (17%). Only two patients had significant pain associated with the hematoma formation (one from each group), one of whom had evidence of intraperitoneal bleed and rebleed. Our results suggest that postbiopsy asymptomatic hematomas occur more frequently than had been generally thought and that laparoscopy-guided biopsy is not safer than blind biopsy.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1991

Measurements of ultrasonic pulse arrival time differences produced by abdominal wall specimens.

The influence of propagation medium inhomogeneities on pulsatile ultrasonic fields has been investigated experimentally. The study employed a special curved transducer to produce a hemispherical wave pulse and a linear array to measure the resulting field along a line in a plane. Translation of the array in the elevation direction yielded data over a two-dimensional aperture. Time delay across the aperture was calculated by adding delay differences obtained by cross-correlating signals on adjacent elements and noting the position of the cross-correlation peaks. Received waveforms were shifted an amount given by the difference between the actual arrival time and a calculated geometric delay to isolate arrival time differences due to propagation path inhomogeneities. Waveform and time delay difference plots as well as histograms and statistics derived from them for propagation through a water path and for propagation through five specimens of human abdominal wall indicate that arrival time fluctuations in the presence of human abdominal wall specimens are significantly greater than for a water path and that degradation in focusing through human abdominal wall can be expected in ultrasonic imaging systems that operate in the low megahertz range and employ a relatively large aperture.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on the mode of progression of alcoholic liver disease].

In order to elucidate the mode of progression of alcoholic liver disease, relationships among the drinking style, laboratory data, anti-HCV antibody and histological changes were investigated on 36 patients in whom the liver biopsy was repeatedly done. Following results were obtained (1) In the group of continuous drinking over 100g ethanol per day, histological progression was found in 11 of 13 patients (85%) regardless of positive anti-HCV. On the other hand, in the group of abstinence or temperance less than 60g daily alcohol intake, histological improvement was found in 6 of 11 patients (55%). (2) Histological improvement was predominantly seen by abstinence or temperance in the cases with lower levels of serum IgA and adenosine deaminase (ADA) on hospitalization and those with rapid decrease in serum gamma-GTP after hospitalization. In conclusion, the amount of ethanol was considered to be the most important factor to affect on a progression of alcoholic liver diseases. Assessment of laboratory data such as IgA and ADA on hospitalization and change in gamma-GTP after hospitalization were also thought to be useful in foreseeing the prognosis of alcoholic liver disease.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

Purification and characterization of acid urease from Lactobacillus fermentum.

Acid urease was purified to an electrophoretically homogeneous state, and the molecular weight was estimated to be 220,000. The enzyme consisted of three kinds of subunits, designated alpha, beta and gamma, with molecular weights of 67,000, 16,800 and 8600, respectively, in a (alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 1)2 structure. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.8. The nickel content was found to be 1.9 atoms of nickel per alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 1 unit. The amino acid profile was different from those of known bacterial neutral ureases. The enzyme was most active at pH 2 and around 65 degrees C. It was stable between pH 3 and 9, and below 50 degrees C. The Km for urea was 2.7 mM at pH 2. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+, p-chloromercuribenzoate and acetohydroxamate. The enzyme was separated into three subunits by reverse phase HPLC. The amino terminal amino acid sequences of the subunits alpha, beta and gamma were Ser-Phe-Asp-Met-, Met-Val-Pro-Gly- and Met-Arg-Leu-Thr-, respectively.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Clinico-pathological studies of alcoholic liver disease, especially on the diagnostic significance of endogenous bile acid tolerance test].

Endogenous bile acid tolerance test was performed in 88 patients with alcoholic liver disease and results obtained were compared with histological features in their liver biopsy specimens. An increase of serum fasting total bile acid (FTBA) and maximum total bile acid (MTBA) was closely reflected the degrees of hepatic fibrosis and they were seemed to be useful for differential diagnosis and clinical observation of the alcoholic liver disease. We have been reported the criteria of the grading for bile acid tolerance test at Inuyama Symposium in 1977. With the use of this criteria, we applied it to alcoholic liver disease. The results of bile acid tolerance test were normal in patients with ALF mild, fatty liver and no remarkable change, these were slightly abnormal in patients with ALF moderate and severe, these were severe abnormal in patients with ALC. Bile acid tolerance test is a sensitive liver function test. However, this method is too complex for clinical use. Therefore, we recommend to use the serum bile acid level at 60 minutes after the yolk loading (60min-TBA), because we found 60min-TBA was almost the same as MTBA and accurately reflect the liver morphology. So, we concluded measurement of FTBA and 60min-TBA were adequate, especially in outpatients, to evaluate the progress of alcoholic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study on alcoholic pancreatitis in alcoholics (especially in ERP findings)].

The pancreatic functions (PFD test and 75g GTT), pancreatic enzymes (serum-amylase, urine-amylase, serum-elastase I and serum-lipase), alcohol consumption histories, clinical symptoms, histological findings in the liver and ERP findings have been examined in 66 alcoholic patients. Fourty two out of 66 cases (64%) showed abnormal ERP findings which were compatible with chronic pancreatitis. But among these 42 cases, only 9 cases (21%) showed clinical symptoms such as epigastralgia, back pain, diarrhea and emaciation which suggest the existence of chronic pancreatitis. The degree of liver damage, alcohol consumption have no significant correlation with ERP findings. Furthermore, the severe alcoholic pancreatitis occurred in patients having mild liver injury more than those having severe liver injury such as cirrhosis. And the data of pancreatic functions and enzymes could not confirm ERP findings especially in patients with mild and moderate pancreatic injury when compared to normal ERP findings. We concluded that asymptomatic alcoholic pancreatitis occurred more frequently in painless alcoholic. It may be not suitable for only using the normal pancreatic functions test to diagnose the alcohol induced chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Marked increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein level in cirrhosis: a case report.

A 56-yr-old Japanese man with chronic liver disease was admitted for evaluation of increased serum alpha-fetoprotein reaching levels as high as 7190 ng/ml. The presence of hepatocellular carcinoma was ruled out by computed tomography and hepatic angiography. Laparoscopy and liver biopsy sample showed active liver cirrhosis. alpha-Fetoprotein granules were positive in hepatocytes. The rise in serum alpha-fetoprotein level was transitory and returned to less than 100 ng/ml 4 wk later. It was suggested that regeneration after acute exacerbation of cirrhosis might have been closely related to the dramatic increase in alpha-fetoprotein production.

Chronic Disease↗