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Biomedical subjects

Y Sumi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sumi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A follow-up study of pulmonary function tests, bronchoalveolar lavage cells, and humoral and cellular immunity in bird fancier's lung.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The long-term outcome of bird fancier's lung appears to be variable. The objective of this study is to clarify the sequelae of disease process in bird fancier's lung, with special reference to the humoral and cellular immune responses after avoidance of direct antigen exposure. METHODS: Five patients with bird fancier's lung were studied for various parameters including pulmonary function tests, cellular profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, determinations of antibodies in BAL fluids and sera, and antigen-induced proliferation of peripheral and bronchoalveolar lymphocytes during the 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Four of five patients showed improvement in pulmonary function, and one showed marked deterioration. This patient's room was close to the pigeon coop where her son was breeding pigeons, resulting in low-grade antigenic stimulation. Three patients demonstrated an increase in CD8+ cells in BAL fluid, but the remaining two showed an increase in CD4+ cells. The levels of IgA antibodies remained unchanged, whereas IgG levels started declining after the first 3 years of follow-up. Antigen-induced proliferation of BAL lymphocytes from all five patients and blood lymphocytes from four of five patients became weaker and gradually approached normal levels. One patient had pulmonary fibrosis and showed significant reduction in pulmonary functions but elevated reactivity of BAL lymphocytes to pigeon antigens. CONCLUSION: This follow-up study demonstrates persistence of sensitized lymphocytes and antibody production in the respiratory tract and warrants careful evaluation of patients with bird fancier's lung, even after antigen avoidance.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Day-night changes in melatonin levels in different organs of the cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus).

Day-night levels of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) were determined in different organs of adult female crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) exposed to a 12/12 light/dark cycle, using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorometric detection. Melatonin levels in the compound eye, brain, and palp were significantly higher during the dark period than during the light period, suggesting that a diurnal rhythm of melatonin levels exists in these organs of crickets, with a peak during the dark period. Conversely, melatonin levels were significantly higher during the light period than the dark period in the cercus, ovipositor, antenna, hind-leg and ovary. No significant day-night difference was found in the fore- and mid-legs, Malpighian tube, and digestive tube. Thus, these organs may have different melatonin-metabolizing systems compared to those found in the compound eye, brain, and palp. Differences in the phasing of the melatonin rhythm in various organs of the cricket suggest possible differences in melatonin function in these organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Determination of a common clonal origin of gastric and pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas presenting five years apart.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is often mis-diagnosed as a benign tumor. Dissemination to other sites occurs in MALT lymphoma. We report a 60-year-old man with gastric and pulmonary tumors of MALT lymphoma which occurred 5 years apart. Initially, the gastric tumor had been diagnosed as reactive lymphoreticular hyperplasia. To determine whether the two tumors arose from the same malignant clone, we amplified and sequenced the complementarity-determining region 3 of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sequences were identical except for 11-nucleotide difference, suggesting identical clonality.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Semiquantitative analysis of periodontopathogens by gene amplification.

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, which are known as major causative organisms of periodontitis, were semiquantitatively identified by two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sets of specific primers for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were prepared on the basis of the nucleotide sequences of the lktA and the fimA genes, respectively. The set of universal primers for eubacteria was designed from the nucleotide sequence of a highly conserved region in the eubacterial 16S rRNA sequence. The number of bacteria detectable by one-step PCR assay was no fewer than 10(3) cells. Less than 10(3) bacterial cells were detectable by two-step PCR assay. Subgingival plaque samples from 37 sites of 16 patients were obtained with paperpoints and analyzed by two-step PCR assay. More than 2 x 10(6) bacterial cells were found in the subgingival plaque samples from all diseased sites. In contrast, the number of total bacteria in those from more than half of healthy sites estimated by PCR assay was less than 2 x 10(6) cells, suggesting that subgingival plaque in diseased sites consists of a relatively larger number of bacteria compared with the population in healthy sites. While A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in both healthy and diseased sites, P. gingivalis was observed only in diseased sites. Both periodontopathic bacteria occupied a minor part (less than 0.1%) of the total subgingival plaque bacteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Downbeat nystagmus with compression of the medulla oblongata by the dolichoectatic vertebral arteries.

A case is reported of downbeat nystagmus associated with compression of the caudal brain stem by the dolichoectatic vertebral arteries, which was revealed by magnetic resonance imaging. Before surgery, the patient complained of oscillopsia at rest. Downbeat nystagmus was observed in the primary eye position and was increased in lateral gaze, especially to the left. Surgical repositioning of the left vertebral artery succeeded in resolving the downbeat nystagmus in the primary position within 1 month, and the nystagmus in all the other gaze positions almost completely disappeared over the subsequent months. Other ocular abnormalities also were improved after surgery. Thus, this case shows clear evidence of downbeat nystagmus arising from compression of dolichoectatic vertebral arteries to the medulla oblongata. Surgical neurovascular decompression of the dolichoectasia reverses the progression of symptoms if permanent neurologic damage has not already occurred.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Sequential evaluation of clinical and immunological findings in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: serial subclass distribution of antibodies.

The long-term outcome of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is variable depending upon the individual. To evaluate the mechanisms involved in the progression or regression of HP, the longitudinal changes in pulmonary function test results, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and the subclass distribution of IgA and IgG antibodies were investigated in 14 patients with HP, including 5 cases with bird fancier's lung (BFL). The present study has shown that: (1) All patients with bird fancier's lung (BFL) demonstrated either a restrictive pattern or a reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco), or both; one BFL patient showed deterioration in %VC and %DLco after avoidance of direct exposure. (2) All three patients with summer type HP who demonstrated reduced VC and DLco at the initial test improved, (3) T cells, especially CD8 cells, were predominant in the BAL fluids of the summer type HP patients, whereas either CD8 or CD4 cells were less common, but showed an increase in the BAL fluids of the BFL patients, depending upon individuals, (4) The number of CD8 cells in the summer type HP patients decreased gradually, but at slower rate than in the BFL patients; (5) Antibody activities of IgG1, G2, G3, G4, and A1 subclasses in the sera and BAL fluids were detected during the 5-year observation period; (6) IgA2 subclass was abundant in the BAL fluids of both BFL and summer type HP patients, in contrast to very minute amounts in sera; (7) The level of IgG2 antibody in the BAL fluids of the summer type HP patients was low (0.15 +/- 0.05) as compared to that in BFL (0.82 +/- 0.29); (8) The level of IgG3 antibody in the BAL fluids of summer type HP patients was lower (0.18 +/- 0.05) than in BFL (1.01 +/- 0.1); and (9) The antibody activities in most immunoglobulin subclasses fluctuated, but declined gradually in the BAL fluids, although they were well beyond the normal ranges. We were unable to predict the progression or the disappearance of hypersensitivity pneumonitis based merely upon the results of the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Granulomatous lesions in the lung induced by inhalation of mold spores.

The health hazards associated with grain dust exposure have been recognized as a cause of lung diseases. In the present study, we used germ-free rats exposed to Aspergillus versicolor to elucidate the mechanism for the lung damage induced by grain dust exposure. One month after exposure to the mold, remarkable proliferation of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues with germinal centres was induced by aspiration of mold spores. After 1 month, alveolar macrophages increased, becoming foamy macrophages by ingestion and digestion of mold spores. They expressed interleukin (IL)-1, Ia antigens and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 intensely and occasionally bound lymphocytes. Numerous lymphocytes infiltrated the granulomatous lesions which consisted of accumulated foamy macrophages and some T lymphocytes which carried IL-2 receptor. Granulomatous lesions were identified in the entire lung, especially around bronchioles. They extended from alveolar ducts to alveolar spaces for 6 months after exposure to the mold. The macrophage appears to be a key effector cell in granulomatous reactions to inhaled molds.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Distribution of preprosomatostatin mRNA in the rat parietal and temporal cortex.

The cerebral cortex of normal adult rats was studied by in situ hybridisation histochemistry, using digoxigenin-labelled oligonucleotide probes to preprosomatostatin (SOM). Labelled neurons were present in all cortical layers except layer I. They varied in staining intensity from light to heavy. There was no correlation between the size of the soma and staining intensity. A variety of neuronal types were SOM-positive. Some were clearly non-pyramidal, with a rounded soma and horizontal or oblique stem dendrites, while others had a prominent ascending apical dendrite and were interpreted as pyramidal neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A case of arterial priapism treated by embolization.

An 18-year-old unmarried man, who had shown arterial priapism caused by mild perineal trauma sustained during skate-boarding, has been successfully treated by autologous clot embolization at the common penile artery. He was able to have a normal erection and ejaculate 5 d after embolization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Intracranial bullet retained since the Sino-Japanese war manifesting as hallucination--case report.

A 69-year-old male with an intracranial bullet retained in the right occipital lobe for 45 years presented with epileptic seizure occasionally accompanied by visual hallucinations. Neurological examination revealed left homonymous hemianopsia and right hearing loss, and electroencephalography showed slow discharges localized in the lesion. The bullet was removed together with the thickened fibrous capsule. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he has become seizure-free. The bullet caused metal toxicity and progressive gliosis, which caused the epileptogenetic focus and associated hallucinations.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[A case of malignant localized chest wall mesothelioma accompanying with abdominal aortic aneurysm].

The patient was a 78-year-old man with a history of large painful left lower lateral chest wall tumor that was fist sized, while he had large abdominal aortic aneurysm. Because of high age, two staged operation was done. Initially chest wall tumor was resected. The defect was 11 x 11 cm in sized. The reconstruction of the defect was made with Marlex mesh. The microscopical findings was biphasic malignant mesothelioma. Fourty one days later abdominal aortic aneurysm was excised and the aorta was reconstructed using a Y shaped artificial graft. Post-operative course was uneventful.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression by neurons and oligodendrocytes during process outgrowth in developing rat brain.

The expression of tissue- and urokinase-type plasminogen activators has been studied in developing cerebellum, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb and olfactory mucosa of the rat by in situ hybridization. All identifiable neurons express urokinase mRNA from an early stage in their development, and this expression appears to coincide with the onset of axogenesis. For cerebellar granule cells, both axonal growth and urokinase expression are initiated before they migrate from the external granule layer; for the majority of neocortical neurons, however, both processes are commenced after the cells have migrated to the cortical plate. Neurons continue to express this protease in the adult. The large projection neurons exhibit the highest levels of message, the smaller interneurons having much lower levels except for hippocampal granule cells, which have notably high levels of expression. Glial cells generally do not express urokinase message, except for transient expression by oligodendrocytes in developing fibre tracts during the period of myelination. Thus for both neurons and oligodendrocytes, the onset of urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression coincides with their initiation of major process outgrowth, although neurons maintain this expression in the adult, possibly to retain a degree of synaptic plasticity. In contrast, although high levels of message for the related protease, tissue plasminogen activator, are found in the embryonic floor plate, in postnatal brain it is abundantly expressed only by ventricular ependymal cells and by cells in connective tissue surrounding the olfactory nerve.

Animals↗