Biomedical subjects

Y Shoenfeld

Publications and source records attributed to Y Shoenfeld.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

A comparison of autoantibodies and common DNA antibody idiotypes in SLE patients and their spouses.

In order to determine whether environmental influence per se might influence autoantibody production, sera from the spouses of 20 SLE patients were examined. No antibodies to cardiolipin, poly (ADP-ribose), or ENA were detected and none had detectable rheumatoid factor. One weakly positive ANA reaction was noted, one had anti-DNA antibodies (by RIA and ELISA) and in two sera the common DNA antibody idiotype 16/6 was found. The idiotype was not, however, present on either anti-DNA or anti-K30 antibodies. Although long-term analyses are required, it is evident that sharing the same environment with patients who commonly express a wide range of autoantibodies and common idiotypes rarely leads to their expression in non-autoimmune subjects.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗

PubMed1988

The significance of HLA studies in human-human hybridomas.

The technique of human-human (H + H) hybridoma is employed to generate human monoclonal antibodies. However, in contrast to mouse hybridomas, the human counterpart is very difficult to establish. It is still unclear what the precise reasons are for the failure to establish the human-human hybridoma technique as a routine. Analyses of HLA antigens of seven lymphocyte donors and 22 human cell lines generated by the H + H hybridoma technique have demonstrated the importance of the compatibility between human lymphocytes and the lymphoblastoid cell lines. Furthermore, there is a preferential expression of several HLA on human hybridomas (e.g. B51; B15; B18; B35). Screening several unrelated human lymphoblastoid cell lines available demonstrated preferred HLA antigens (A2, A3; A30/31; B5; B18; B15; B35), despite the fact that these lines were derived from subjects of different ethnic origins. It seems that HLA typing of donor lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines may help to increase the yield of H + H hybridomas.

Cell Fusion↗

PubMed1988

Benign familial leukopenia and neutropenia in different ethnic groups.

Benign hereditary leukopenia-neutropenia has been reported in several ethnic groups, including Yemenite Jews, Blacks of South African extraction, West Indians and Arab Jordanians. The subjects with BFL were shown not to have an increased incidence of infections, and their response to infection did not differ from subjects having normal white blood cell counts. This study entails the report of two additional unrelated ethnic groups with familial neutropenia - Black Beduin and Falashah Jews. The familial nature of the phenomenon was confirmed. The suggested mechanism of this type of neutropenia is a defect in release of mature WBC from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation. All ethnic groups thus far reported have tanned or dark skin. The significance of this common feature has still to be elucidated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Antinuclear autoantibodies in sera of healthy pregnant women and their offspring.

The presence of autoantibodies in the fetus has previously been investigated in the offspring of mothers with autoimmune diseases, but not in the offspring of healthy pregnant women. Employing the ELISA method, we examine four SLE-associated auto-antibodies (anti-dsDNA, anti-ssDNA, anti-poly(I), and anti-cardiolipin) in sera obtained from 196 healthy pregnant women and their offspring. All detected autoantibodies in maternal and blood cord sera were of the IgM isotype. Thirty-four maternal sera (17.3%) were positive for one or more tested autoantibodies: 16 (8.1%) for one autoantibody alone, 17 (8.6%) for two autoantibodies, and one (0.5%) for three autoantibodies; 1.5%, 5.6%, 9.6%, and 10.2% of the maternal sera were positive for autoantibodies against dsDNA, ssDNA, poly(I), and cardiolipin, respectively. In only one blood cord serum sample was an autoantibody (IgM anti-ssDNA) detected. This infant was born to a healthy seronegative mother. The finding that all offspring of IgM seropositive mothers are IgM seronegative is not surprising since maternal IgM autoantibodies do not cross the placenta. The finding of an IgM seropositive infant born to an IgM seronegative mother may indicate that the fetus is capable of self-production of autoantibodies.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

The significance of natural autoantibodies.

Since Burnet first introduced his "forbidden clones" theory, the discrimination between self and non-self and the physiologic mechanisms of avoiding autoimmunity remained an enigma. The realization in the past two decades that autoantibodies reacting with various self antigens are common in normals has led to intensive research on the origin and physiologic role of these "natural autoantibodies". After reviewing the extensive literature on the appearance of natural autoantibodies in normal animals and humans, and the studies proving unequivocally that natural autoantibodies are coded by germ line genes, we will discuss the current hypotheses explaining their appearance and physiologic role. Despite the fact that numerous hypotheses explaining the origin of natural autoantibodies have been postulated only the two important ones will be discussed. The first, proposed by Cunningham, holds that clonal deletion as viewed by Burnet operates in early life; however, later in life all autoreactive B cells not eliminated during ontogeny are prevented from expanding and secreting anti-self antibodies by a compensatory suppressor mechanism. Therefore, natural autoantibodies are postulated to be autoantibodies which are produced only in minute quantities allowed by the suppressor mechanism. The second hypothesis views autoantibody formation as a result of cross reaction between foreign and self determinants. It is suggested that the part of the B cell population which gives rise to autoantibodies carries a polyspecific receptor; fixation of a foreign antigen to this receptor induces the B cell to undergo a series of divisions and mutations, which under the selective pressure of the antigen leads to production of a highly specific antibody. Thus natural autoantibodies may constitute the antibodies secreted by these B cells prior to encountering foreign antigens. The biologic role of natural autoantibodies is also elusive. The common denominator to all the theories dealing with that puzzling question is the view that natural autoantibodies have a positive role in normal immune reactions, perhaps even an essential role without which normal immune function would be disrupted. Grabar suggested that natural autoantibodies are part of a physiologic mechanism for cleansing the organism of self and non-self products in which classical antibodies serve to clear the body of foreign invading agents, while natural autoantibodies rid the organism of its own catabolic products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aging↗

PubMed1988

An analysis of autoimmunity through studies of DNA antibody idiotypes.

The existence of idiotypic networks, first postulated over 12 years ago, is now widely recognised. Idiotypic analyses of autoantibodies have been reported among both hybridoma-derived and naturally occurring immunoglobulins. In this review the many studies of idiotypes detected on anti-DNA antibodies, notably one designated 16/6, are analysed to see what clues they offer to our understanding of autoimmunity. The links between infection and autoimmunity are emphasised by this analysis. It is also obvious that idiotypes first identified an autoantibodies are not confined to these immunoglobulins. Thus, the 16/6 idiotype originally described on a hybridoma-derived monoclonal anti-DNA antibody has also been identified on naturally occurring antibodies binding the Klebsiella polysaccharide K30.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗

PubMed1988

Ageing and autoantibodies.

Immune responsiveness decreases with age, while the production of autoantibodies increases, indicating that these are end results of perturbations in the regulatory mechanisms of the immune system. The effects of ageing on the immune system are reviewed.

Aged↗

PubMed1988