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Biomedical subjects

Y Shiratori

Publications and source records attributed to Y Shiratori.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Superoxide anion generating capacity of polymorphonuclear cells in patients with liver cirrhosis.

The superoxide anion generating capacity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in patients with liver cirrhosis and the effect of lipopolysaccharide on rat PMNs were examined. Superoxide anion generating capacity of PMNs was measured as luminol-dependent photon emission (chemiluminescence) during phagocytosis of peptide in vitro. Chemiluminescence of PMNs from patients with liver cirrhosis was significantly enhanced compared with normal healthy volunteers, and endotoxemia was detected in 3 out of 20 cases of liver cirrhosis by the limulus gelatin test. Serial studies revealed that chemiluminescence of PMNs and endotoxin in plasma decreased after administration of polymyxin B (3 X 10(6) u/day). Chemiluminescence of rat PMNs was also markedly enhanced after the injection of lipopolysaccharide, and persisted for more than 8 days even though endotoxemia was not detected. These results indicate that the enhancement of chemiluminescence by PMNs is related to endotoxins spilling over from the liver in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Kupffer cells from CCl4-induced fibrotic livers stimulate proliferation of fat-storing cells.

The interaction between fat-storing cells (FSCs) and Kupffer cells (KCs) in vitro has been studied in an attempt to clarify certain aspects of the pathogenesis of fibrotic process in the liver. FSCs and KCs were isolated from the livers of rats either treated with CCl4 for 6 weeks, or with vitamin A for 6 weeks or from untreated rats by the pronase-collagenase digestion method. FSCs were further purified by centrifugation over a double layered metrizamide gradient, and KCs were separated from other sinusoidal cells by the dish adherence technique. FSCs from CCl4-treated rats divided rapidly, while those from vitamin A-treated rats divided slowly, as compared with untreated rats. Furthermore, the proliferation of FSCs was enhanced in the presence of KCs from CCl4-treated rats, but was slightly suppressed by KCs from normal and vitamin A-treated rats. This enhancement was mediated by a non-dialyzable, soluble factor present in the conditioned medium of KCs from CCl4-treated rats, but was not detected in the conditioned medium of KCs from normal or vitamin A-treated rats. From the present study, a growth factor secreted by KCs from CCl4-treated rats may play an important role in controlling the proliferation of FSCs during the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of acetaldehyde on collagen synthesis by fat-storing cells isolated from rats treated with carbon tetrachloride.

In an attempt to elucidate the role of fat-storing cells (FSCs) in alcoholic liver fibrosis, we examined the effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on collagen synthesis by FSCs isolated from CCl4-treated or normal rats. Isolated FSCs from normal rats showed characteristic lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. FSCs from CCl4-treated rats showed an abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and a small number of lipid droplets. Collagen synthesis by the cells from CCl4-treated rats was 4-5-fold enhanced as compared with untreated rats. Though ethanol had an inhibitory effect on collagen synthesis by FSCs, acetaldehyde stimulated collagen production by the cells from CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis, whereas collagen synthesis by the cells from normal rats was not influenced by acetaldehyde. From these results, FSCs are morphologically and functionally changed in liver fibrosis, and the transitional state of FSCs might be important in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver fibrosis.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1986

Collagen production by rat liver fat-storing cells in primary culture.

Morphological changes, proliferation and collagen synthesis of fat-storing cells (FSC) in primary culture were examined. FSC, isolated from rats treated with vitamin A, showed numerous large lipid droplets in the cytoplasm and positive desmin staining. After 4-7 days culture, these cells were transformed into fibroblast-like cells with a gradual depletion of lipid droplets and with abundant well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. The proliferation analysis revealed that DNA synthesis preceded the increase of cell number. Enhancement of the collagen synthesis by FSC were associated with the morphological change of the cells. Quantitative analysis revealed that these cells produced mainly type I collagen (84%) and a small amount of type III collagen (16%).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Specific antisera for the radioimmunoassay of estradiol-3-sulfate.

Antisera were prepared against two types of estradiol-3-sulfate-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates. The haptens were coupled to BSA through the C-6 position in the steroid molecule by the glutaraldehyde (A) or the carbodiimide method (B). In comparison the antiserum produced by method A had a high affinity for estradiol-3-sulfate (Ka = 5.64 X 10(8) M-1); that produced by method B had an even higher affinity (Ka = 2.62 X 10(9) M-1). Furthermore the latter had no significant cross-reaction with other estrogen sulfates (less than 3.83%), and no cross-reaction with other steroids (less than 0.03%). The former revealed a little cross-reactivity with some of related steroids.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1985

Effects of glutamic acid analogues on identifiable giant neurones, sensitive to beta-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid, of an African giant snail (Achatina fulica Férussac).

The effects of the seven glutamic acid analogues, alpha-kainic acid, alpha-allo-kainic acid, domoic acid, erythro-L-tricholomic acid, DL-ibotenic acid, L-quisqualic acid and allo-gamma-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid were examined on six identifiable giant neurones of an African giant snail (Achatina fulica Férussac). The neurones studied were: PON (periodically oscillating neurone), d-RPLN (dorsal-right parietal large neurone), VIN (visceral intermittently firing neurone), RAPN (right anterior pallial neurone), FAN (frequently autoactive neurone) and v-RCDN (ventral-right cerebral distinct neurone). Of these, d-RPLN and RAPN were excited by the two isomers (erythro- and threo-) of beta-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid (L-BHGA), whereas PON, VIN, FAN and v-RCDN were inhibited. L-Glutamic acid (L-Glu) had virtually no effect on these neurones. alpha-Kainic acid and domoic acid showed marked excitatory effects, similar to those of L-BHGA, on d-RPLN and RAPN. Their effective potency quotients (EPQs), relative to the more effective isomer of L-BHGA were: 0.3 for both substances on d-RPLN, and 1 for alpha-kainic acid and 3-1 for domoic acid on RAPN. alpha-Kainic acid also had excitatory effects on FAN and v-RCDN (EPQ for both: 0.3), which were inhibited by L-BHGA but excited by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Erythro-L-tricholomic acid showed marked effects, similar to those of L-BHGA, on VIN (EPQ: 0.3) and RAPN (EPQ: 3-1), but produced weaker effects on PON and d-RPLN (EPQ: 0.1). DL-Ibotenic acid produced marked effects, similar to those of L-BHGA, on PON, VIN (EPQ for both: 1) and RAPN (EPQ: 1-0.3), but had weak effects on d-RPLN (EPQ: less than 0.1) and FAN (EPQ: 0.1). It had excitatory effects on v-RCDN (EPQ: 0.1). This neurone was inhibited by L-BHGA but excited by GABA. L-Quisqualic acid showed the same effects as L-BHGA on all of the neurones examined (EPQ range 30-0.1). It was the most potent of the compounds tested on RAPN (EPQ: 30-10), FAN (EPQ: 30) and v-RCDN (EPQ: 3). alpha-Allo-kainic acid and allo-gamma-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid had no obvious effect on any of the neurones examined. As described above, the responses of the neurones examined to these substances varied widely. However, L-quisqualic acid generally had effects on the neurones similar to those of L-BHGA; the L-BHGA-excited neurones were also excited by alpha-kainic acid and domoic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Paradoxical functions of alveolar macrophages from Calmette-Guérin bacillus-immunized rats.

The effect of autologous alveolar macrophages on the lymphoproliferative response to mitogens was investigated using Calmette-Guérin bacillus (BCG)-immunized rats. The proliferation of lymphocytes obtained from normal rats was suppressed when the lymphocytes were cultured with alveolar macrophages at any proportion, but there was an enhancement in the lymphoproliferative response when the lymphocytes from BCG-immunized rats were incubated with alveolar macrophages at the ratio of 100:1. The supernatant of alveolar macrophage cultures from both normal and BCG-immunized rats showed a suppressive effect on lymphocytes while the supernatant of lymphocyte-alveolar macrophage cultures from BCG-immunized rats enhanced the lymphoproliferation. The results indicate that there are soluble factors elaborated by alveolar macrophages which have opposite effects on lymphoproliferation, and that these factors may be involved in the development of the hyperimmune state of the lung in tuberculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Significance of a gastric mass screening survey.

We analyzed the rate of occurrence of gastric cancer in a population of 39,250 by mass screening survey. In 0.123% of the total subjects gastric cancer was detected, 0.064% was at early stage and 0.059% at an advanced stage. The incidence of gastric cancer in the newly examined persons was 0.17%, 0.08% was at early stage and 0.09% at advanced stage. Of the frequently examined persons 0.07% was found to have gastric cancer, 0.043% at early stage and 0.027% at an advanced stage. The rate of occurrence of early gastric cancer was significantly higher than that of advanced gastric cancer within a 1 1/2 year interval of screening. From these results, gastric mass screening survey is considered to be effective in detecting asymptomatic gastric cancer in the "newly examined persons," and also to be beneficial in detecting "early" gastric cancer at intervals of 1 1/2 years of screening.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Electron microscopic studies on IgA nephropathy.

We carried out electron microscopic studies on renal tissues from 9 patients with IgA nephropathy. Electron dense deposits were present in the mesangial area in all cases, subendothelial deposits in 4, and subepithelial deposits in only one. In basement membrane, segmental swelling and rarefaction of basement membrane substance were observed. In some cases the degenerated basement membrane substance protruded through the dilated endothelial fenestration into capillary lumina. Focal splitting, attenuation, mouse eaten appearance, and herniation of basement membrane were seen in a high incidence. Mesangial cells possessed well developed rough endoplasmic reticulums and polysomes. In the peripheral areas of mesangial cell cytoplasm, there was accumulation of electron dense substance and this was occasionally continuously present in the mesangial matrix. There was segmental swelling of endothelial cell cytoplasm, resulting in loss of fenestration. Epithelial cells had well developed rough endoplasmic reticulums and polysomes. Segmental foot process fusion was seen, and these processes, regardless of fusion, became electron denser in the area close to the basement membrane. Multivesiculated bodies were present in all cases in the epithelial cells and in 7 cases in the endothelial cells. Spherical microparticles were present in 3 cases in the urinary space or between the basement membrane and the epithelial cells.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1984

Antigen presentation by Kupffer cells in the rat.

Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized with liver-specific protein (LSP), and the functions of isolated Kupffer cells, as accessory cells and antigen-presenting cells, were examined. More than 70% of the cells showed phagocytic activity for latex particles. The proliferative response of spleen lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A was lost in the absence of macrophages but was restored by the addition of Kupffer cells. In vitro stimulation with LSP induced binding of lymphocytes to Kupffer cells and enhanced 3H-thymidine incorporation when lymphocytes were incubated with Kupffer cells from immunized rats. These results indicated that Kupffer cells can act both as accessory cells and as antigen-presenting cells for LSP.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Kupffer cells inhibit the lymphoproliferative response to antigenic stimulation by rat hepatocytes.

Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized with liver-specific protein. Kupffer cells and hepatocytes were prepared by the enzyme digestive procedure, and macrophage-depleted lymphocytes were prepared by the glass adherence method. Lymphocytes were incubated with macrophages or with Kupffer cells during the antigenic stimulation of mitomycin-C-treated hepatocytes for 90 h, and 3H-thymidine incorporation of lymphocytes was analyzed. The proliferation of lymphocytes cultured with macrophages was increased, but the proliferation of lymphocytes cultured with Kupffer cells was decreased in the rats immunized with liver-specific protein. And cytotoxicity to hepatocytes was increased after lymphocyte-Kupffer cell culture in the immunized rats. On the other hand, the proliferation of lymphocytes and cytotoxicity to hepatocytes were not significantly increased in normal rats. In the immunized rats lymphocytes cultured with macrophages showed a proliferative response to the membrane of hepatocytes, but inhibition of the lymphoproliferative response by Kupffer cells is considered to be due to destruction of hepatocytes (and thereby removal of antigen).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Abnormalities of T cells in patients with ulcerative colitis. FACS analysis of peripheral lymphocytes.

Heterologous antisera against human brain tissue and human embryonal thymocytes were used to distinguish the changes in lymphocyte subpopulations accompanying ulcerative colitis. Peripheral lymphocytes from normal individuals and from patients with ulcerative colitis were reacted with these heterologous antibodies, stained with fluoresceinated rabbit anti-human immunoglobulins, and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter. All of the fluorescence profiles of T cells in ulcerative colitis showed shifts with a marked increase in the population that had high fluorescence intensity. Time-course analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorter revealed that the grade of fluorescence profile shift varied in accordance with the activity of the disease. Natural T-cell toxic autoantibody was found in 27 of the 35 patients with ulcerative colitis. Natural T-cell toxic autoantibodies from these patients reacted with 20% of peripheral T cells without Fc receptors. The abnormality of peripheral blood lymphocytes in ulcerative colitis may be caused by the production of autoantibodies.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1981

Galactosyltransferase activities in human sera of various diseases.

Recently galactosyltransferase has been noted as a new tumor marker. In this report galactosyltransferase activity was measured in sera of various diseases including malignant tumors and the levels of the enzyme activities were compared. The levels of the enzyme were higher in sera of malignant tumors and liver diseases than those in sera of other diseases. In malignant tumors little organ specificity was found with respect to the levels of galactosyltransferase activities. The levels of the enzyme were considered to have no relation to carcinoembryonic antigen or alpha-feto protein. On the other hand, in liver diseases the levels of the enzyme were correlated to the severity of liver damage. Therefore, it is reasonable to presume that the elevation of serum galactosyltransferase activity is caused chiefly by malignant tumors and liver damage.

Galactosyltransferases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modulation of hepatotoxicity by macrophages in the liver.

In an attempt to elucidate the role of hepatic macrophages in liver injury, we investigated galactosamine-treated rats (500 mg per kg body weight). The rats received an i.v. injection of latex particles (2 x 10(9) particles per animal) prior to (latex-galactosamine) or 12 to 16 hr subsequent to the galactosamine treatment (galactosamine-latex). Effect of superoxide dismutase on hepatic injury induced by galactosamine or galactosamine-latex treatment was also examined. Oxygen-derived free radical-generating capacity of isolated hepatic macrophages was measured as chemiluminescence with the stimulation of phorbol myristate acetate or latex particles. As compared with normal rats, chemiluminescence of hepatic macrophages from galactosamine-treated rats was 5- to 10-fold enhanced 12 hr following galactosamine treatment and remained elevated for 48 hr. Chemiluminescence of the latex particle-pretreated macrophages in the liver was markedly suppressed even following the galactosamine treatment (p less than 0.01). Compared to galactosamine-treated rats, both lipid peroxide level in the liver tissue and AST and ALT concentration in serum were significantly decreased in the latex-galactosamine-treated rats (p less than 0.01) and increased in the galactosamine-latex-treated rats (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, superoxide dismutase supplementation protected against liver injury induced by the galactosamine-latex treatment. From these results, pretreatment with latex particles suppressed the free radical-generating capacity of hepatic macrophages and protected against hepatic injury induced by galactosamine. In contrast, injection of latex particles after galactosamine treatment aggravated hepatic injury, which was prevented by superoxide dismutase. These data suggest that liver injury induced by galactosamine is modulated by oxygen-derived free radicals from hepatic macrophages.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Potential pitfall of MR cholangiopancreatography: right hepatic arterial impression of the common hepatic duct.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and imaging characteristics of nonpathologic narrowing that is seen in the common hepatic duct on MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), which can be caused by impression of the right hepatic artery. METHOD: MRCP images obtained in 52 patients were reviewed by two radiologists who attained consensus for evaluation of the frequency, degree, and length of narrowing of the common hepatic duct. Subsequent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, CT, ultrasonography, and follow-up imagings performed in 3-6 months were reviewed for evaluation of the narrowing in the common hepatic duct seen with MRCP images. RESULTS: Smooth narrowing of the common hepatic duct that was presumably due to right hepatic arterial impression was seen in 11 (21%) of 52 patients. The extrinsic impression was severe in none, moderate in five, and subtle in six patients, ranging in length from 4 to 11 mm (mean 7.9 mm). CONCLUSION: Radiologists should avoid misinterpreting a smooth and short narrowing in the common hepatic duct on MRCP images by recognizing the possible presence of the right hepatic artery that makes an impression on the common hepatic duct.

Adult↗